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Laeta M, Ruenes GF, Siciliano S, Oliveira JA, Galatius A. Variation in cranial asymmetry among the Delphinoidea. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The remarkable directional cranial asymmetry of odontocete skulls has been proposed to be related to sound production. We investigated the variation in quality and quantity of cranial asymmetry in the superfamily Delphinoidea using geometric morphometrics and then investigated the relationship between asymmetry and aspects of sound production. In the average asymmetric shape, the dorsal aspect of the skull outline and interparietal suture crest were displaced to the right, while the nasal septum, nasal bones and right premaxilla were displaced to the left. The nasal bone, premaxilla and maxilla were all larger on the right side. Three delphinoid families presented similar expressions of asymmetry; however, the magnitude of the asymmetry varied. The Monodontidae showed the greatest magnitude of asymmetry, whereas the Phocoenidae were much less asymmetric. The most speciose family, the Delphinidae, presented a wide spectrum of asymmetry, with globicephalines and lissodelphinines among the most and least asymmetric species, respectively. Generalized linear models explaining the magnitude of asymmetry with characteristics of echolocation clicks, habitat use and size revealed associations with source level, dive depth and centroid size. This supports a relationship between asymmetry and sound production, with more asymmetric species emitting louder sounds. For example, louder clicks would be beneficial for prey detection at longer ranges in deeper waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maíra Laeta
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Setor de Mastozoologia, Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Grupo de Estudos de Mamíferos Marinhos da Região dos Lagos, Praia Seca, Araruama, RJ, Brazil
| | - Greicy F Ruenes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense “Darcy Ribeiro”, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Mamíferos, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
| | - Salvatore Siciliano
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Grupo de Estudos de Mamíferos Marinhos da Região dos Lagos, Praia Seca, Araruama, RJ, Brazil
| | - João A Oliveira
- Setor de Mastozoologia, Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anders Galatius
- Marine Mammal Research, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
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Spinelli LG, Randi CB, Mari RB, Angrimani DSR, Carvalho VL, Meirelles ACO, Vergara‐Parente JE, Guimarães JP. Morphological description of the male reproductive tract of the Clymene dolphin (
Stenella clymene
, Gray, 1850). ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas G. Spinelli
- Laboratory of Animal Morphophysiology Institute of Biosciences‐Campus do Litoral Paulista São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP) São Vicente Brazil
| | - Caroline B. Randi
- Laboratory of Animal Morphophysiology Institute of Biosciences‐Campus do Litoral Paulista São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP) São Vicente Brazil
| | - Renata B. Mari
- Laboratory of Animal Morphophysiology Institute of Biosciences‐Campus do Litoral Paulista São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP) São Vicente Brazil
| | - Daniel S. R. Angrimani
- Department of Animal Reproduction School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Vitor Luz Carvalho
- Centro de Reabilitação de Mamíferos Marinhos Aquatic Ecosystems Research and Preservation Association (AQUASIS) Caucaia Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Oliveira Meirelles
- Centro de Reabilitação de Mamíferos Marinhos Aquatic Ecosystems Research and Preservation Association (AQUASIS) Caucaia Brazil
| | | | - Juliana P. Guimarães
- Laboratory of Marine and Coastal Organisms Biology Santa Cecilia University (UNISANTA) Santos Brazil
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Alt KG, Kuhn T, Münster J, Klapper R, Kochmann J, Klimpel S. Mesopredatory fishes from the subtropical upwelling region off NW-Africa characterised by their parasite fauna. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5339. [PMID: 30123696 PMCID: PMC6087424 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Eastern boundary upwelling provides the conditions for high marine productivity in the Canary Current System off NW-Africa. Despite its considerable importance to fisheries, knowledge on this marine ecosystem is only limited. Here, parasites were used as indicators to gain insight into the host ecology and food web of two pelagic fish species, the commercially important species Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758, and Nealotus tripes Johnson, 1865. Fish specimens of T. lepturus (n = 104) and N. tripes (n = 91), sampled from the Canary Current System off the Senegalese coast and Cape Verde Islands, were examined, collecting data on their biometrics, diet and parasitisation. In this study, the first parasitological data on N. tripes are presented. T. lepturus mainly preyed on small pelagic Crustacea and the diet of N. tripes was dominated by small mesopelagic Teleostei. Both host species were infested by mostly generalist parasites. The parasite fauna of T. lepturus consisted of at least nine different species belonging to six taxonomic groups, with a less diverse fauna of ectoparasites and cestodes in comparison to studies in other coastal ecosystems (Brazil Current and Kuriosho Current). The zoonotic nematode Anisakis pegreffii occurred in 23% of the samples and could pose a risk regarding food safety. The parasite fauna of N. tripes was composed of at least thirteen species from seven different taxonomic groups. Its most common parasites were digenean ovigerous metacercariae, larval cestodes and a monogenean species (Diclidophoridae). The observed patterns of parasitisation in both host species indicate their trophic relationships and are typical for mesopredators from the subtropical epi- and mesopelagic. The parasite fauna, containing few dominant species with a high abundance, represents the typical species composition of an eastern boundary upwelling ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina G Alt
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Kuhn
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Julian Münster
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Regina Klapper
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Judith Kochmann
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sven Klimpel
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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