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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo H. Cassini
- Laboratorio de Biología del Comportamiento IBYME CONICET Obligado 2490 Buenos Aires1429Argentina
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Bowyer RT, McCullough DR, Rachlow JL, Ciuti S, Whiting JC. Evolution of ungulate mating systems: Integrating social and environmental factors. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:5160-5178. [PMID: 32551090 PMCID: PMC7297761 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ungulates exhibit diverse mating systems that range from monogamous pair territories to highly polygynous leks. We review mating systems and behaviors across ungulates and offer a new approach synthesizing how interacting factors may shape those mating systems. Variability exists in mating systems among and within species of ungulates and likely is affected by predation risk, availability of resources (food and mates), habitat structure, and sociality. Ungulate mating systems may be labile as a consequence of the varying strength of those interacting factors. In addition, degree of polygyny and sexual dimorphism in size are associated with the evolution of mating systems. Neither male-male combat nor paternal care, however, can completely explain differences in sexual size dimorphism for ungulates, a necessary component in understanding the development of some mating systems. Whatever the evolutionary pathway, sexual segregation limits paternal care allowing more intense male-male competition. Selection of habitat structure, because it modifies risk of predation, is a major determinant of sociality for ungulates. Likewise, ruggedness and steepness of terrain limit the types of mating systems that can occur because of limitations in group size and cohesiveness, as well as the ability of males to herd even small groups of females effectively. The quality and defensibility of resources affect mating systems, as does the defensibility of females. Population density of females also may be a critical determinant of the types of mating systems that develop. Size of groups likewise constrains the types of mating tactics that males can employ. Our aim was to use those relationships to create a broad conceptual model that predicts how various environmental and social factors interact to structure mating systems in ungulates. This model provides a useful framework for future tests of the roles of both ecological and social conditions in influencing the social systems of ungulates.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Terry Bowyer
- Institute of Arctic BiologyUniversity of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAKUSA
| | - Dale R. McCullough
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Janet L. Rachlow
- Department of Fish and Wildlife SciencesUniversity of IdahoMoscowIDUSA
| | - Simone Ciuti
- Laboratory of Wildlife Ecology and BehaviourSchool of Biology and Environmental ScienceUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
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Abstract
Abstract
Sexual size dimorphism is biased toward males in most mammalian species. The most common explanation is precopulatory intramale sexual selection. Large males win fights and mate more frequently. In artiodactyls, previous tests of this hypothesis consisted of interspecific correlations of sexual dimorphism with group size as a surrogate for the intensity of sexual selection (Is). However, group size is not a proper measure of sexual selection for several reasons as is largely recognized in other mammalian taxa. I conducted an interspecific test on the role of sexual selection in the evolution of sexual dimorphism using the variance in genetic paternity as a proxy for the Is. I reviewed the literature and found 17 studies that allowed estimating Is= V/(W2), where V and W are the variance and mean number of offspring per male, respectively. A phylogenetic generalized least squares analysis indicated that dimorphism (Wm/Wf) showed a significant positive regression with the intensity of sexual selection but not group size (multiple r2= 0.40; F3,17= 12.78, P = 0.002). This result suggests that sexual selection may have played a role in the evolution of sexual size dimorphism in Artiodactyla. An alternative hypothesis based on natural selection is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo H Cassini
- Laboratorio de Biología del Comportamiento, IBYME, CONICET, Obligado, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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4
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Offspring sired by subordinate red deer males under controlled conditions: did some females prefer not to mate with the alpha male? Acta Ethol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10211-020-00336-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bueno LM, Caun DL, Comelis MT, Beguelini MR, Taboga SR, Morielle‐Versute E. Ovarian morphology and folliculogenesis and ovulation process in the flat‐faced fruit‐eating bat
Artibeus planirostris
and the Argentine brown bat
Eptesicus furinalis
: A comparative analysis. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Mayumi Bueno
- Department of Zoology and BotanyInstitute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (Ibilce)Campus São José do Rio PretoSão Paulo State University (UNESP) São Paulo Brazil
| | - Dianelli Lisboa Caun
- Department of Zoology and BotanyInstitute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (Ibilce)Campus São José do Rio PretoSão Paulo State University (UNESP) São Paulo Brazil
| | - Manuela Tosi Comelis
- Department of Zoology and BotanyInstitute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (Ibilce)Campus São José do Rio PretoSão Paulo State University (UNESP) São Paulo Brazil
| | - Mateus Rodrigues Beguelini
- Center of Biological and Health SciencesUFOB – Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia Bahia Barreiras Brazil
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Department of BiologyInstitute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (Ibilce)Campus São José do Rio PretoSão Paulo State University (UNESP) São Paulo Brazil
| | - Eliana Morielle‐Versute
- Department of Zoology and BotanyInstitute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (Ibilce)Campus São José do Rio PretoSão Paulo State University (UNESP) São Paulo Brazil
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Dunn SJ, Byers JA. How Pronghorn Females Avoid Inbreeding Depression. Ethology 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stacey J. Dunn
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Idaho Moscow ID USA
| | - John A. Byers
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Idaho Moscow ID USA
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Demay SM, Becker PA, Waits LP, Johnson TR, Rachlow JL. Consequences for conservation: population density and genetic effects on reproduction of an endangered lagomorph. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2016; 26:784-795. [PMID: 27411250 DOI: 10.1890/15-0931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding reproduction and mating systems is important for managers tasked with conserving vulnerable species. Genetic tools allow biologists to investigate reproduction and mating systems with high resolution and are particularly useful for species that are otherwise difficult to study in their natural environments. We conducted parentage analyses using 19 nuclear DNA microsatellite loci to assess the influence of population density, genetic diversity, and ancestry on reproduction, and to examine the mating system of pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis) bred in large naturalized enclosures for the reintroduction and recovery of the endangered distinct population in central Washington, USA. Reproductive output for females and males decreased as population density and individual homozygosity increased. We identified an interaction indicating that male reproductive output decreased as genetic diversity declined at high population densities, but there was no effect at low densities. Males with high amounts (> 50%) of Washington ancestry had higher reproductive output than the other ancestry groups, while reproductive output was decreased for males with high northern Utah/Wyoming ancestry and females with high Oregon/Nevada ancestry. Females and males bred with an average of 3.8 and 3.6 mates per year, respectively, and we found no evidence of positive or negative assortative mating with regards to ancestry. Multiple paternity was confirmed in 81% of litters, and we report the first documented cases of juvenile breeding by pygmy rabbits. This study demonstrates how variation in population density, genetic diversity, and ancestry impact fitness for an endangered species being bred for conservation. Our results advance understanding of basic life history characteristics for a cryptic species that is difficult to study in the wild and provide lessons for managing populations of vulnerable species in captive and free-ranging populations.
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The Opportunity for Post-Copulatory Sexual Selection in the Ectoparasitic Pea Crab, Dissodactylus primitivus (Brachyura: Pinnotheridae). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145681. [PMID: 26701316 PMCID: PMC4689395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pea crabs, Dissodactylus primitivus, inhabit multiple echinoid (heart urchin) hosts. Male and female crabs move among hosts in search for mates, and both sexes mate multiple times, creating opportunities for post-copulatory sexual selection. For such selection to occur, only a fraction of the males who succeed in mating can also succeed in siring progeny. Jossart et al. 2014 used 4 microsatellite loci to document parentage and mating frequencies of both sexes in D. primitivus. From these data we identified the mean and variance in female offspring numbers, as well as the proportions of the female population that were gravid and not bearing offspring. We next identified the proportions of the male population who had (1) mated and sired offspring, (2) mated but failed to sire offspring, and (3) failed to mate altogether. We used these results to estimate the opportunity for selection on males and females in terms of mate numbers and offspring numbers, and estimated the sex difference in the opportunity for selection (i.e., the opportunity for sexual selection) using both forms of data. We then partitioned the total variance in male fitness into pre- and post-copulatory components and identified the fraction of the total opportunity for selection occurring in each context. Our results show that the opportunity for selection on each sex was of similar magnitude (0.69–0.98), consistent with this polyandrogynous mating system. We also found that 37% of the total opportunity for sexual selection on males occurred within the context of post-copulatory sexual selection. However, the fraction of the total opportunity for selection that was due to sexual selection, estimated using both mate numbers and offspring numbers, was 9% and 23% respectively. Thus, we further reduced our estimate of the opportunity for post-copulatory sexual selection in D. primitivus to less than 10% of the total opportunity for selection (0.37 of 0.09 and 0.23 = 0.03 and 0.09). Our results provide the first estimate of the maximum possible strength of post-copulatory sexual selection in crustaceans using this approach.
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Kersey DC, Holland J, Eng C. Reproductive activity in the peninsular pronghorn determined from excreted gonadal steroid metabolites. Zoo Biol 2015; 34:183-8. [DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David C. Kersey
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Western University of Health Sciences; Pomona California
| | - Jeff Holland
- Los Angeles Zoo and Botanical Gardens; Los Angeles California
| | - Curtis Eng
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Western University of Health Sciences; Pomona California
- Los Angeles Zoo and Botanical Gardens; Los Angeles California
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11
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Nunes S, Weidenbach JN, Lafler MR, Dever JA. Sibling relatedness and social play in juvenile ground squirrels. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-014-1848-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Levine BA, Smith CF, Schuett GW, Douglas MR, Davis MA, Douglas ME. Bateman-Trivers in the 21st Century: sexual selection in a North American pitviper. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brenna A. Levine
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR 72701 USA
| | - Charles F. Smith
- Department of Biology; Wofford College; Spartanburg SC 29303 USA
- The Copperhead Institute; PO Box 6755 Spartanburg SC 29304 USA
- Chiricahua Desert Museum; PO Box 376 Rodeo NM 88056 USA
| | - Gordon W. Schuett
- The Copperhead Institute; PO Box 6755 Spartanburg SC 29304 USA
- Chiricahua Desert Museum; PO Box 376 Rodeo NM 88056 USA
- Department of Biology and Center for Behavioral Neuroscience; Georgia State University; Atlanta GA 30303 USA
| | - Marlis R. Douglas
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR 72701 USA
- Illinois Natural History Survey; Prairie Research Institute; University of Illinois; Champaign IL 61820 USA
| | - Mark A. Davis
- Illinois Natural History Survey; Prairie Research Institute; University of Illinois; Champaign IL 61820 USA
| | - Michael E. Douglas
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR 72701 USA
- Illinois Natural History Survey; Prairie Research Institute; University of Illinois; Champaign IL 61820 USA
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Byers J, Dunn S. Response to comments on "Bateman in nature: predation on offspring reduces the potential for sexual selection". Science 2013; 340:549. [PMID: 23641096 DOI: 10.1126/science.1233500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Commenters objected to the way that we counted matings and offspring to calculate Bateman slopes and disagreed with our contention that predation on offspring can decrease the potential for sexual selection. We clarify what may have been misunderstandings to argue that our methods, analyses, and conclusions are correct.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Byers
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-3051, USA
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Arnqvist G. Comment on “Bateman in Nature: Predation on Offspring Reduces the Potential for Sexual Selection”. Science 2013; 340:549. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1233413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Göran Arnqvist
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE75236 Uppsala, Sweden
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Affiliation(s)
- S. J. Dunn
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Idaho Moscow ID USA
| | - E. Clancey
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Idaho Moscow ID USA
| | - L. P. Waits
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources University of Idaho Moscow ID USA
| | - J. A. Byers
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Idaho Moscow ID USA
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Dunn SJ, Waits LP, Byers JA. Genetic versus census estimators of the opportunity for sexual selection in the wild. Am Nat 2012; 179:451-62. [PMID: 22437175 DOI: 10.1086/664626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The existence of a direct link between intensity of sexual selection and mating-system type is widely accepted. However, the quantification of sexual selection has proven problematic. Several measures of sexual selection have been proposed, including the operational sex ratio (OSR), the breeding sex ratio (BSR), and the opportunity for sexual selection (I(mates)). For a wild population of pronghorn (Antilocapra americana), we calculated OSR and BSR. We estimated I(mates) from census data on the spatial and temporal distribution of receptive females in rut and from a multigenerational genetic pedigree. OSR and BSR indicated weak sexual selection on males, but census and pedigree I(mates) suggested stronger sexual selection on males than on females. OSR and BSR correlated with census but not pedigree estimates of I(mates), and census I(mates) did not correlate with pedigree estimates. This suggests that the behavioral mating system, as deduced from the spatial and temporal distribution of females, does not predict the genetic mating system of pronghorn. The differences we observed between estimators were primarily due to female mate sampling and choice and to the sex ratio. For most species, behavioral data are not perfectly accurate and therefore will be an insufficient alternative to using multigenerational pedigrees to quantify sexual selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey J Dunn
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, P.O. Box 443051, Moscow, Idaho 83844, USA.
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Intra- and Intersexual Conflicts and Cooperation in the Evolution of Mating Strategies: Lessons Learnt From Ungulates. Evol Biol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-010-9105-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Delgado-Acevedo J, Zamorano A, DeYoung RW, Campbell TA, Hewitt DG, Long DB. Promiscuous mating in feral pigs (Sus scrofa) from Texas, USA. WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2010. [DOI: 10.1071/wr10052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context Feral pigs represent a significant threat to agriculture and ecosystems and are disease reservoirs for pathogens affecting humans, livestock and other wildlife. Information on the behavioural ecology of feral pigs might increase the efficiency and effectiveness of management strategies. Aims We assessed the frequency of promiscuous mating in relation to oestrous synchrony in feral pigs from southern Texas, USA, an agroecosystem with a widespread and well established population of feral pigs. An association between multiple paternity of single litters and synchrony of oestrous may indicate alternative mating strategies, such as mate-guarding. Methods We collected gravid sows at nine sites in southern Texas during 2005–07. We used a panel of DNA microsatellite markers to estimate frequency of multiple paternity and the distribution of male mating among litters of feral pigs. Conception dates were determined by fitting average fetal crown–rump measurements within litters to expected fetal development relative to gestation time. Key results We found evidence of multiple paternity in 21 of 64 litters (33%) from seven of nine sites sampled. Synchrony of oestrous did not influence promiscuous mating, as we found multiple paternity at sites with synchronous and asynchronous oestrous. Males sired from 8 to 11 offspring at three sites where >10 litters were sampled. Mean litter size (5.4) was less than the best-fit value for the number of offspring, indicating that some males sired offspring with ≥ 2 females. Key conclusions Feral pigs in Texas appear to be promiscuous under a range of demographic conditions, unlike wild boar and feral pigs in other regions. The ecological and behavioural factors affecting multiple paternity are not clear, but may include male–male competition, harassment avoidance, genetic benefits for offspring, response to macro-habitat conditions, or selection. Implications A high incidence of sexual contact among individuals may increase the opportunity for diseases transmitted by oral or venereal routes, such as swine brucellosis and pseudorabies. In addition, fertility-control methods targeting males only are likely to be inefficient if female promiscuity is high; methods targeting females or both sexes jointly may be more effective.
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Eccard JA, Wolf JB. Effects of brood size on multiple-paternity rates: a case for ‘paternity share’ as an offspring-based estimate. Anim Behav 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Poteaux C, Baubet E, Kaminski G, Brandt S, Dobson FS, Baudoin C. Socio-genetic structure and mating system of a wild boar population. J Zool (1987) 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2009.00553.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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VANPÉ C, KJELLANDER P, GAILLARD JM, COSSON JF, GALAN M, HEWISON AJM. Multiple paternity occurs with low frequency in the territorial roe deer, Capreolus capreolus. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2009.01196.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Dunn SJ, Byers JA. Determinants of Survival and Fecundity Through a Population Bottleneck in Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana). J Mammal 2008. [DOI: 10.1644/07-mamm-a-231.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Delgado R, Fernández-Llario P, Azevedo M, Beja-Pereira A, Santos P. Paternity assessment in free-ranging wild boar (Sus scrofa) – Are littermates full-sibs? Mamm Biol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2007.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Nielsen CLR, Nielsen CK. Multiple Paternity and Relatedness in Southern Illinois Raccoons (Procyon lotor). J Mammal 2007. [DOI: 10.1644/06-mamm-a-126r2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Portnoy DS, Piercy AN, Musick JA, Burgess GH, Graves JE. Genetic polyandry and sexual conflict in the sandbar shark, Carcharhinus plumbeus, in the western North Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico. Mol Ecol 2007; 16:187-97. [PMID: 17181730 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2006.03138.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To investigate patterns of polyandry in the sandbar shark (Carcharhinus plumbeus), 20 pregnant females were sampled from the western North Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico. Five species-specific microsatellite markers were used to genotype each shark and its litter. Of 20 litters, 17 (85%) were shown to have multiple sires. In multiply sired litters, the estimated minimum number of sires ranged from two to five with an average of 2.3 males per litter. Regression analysis did not demonstrate a significant relationship between female reproductive success and female body size or sire number and female body size. There was a high incidence of reproductive skew noted in litters, and two groups of males with significantly different mean reproductive success were observed. Analyses using Bateman's principles suggest that there is less direct benefit for females that acquire multiple mates than for males who bias paternity within litters. In light of past morphological and behavioural studies, these data suggest that patterns of polyandry in elasmobranchs may be determined by coercive mating, and that breeding behaviour has likely evolved in the context of sexual conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Portnoy
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, PO Box 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062-1346, USA.
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MOLECULAR APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF PARENTAGE, RELATEDNESS, AND FITNESS: PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS FOR WILD ANIMALS. J Wildl Manage 2005. [DOI: 10.2193/0022-541x(2005)69[1400:mattso]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Onorato DP, Hellgren EC, Van Den Bussche RA, Skiles, Jr. JR. Paternity and relatedness of American black bears recolonizing a desert montane island. CAN J ZOOL 2004. [DOI: 10.1139/z04-097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
American black bears (Ursus americanus (Pallas, 1780)) are characterized by female philopatry and male-biased dispersal, with predictable consequences for genetic structure of populations. We studied a recolonizing population of black bears on a desert montane island to test genetic-based predictions of bear social behavior. We assessed genetic paternity and relatedness among bears within Big Bend National Park, Texas, from 1998 to 2001 via maternally and biparentally inherited markers and field observations. Data from seven microsatellite loci permitted us to assign paternity for 7 of 12 cubs, and multiple paternity was revealed in one litter. Levels of relatedness in the Park were comparable to those found in a nearby large population in Coahuila, Mexico. Adult female bears in the Park were more closely related to each other than males were to each other. Microsatellite data were consistent with previous analyses of mtDNA sequences that indicated bears in the Mexico-Texas metapopulation exhibit male-biased dispersal. Demographic and genetic data provided a pedigree for 23 of 31 sampled bears and depicted the matriarchal structure of this recently recolonized population. Although females in this insular population are closely related to each other, as predicted by characteristics of ursine social ecology, incoming dispersal by unrelated males results in periodic supplementation of genetic variation.
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Sorin AB. PATERNITY ASSIGNMENT FOR WHITE-TAILED DEER (ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS): MATING ACROSS AGE CLASSES AND MULTIPLE PATERNITY. J Mammal 2004. [DOI: 10.1644/1545-1542(2004)085<0356:pafwdo>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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