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Boyd BM, Nguyen NP, Allen JM, Waterhouse RM, Vo KB, Sweet AD, Clayton DH, Bush SE, Shapiro MD, Johnson KP. Long-distance dispersal of pigeons and doves generated new ecological opportunities for host-switching and adaptive radiation by their parasites. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220042. [PMID: 35259992 PMCID: PMC8905168 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive radiation is an important mechanism of organismal diversification and can be triggered by new ecological opportunities. Although poorly studied in this regard, parasites are an ideal group in which to study adaptive radiations because of their close associations with host species. Both experimental and comparative studies suggest that the ectoparasitic wing lice of pigeons and doves have adaptively radiated, leading to differences in body size and overall coloration. Here, we show that long-distance dispersal by dove hosts was central to parasite diversification because it provided new ecological opportunities for parasites to speciate after host-switching. We further show that among extant parasite lineages host-switching decreased over time, with cospeciation becoming the more dominant mode of parasite speciation. Taken together, our results suggest that host dispersal, followed by host-switching, provided novel ecological opportunities that facilitated adaptive radiation by parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bret M Boyd
- Center for Biological Data Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Nam-Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Julie M Allen
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Robert M Waterhouse
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kyle B Vo
- Center for Biological Data Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Andrew D Sweet
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, USA
| | - Dale H Clayton
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sarah E Bush
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michael D Shapiro
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kevin P Johnson
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA
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2
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Reinhard KJ, Pucu de Araújo E, Searcey NA, Buikstra J, Morrow JJ. Automontage microscopy and SEM: A combined approach for documenting ancient lice. Micron 2020; 139:102931. [PMID: 33007471 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2020.102931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Human ectoparasites, including lice, have been recovered from a wide range of archaeological materials. The human head louse, Pediculus humanus capitis, has been identified from mummies and sediments for decades. Louse eggs are the body part most commonly encountered and therefore the most frequently quantified. Typically, several types of microscopy are applied for egg documentation. For studies in which quantification of infestation is a goal, counting is done with the naked eye or with the aid of handheld lenses. For determination and stage classification, stereomicroscopy is commonly used. For more detailed examination of microstructure, light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) can be employed. In most reports, researchers use two or more techniques to accomplish interrelated goals. Automontage microscopy is used to document prehistoric arthropods with good success. Herein, we report the results of a combination of SEM and automontage microscopy to document lice and eggs recovered from South American mummies. This combined approach allows for simultaneous examination of internal and external characteristics. Thirty automontage composite images of 2 adult lice and 16 eggs showed that egg internal morphologies were easily examined showing the within-egg anatomy of emergent nymphs. SEM imaging of 9 lice and 129 eggs was completed. In the case of two adults and several eggs, SEM imaging was accomplish after automontage image capture of the same specimens. This one-to-one image comparison of SEM and automontage shows that transmitted light of automontage reveals egg internal structures and details of the adult lice. SEM allows for high magnification examination of egg, nymph and adult microstructures. We conclude that automontage imaging followed by SEM results in efficient graphic documentation of rare louse specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl J Reinhard
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 68583-0987, USA.
| | - Elisa Pucu de Araújo
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Professor Hernani Melo 101, São Domingos, Niterói, RJ 24210- 130, Brazil.
| | - Nicole A Searcey
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Antofagasta, 1520 Arica, Chile.
| | - Jane Buikstra
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, 900 Cady Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.
| | - Johnica J Morrow
- Student Success Center, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Surbeck 143, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA.
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Brown EL, Wilson AS. Using evidence from hair and other soft tissues to infer the need for and receipt of health-related care provision. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2019; 25:91-98. [PMID: 30177456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Bioarchaeology of Care approach developed by Tilley is usually applied to skeletalized human remains, given the usual constraints of preservation bias that are seen with archaeological assemblages. However, other tissues, such as hair are sometimes preserved and can provide a wealth of information that can supplement the skeletal data. Archaeological hair has been analysed for drug compounds for almost thirty years. This article integrates data from hair analyses for coca metabolites, stable light isotope analysis and aDNA to expand the potential of the Bioarchaeology of Care approach using the example of a spontaneously mummified adult female from northern Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Brown
- School of Archaeological and Forensic Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom.
| | - Andrew S Wilson
- School of Archaeological and Forensic Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
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4
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Giordani G, Tuccia F, Floris I, Vanin S. First record of Phormia regina (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) from mummies at the Sant'Antonio Abate Cathedral of Castelsardo, Sardinia, Italy. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4176. [PMID: 29312816 PMCID: PMC5756611 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The studies of insects from archaeological contexts can provide an important supplement of information to reconstruct past events, climate and environments. Furthermore, the list of the species present in an area in the past allows the reconstruction of the entomofauna on that area at that time, that can be different from the nowadays condition, providing information about biodiversity changes. In this work, the results of a funerary archaeoentomological study on samples collected from mummified corpses discovered during the restoration of the crypt of the Sant’Antonio Abate Cathedral of Castelsardo (Sardinia, Italy) are reported. The majority of the sampled specimens were Diptera puparia, whereas only few Lepidoptera cocoons and some Coleoptera fragments were isolated. Among Diptera, Calliphoridae puparia were identified as Phormia regina (Meigen, 1826) and Calliphora vicina, (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) both species typical of the first colonization waves of exposed bodies. Three puparia fragments were also identified as belonging to a Sarcophaga Meigen, 1826, species (Sarcophagidae). Several Muscidae puparia of the species Hydrotaea capensis (Weidmermann, 1818), a late colonizer of bodies, and typical of buried bodies were also collected. The few moth (Lepidoptera) cocoons were identified as belonging to the family Tineidae. This family comprises species feeding on dry tissues and hair typical of the later phases of the human decomposition. Among Coleoptera a single specimen in the family Histeridae, Saprinus semistriatus (Scriba, 1790) and a single elytra, potentially of a species in the family Tenebrionidae, were also collected. Overall, the samples collected indicated an initial colonization of the bodies in an exposed context, mainly in a warm season. This research allows the finding of elements indicating the presence, at least in the past, of P. regina in Sardinia. This species at the moment seems extinct from Sardinia while it is quite common in the continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Giordani
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | - Fabiola Tuccia
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | - Ignazio Floris
- Dipartimento di Agraria - Sez. Patologia vegetale ed Entomologia, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Stefano Vanin
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Lice are a classic example of cospeciation. Human lice confirm this cospeciation with lice specialized in hominids which differ from those of gorillas and chimpanzees. Head lice and body lice seem to belong to closely related species with different ecotypes and a different geographical distribution which may reflect population movements. Paleo-entomology allows us in some cases to trace the migrations of archaic human populations. The analysis of lice found on mummies in Egypt and South America has clarified a certain number of these migrations, also the study of lice and the diseases they transmit has shed a new light on the epidemics of the past.
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Braga MV, Mendonça PM, Barbosa RR, Blomquist GJ, Novo SPC, Dutra JDMF, de Souza SM, Queiroz MMDC. Identification of Megaselia scalaris (Loew, 1866) (Diptera: Phoridae) in mummified human body from Itacambira (MG), Brazil, using scanning electron microscopy and cuticular hydrocarbons. J NAT HIST 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1113320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Vianna Braga
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica e Forense, IOC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paloma Martins Mendonça
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica e Forense, IOC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Rocha Barbosa
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica e Forense, IOC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gary James Blomquist
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Shênia Patricia Corrêa Novo
- Laboratório de Paleoparasitologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Matta Furniel Dutra
- Laboratório de Paleoparasitologia, Departamento de Endemias Samuel Pessoa (Densp), Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sheila Mendonça de Souza
- Laboratório de Paleoparasitologia, Departamento de Endemias Samuel Pessoa (Densp), Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Margareth Maria de Carvalho Queiroz
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica e Forense, IOC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Mestrado Profissional em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Severino Sombra, Vassouras, Brazil
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7
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Dutra JMF, Alves AD, Pessanha T, Rachid R, Souza WD, Linardi PM, Ferreira LF, Souza SMD, Araujo A. Prehistorical Pediculus humanus capitis infestation: quantitative data and low vacuum scanning microscopy. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2014; 56:115-9. [PMID: 24626412 PMCID: PMC4085847 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652014000200005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A pre-Columbian Peruvian scalp was examined decades ago by a researcher from the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Professor Olympio da Fonseca Filho described nits and adult lice attached to hair shafts and commented about the origin of head lice infestations on mankind. This same scalp was sent to our laboratory and is the subject of the present paper. Analysis showed a massive infestation with nine eggs/cm2 and an impressive number of very well preserved adult lice. The infestation age was roughly estimated as nine months before death based on the distance of nits from the hair root and the medium rate of hair growth. A small traditional textile was associated with the scalp, possibly part of the funerary belongings. Other morphological aspects visualized by low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy are also presented here for adults and nits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana M F Dutra
- Laboratório de Paleoparasitologia, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21041-210Rio de JaneiroRJ, Brazil, Laboratório de Paleoparasitologia, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, R. Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, Manguinhos, 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Tel.: +55 (21) 2598-2566
| | - Arthur Daniel Alves
- Laboratório de Paleoparasitologia, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21041-210Rio de JaneiroRJ, Brazil, Laboratório de Paleoparasitologia, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, R. Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, Manguinhos, 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Tel.: +55 (21) 2598-2566
| | - Thaila Pessanha
- Laboratório de Paleoparasitologia, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21041-210Rio de JaneiroRJ, Brazil, Laboratório de Paleoparasitologia, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, R. Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, Manguinhos, 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Tel.: +55 (21) 2598-2566
| | - Rachel Rachid
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902Rio de JaneiroRJ, Brazil, Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho s/n, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Wanderley de Souza
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902Rio de JaneiroRJ, Brazil, Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho s/n, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pedro Marcos Linardi
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 486, 30161-970Belo HorizonteMG, Brazil, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Caixa Postal 486, 30161-970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Ferreira
- Laboratório de Paleoparasitologia, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21041-210Rio de JaneiroRJ, Brazil, Laboratório de Paleoparasitologia, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, R. Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, Manguinhos, 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Tel.: +55 (21) 2598-2566
| | - Sheila Mendonça de Souza
- Laboratório de Paleoparasitologia, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21041-210Rio de JaneiroRJ, Brazil, Laboratório de Paleoparasitologia, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, R. Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, Manguinhos, 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Tel.: +55 (21) 2598-2566
| | - Adauto Araujo
- Laboratório de Paleoparasitologia, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21041-210Rio de JaneiroRJ, Brazil, Laboratório de Paleoparasitologia, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, R. Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, Manguinhos, 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Tel.: +55 (21) 2598-2566
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8
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Otranto D, Huchet JB, Giannelli A, Callou C, Dantas-Torres F. The enigma of the dog mummy from ancient Egypt and the origin of 'Rhipicephalus sanguineus'. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:2. [PMID: 24438558 PMCID: PMC3896854 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ticks belonging to the Rhipicephalus sanguineus group are amongst the most important vectors of pathogenic microorganisms to dogs and humans. However, the taxonomy of this species group is still the subject of debate, especially because there is no type specimen or reliable morphological description for Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu stricto. Recently, a comprehensive morphological and genetic study on representative tick specimens from Europe, Africa, Americas, and Oceania, revealed the existence of at least four morphologically and genetically distinct species under the name 'R. sanguineus' infesting dogs from different countries. METHODS Herein, we examined morphologically tick specimens retrieved on a dog mummy from Ancient Egypt (ca. 1st century - 4th century A.D.). The dog mummy and associated ticks were found during an archaeological expedition conducted in El Deir. RESULTS Scanning electron micrographs allowed us to assess their identity as belonging to the R. sanguineus group. In addition on the basis of the scutal punctation pattern, spiracular plates, width of dorsal tail of spiracular plates relative to the adjacent festoon, female genital aperture, male adanal plates and accessory shields, these ticks were tentatively identified as Rhipicephalus sp. II (=temperate species). CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that R. sanguineus group ticks have infested dogs living in the Mediterranean region since ancient times. This finding represents the oldest record of ticks on any animal species and adds a new piece in the complex puzzle regarding tick parasitism on dogs and humans and their role as vectors of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
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9
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Boutellis A, Drali R, Rivera MA, Mumcuoglu KY, Raoult D. Evidence of sympatry of clade a and clade B head lice in a pre-Columbian Chilean mummy from Camarones. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76818. [PMID: 24204678 PMCID: PMC3813697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Three different lineages of head lice are known to parasitize humans. Clade A, which is currently worldwide in distribution, was previously demonstrated to be present in the Americas before the time of Columbus. The two other types of head lice are geographically restricted to America and Australia for clade B and to Africa and Asia for clade C. In this study, we tested two operculated nits from a 4,000-year-old Chilean mummy of Camarones for the presence of the partial Cytb mitochondrial gene (270 bp). Our finding shows that clade B head lice were present in America before the arrival of the European colonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Boutellis
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes: URMITE, Aix Marseille Université, UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095. Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, France
| | - Rezak Drali
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes: URMITE, Aix Marseille Université, UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095. Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, France
| | - Mario A. Rivera
- Programa Identidad del Fin del Mundo. Universidad de Magallanes-Mineduc, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Kosta Y. Mumcuoglu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Didier Raoult
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes: URMITE, Aix Marseille Université, UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095. Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, France
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10
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Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), also referred to as sexually transmitted diseases, remain a growing worldwide problem and public health issue. This article covers the epidemiology of STIs, the history and physical findings, screening guidelines, and the general plan to combat STIs. Prevention is discussed using the latest information from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other references. Infections discussed from the standpoint of cause, epidemiology, risk factors, clinical disease, diagnosis, and treatment include gonorrhea, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, syphilis, chancroid, Herpes simplex, lymphogranuloma venereum, granuloma inguinale, Herpes papilloma virus, Molluscum contagiosum, and pubic lice.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Markle
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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11
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Forensic archaeoentomology—An insect fauna from a burial in York Minster. Forensic Sci Int 2012; 221:125-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Elston D. Treatment of infestations, vector-borne, and zoonotic diseases. Dermatol Ther 2009; 22:271-2. [PMID: 19580573 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8019.2009.01241.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Elston
- Department of Dermatology, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
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13
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Fornaciari G, Giuffra V, Marinozzi S, Picchi MS, Masetti M. "Royal" pediculosis in Renaissance Italy: lice in the mummy of the King of Naples Ferdinand II of Aragon (1467-1496). Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2009; 104:671-2. [DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762009000400026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gino Fornaciari
- Division of Paleopathology, History of Medicine and Bioethics
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14
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Anderson AL, Chaney E. Pubic lice (Pthirus pubis): history, biology and treatment vs. knowledge and beliefs of US college students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2009; 6:592-600. [PMID: 19440402 PMCID: PMC2672365 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph6020592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2008] [Accepted: 01/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pubic lice (Pthirus pubis) maintain a worldwide parasitic population infesting two to over 10 percent of human populations, continuing a presence that has been constant since early evidence 10,000 years ago. Outbreaks in the 1970s have been recorded, but incomplete records preclude description of a definitive population cycle. Current levels of infestation in a US college student population were investigated in this study. Knowledge and opinions of students were also recorded in an online survey administered to college students taking a basic health course at a mid-sized East Coast University. In a group of 817 students, 35 reported experience with pubic lice or other STD infection. Knowledge, beliefs, and treatment attitudes were examined for the 782 students who did not have experience with either pubic lice or STD infection. These students deemed antibiotics as a viable treatment for pubic lice infestation. They also indicated negative attitudes toward the use of pesticide crèmes, which are the most useful prescription. Symptoms and transmission myths in student answers are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice L Anderson
- Carol Belk Building, Department of Health Education and Promotion, Environmental Health Program, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieron S Leslie
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA.
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16
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Leslie KS, Levell NJ, Dove SLB. Cutaneous findings in mummies from the British Museum. J Vis Commun Med 2006; 28:156-62. [PMID: 16503568 DOI: 10.1080/01405110500527631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes pathological abnormalities visible on the skin of mummies in the British Museum, London, and the photographic methods used to record their appearances. Although the mummification process limits the clinical information available, features compatible with eczema were identified for only the second time in mummified remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Leslie
- Norfolk & Norwich Healthcare NHS Trust, UK
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieron S Leslie
- Institute of Paleodermatology, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK.
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18
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Abstract
Palaeomicrobiology is an emerging field that is devoted to the detection, identification and characterization of microorganisms in ancient remains. Data indicate that host-associated microbial DNA can survive for almost 20,000 years, and environmental bacterial DNA preserved in permafrost samples has been dated to 400,000-600,000 years. In addition to frozen and mummified soft tissues, bone and dental pulp can also be used to search for microbial pathogens. Various techniques, including microscopy and immunodetection, can be used in palaeomicrobiology, but most data have been obtained using PCR-based molecular techniques. Infections caused by bacteria, viruses and parasites have all been diagnosed using palaeomicrobiological techniques. Additionally, molecular typing of ancient pathogens could help to reconstruct the epidemiology of past epidemics and could feed into current models of emerging infections, therefore contributing to the development of appropriate preventative measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Drancourt
- Unité des Rickettsies, CNRS UMR 6020, IFR 48, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
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