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Montiel-González G, Franco-Robles E, García-Munguía CA, Valencia-Posadas M, Martínez-Jaime OA, López-Briones S, Gutiérrez-Chávez AJ. Co-infection by Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in Goats Reared in Extensive System of Mexico. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2024. [PMID: 38651633 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of the present study was to describe the presence of co-infection by Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in goats reared in extensive systems from Mexico. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the frequency of T. gondii and N. caninum, by detecting antibodies to each parasite by mean commercial ELISA kits. A total of 176 blood samples were randomly collected from mature females reared in extensive system herds from 20 municipalities of state of Guanajuato, Mexico. Results: The general seroprevalence was 23.9 and 21.0% for T. gondii and N. caninum, respectively, while co-infection rate was 3.6%. For geographic and environmental variables, no differences were observed among T. gondii and coinfection; however, it was observed that altitude, annual precipitation, annual average temperature, and rainy period showed significant differences with N. caninum seropositive goats. Conclusion: The seroprevalence of both parasites was appreciated in most of the studied herds. The present study is the first report of T. gondii and N. caninum co-infection in goats from extensive herds in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Montiel-González
- Programa de Doctorado en Biociencias, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Irapuato, México
| | - Elena Franco-Robles
- Programa de Doctorado en Biociencias, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Irapuato, México
- Departamento de Veterinaria y Zootecnia, División Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Irapuato, México
| | - Carlos A García-Munguía
- Programa de Doctorado en Biociencias, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Irapuato, México
- Departamento de Veterinaria y Zootecnia, División Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Irapuato, México
| | - Mauricio Valencia-Posadas
- Programa de Doctorado en Biociencias, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Irapuato, México
- Departamento de Veterinaria y Zootecnia, División Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Irapuato, México
| | - Oscar A Martínez-Jaime
- Departamento de Agronomía, División Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Irapuato, México
| | - Sergio López-Briones
- Programa de Doctorado en Biociencias, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Irapuato, México
- Departamento de Medicina y Nutrición. División de Ciencias de la Salud. Campus León, Universidad de Guanajuato, San Carlos, Mexico
| | - Abner J Gutiérrez-Chávez
- Programa de Doctorado en Biociencias, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Irapuato, México
- Departamento de Veterinaria y Zootecnia, División Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Irapuato, México
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Vitela-Mendoza I, Palacios-García N, Cruz-Vázquez C, Medina-Esparza L, Hernández-Rangel J. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII AND NEOSPORA CANINUM INFECTION IN GOATS FROM AGUASCALIENTES, MEXICO. J Parasitol 2023; 109:588-591. [PMID: 38104630 DOI: 10.1645/22-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infection by estimating seroprevalence and its association with certain risk factors in goats from Aguascalientes, Mexico. A total of 150 blood samples was taken from 10 farms and serum samples were subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indirect test to detect T. gondii and N. caninum antibodies; the association between seroprevalence and some potential risk factors was estimated through logistic regression analysis. The general seroprevalence for T. gondii was 12.6%, observed in the farms in a range of 6.6 to 60%, finding seropositive animals in 80% of them; for N. caninum the seroprevalence was 3.3% and in farms a range of 6.6 to 13.3% was identified and 30% of them had at least 1 seropositive animal. The coinfection was 0.66%. The risk analysis for T. gondii identified a history of abortions (odds ratio 9.25) as a factor associated with seroprevalence; for N. caninum, no risk factor was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Vitela-Mendoza
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico El Llano Aguascalientes, km. 18 carretera Aguascalientes-San Luis Potosí, 20330, El Llano, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Nancy Palacios-García
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico El Llano Aguascalientes, km. 18 carretera Aguascalientes-San Luis Potosí, 20330, El Llano, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Carlos Cruz-Vázquez
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico El Llano Aguascalientes, km. 18 carretera Aguascalientes-San Luis Potosí, 20330, El Llano, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Leticia Medina-Esparza
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico El Llano Aguascalientes, km. 18 carretera Aguascalientes-San Luis Potosí, 20330, El Llano, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Jesús Hernández-Rangel
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico El Llano Aguascalientes, km. 18 carretera Aguascalientes-San Luis Potosí, 20330, El Llano, Aguascalientes, México
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3
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Fatmawati M, Suwanti LT, Mufasirin M, Fong S, Valinata S, Subekti DT, Ekawasti F, Awad HAA. Serological survey of immunoglobulin G from Toxoplasma gondii infection in dairy goats in East Java, Indonesia. Vet World 2023; 16:1926-1932. [PMID: 37859950 PMCID: PMC10583878 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1926-1932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Toxoplasma gondii infection is a significant issue of veterinary public health because it is potentially transmitted through goat milk. Therefore, the use of control measures and routine monitoring of toxoplasmosis in dairy goats is necessary. Serological analysis using antibodies can detect T. gondii infection. This study aimed to conduct an epidemiological study of T. gondii in dairy goats using antibody detection and risk factor identification. Materials and Methods This was a cross-sectional study. We performed a serological analysis of T. gondii infection in dairy goats to evaluate the prevalence of toxoplasmosis. Random sampling was performed, including 132 lactating dairy goats. Toxoplasma-modified agglutination test was used as a serological test for immunoglobulin G with a sensitivity of 98.55%, specificity of 86.21%, and accuracy of 94.9%. A structured questionnaire was used to collect risk factor data, which were analyzed using the Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. The statistical package for the social sciences v. 21 was used for statistical analyses. Results The seroprevalence of T. gondii in Malang and Lumajang Regency was 100% and 90.7%, respectively. A significant difference in prevalence of T. gondii was observed between the two districts. Livestock management practices that significantly influenced T. gondii seroprevalence included water sources (p < 0.05; relative risk [RR] = 1.151; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.044-1.269). Farmers' characteristics that significantly influenced T. gondii seroprevalence included education (p < 0.05; RR = 1.125; 95% CI: 1.037-1.221), main occupation (p < 0.05; RR = 1.118; 95% CI: 1.035-1.207), and position in the organization of dairy goats farmers (p < 0.05; RR = 1.141; 95% CI: 1.022-1.274). Conclusion In East Java, the prevalence of T. gondii in dairy goats is high. This study provides detailed information regarding risk factors associated with T. gondii seroprevalence in dairy goats in East Java, Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Fatmawati
- Sains Veteriner Doctoral Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
- Laboratory of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Brawijaya University, Kalisongo, Malang District, Indonesia
| | - Lucia Tri Suwanti
- Division of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University; Mulyorejo, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
- Toxoplasma Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Mufasirin Mufasirin
- Division of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University; Mulyorejo, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
- Toxoplasma Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Sulinawati Fong
- Veterinary Disease Investigation Center, Bandar Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia
| | - Sisca Valinata
- Veterinary Disease Investigation Center, Bandar Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia
| | - Didik Tulus Subekti
- The Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Fitrine Ekawasti
- The Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Hana A. Ali Awad
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Omer Al Mukhtar University, Libya
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Ahaduzzaman M, Hasan T. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep and goats from different geographical regions of the world: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:3790-3822. [PMID: 36345796 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite which significantly impact small ruminant productivity, international animal trade and transboundary movement of animal across the globe. The seroprevalence of T. gondii infection (toxoplasmosis) in sheep and goats is widely studied in many parts of the world and there is a lack of comprehensive information on prevalence estimates considering the global and regional perspectives. The aim of the study was to use systematic review and meta-analysis methods to estimate the global and regional pooled seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in sheep and goats, as well as factors that influence prevalence estimations. Relevant articles reporting the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in sheep and/goats were searched in five electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase and ProQuest. After the publications were checked to verify they fit the inclusion criteria, a total of 225 articles were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, reflecting data from 70 countries/regions. The pooled prevalence was estimated using a random effect meta-analysis model. Overall, the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection was 33.86% (95% CI: 30.47-37.25%) in sheep and 31.78% (95% CI: 28.99-34.58%) in goats, with significant variation in prevalence estimates across geographical locations (p < .001). Substantial heterogeneity (I2 > 75%) was observed in most pooled seroprevalence estimates. The T. gondii infection in global sheep and goat population showed uptrend over the period. This information would be useful for epidemiologist, health authorities and farmers in order to plan future T. gondii survey and infection management strategies both locally and internationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ahaduzzaman
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Tanjila Hasan
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
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5
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Hajimohammadi B, Ahmadian S, Firoozi Z, Askari M, Mohammadi M, Eslami G, Askari V, Loni E, Barzegar-Bafrouei R, Boozhmehrani MJ. A Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence of Toxoplasmosis in Livestock and Poultry Worldwide. ECOHEALTH 2022; 19:55-74. [PMID: 35133541 PMCID: PMC8823692 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-022-01575-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii causes toxoplasmosis with a global prevalence in the world. A large proportion of human illness is most frequently associated with consuming raw and undercooked meat or other animal products containing infective parasitic stages of T. gondii. This systematic review and meta-analysis study evaluated the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in cattle, sheep, camels, goats, and poultry worldwide. The search was performed in databases including PubMed, WoS, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and ISC from 2000 to 2019 in Persian and English. The main inclusion criteria were the prevalence of toxoplasmosis among livestock and poultry and the prevalence indices by sample size. During these 20 years, the overall prevalence of toxoplasmosis in livestock and poultry was 28.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) 25-31.9%) using the random-effects meta-analysis model. The highest prevalence of T. gondii in livestock and poultry animals was found in Asia in 2014 with 89.8% (95% CI 78.5-95.5%). The lowest prevalence was found in Asia in 2013 with 1.26% (95% CI 0.4-3.8%). A quarter of livestock and poultry were infected with T. gondii. Since livestock products are globally important sources of people's diet, our findings are useful for policymakers to control T. gondii infection in livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahador Hajimohammadi
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Shohadaye Gomnam Blvd., Yazd, 8916188638, Islamic Republic of Iran
- Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Salman Ahmadian
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Zohre Firoozi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Maryam Askari
- Diabetes Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Masoud Mohammadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| | - Gilda Eslami
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Shohadaye Gomnam Blvd., Yazd, 8916188638, Islamic Republic of Iran.
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Vahideh Askari
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Shohadaye Gomnam Blvd., Yazd, 8916188638, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Elahe Loni
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Shohadaye Gomnam Blvd., Yazd, 8916188638, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Raziyeh Barzegar-Bafrouei
- Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Boozhmehrani
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Dubey JP, Murata FHA, Cerqueira-Cézar CK, Kwok OCH. Public health and economic importance of Toxoplasma gondii infections in goats: The last decade. Res Vet Sci 2020; 132:292-307. [PMID: 32711218 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii infections are common in humans and animals worldwide. Toxoplasmosis in goats continues to be of public health and economic concern. The present review summarizes worldwide information on the prevalence of clinical and subclinical infections, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and genetic diversity of T. gondii in goats in the past decade. There is debate and uncertainty regarding excretion of T. gondii in milk and the ingestion of raw milk as sources of T. gondii infection for humans. Toxoplasmosis can cause abortion and deaths even in adult goats. PCR-RFLP typing of T. gondii DNA derived from viable T. gondii isolates has revealed genetic diversity in goats in North and South America. The significance of T. gondii isolates in domestic goats usually associated with wildlife in USA is discussed. This review will be of interest to biologists, parasitologists, veterinarians, and public health workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Dubey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA.
| | - F H A Murata
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
| | - C K Cerqueira-Cézar
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
| | - O C H Kwok
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
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7
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Stelzer S, Basso W, Benavides Silván J, Ortega-Mora L, Maksimov P, Gethmann J, Conraths F, Schares G. Toxoplasma gondii infection and toxoplasmosis in farm animals: Risk factors and economic impact. Food Waterborne Parasitol 2019; 15:e00037. [PMID: 32095611 PMCID: PMC7033994 DOI: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2019.e00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite that can be transmitted from animals to humans. Felids, including domestic cats, are definitive hosts that can shed oocysts with their feces. In addition to infections that occur by accidental oral uptake of food or water contaminated with oocysts, it is assumed that a large proportion of affected humans may have become infected by consuming meat or other animal products that contained infective parasitic stages of T. gondii. Since farm animals represent a direct source of infection for humans, but also a possible reservoir for the parasite, it is important to control T. gondii infections in livestock. Moreover, T. gondii may also be pathogenic to livestock where it could be responsible for considerable economic losses in some regions and particular farming systems, e.g. in areas where the small ruminant industry is relevant. This review aims to summarize actual knowledge on the prevalence and effects of infections with T. gondii in the most important livestock species and on the effects of toxoplasmosis on livestock. It also provides an overview on potential risk factors favoring infections of livestock with T. gondii. Knowledge on potential risk factors is prerequisite to implement effective biosecurity measures on farms to prevent T. gondii infections. Risk factors identified by many studies are cat-related, but also those associated with a potential contamination of fodder or water, and with access to a potentially contaminated environment. Published information on the costs T. gondii infections cause in livestock production, is scarce. The most recent peer reviewed reports from Great Britain and Uruguay suggest annual cost of about 5-15 million US $ per country. Since these estimates are outdated, future studies are needed to estimate the present costs due to toxoplasmosis in livestock. Further, the fact that T. gondii infections in livestock may affect human health needs to be considered and the respective costs should also be estimated, but this is beyond the scope of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Stelzer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - W. Basso
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - J. Benavides Silván
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León) Grulleros, 24346 León, Spain
| | - L.M. Ortega-Mora
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P. Maksimov
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - J. Gethmann
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - F.J. Conraths
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - G. Schares
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
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Fortes MS, Lopes-Mori FMR, Caldart ET, Constantino C, Evers F, Pagliari S, de Almeida JC, Barros LD, Freire RL, Garcia JL, Headley SA, Navarro IT. Caprine toxoplasmosis in Southern Brazil: a comparative seroepidemiological study between the indirect immunofluorescence assay, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the modified agglutination test. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 50:413-419. [PMID: 29079943 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1450-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Zhang N, Wang S, Wang D, Li C, Zhang Z, Yao Z, Li T, Xie Q, Liu S, Zhang H. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection and risk factors in domestic sheep in Henan province, central China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 23:53. [PMID: 27882868 PMCID: PMC5134671 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2016064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Sheep are highly susceptible to infections with Toxoplasma gondii and play a major role in the transmission of toxoplasmosis to humans. In the present study, 779 serum samples from sheep were collected from Henan province, central China from March 2015 to May 2016, and antibodies to T. gondii were detected by modified agglutination test (MAT). The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii in sheep was 12.71% (99/779). The risk factors significantly associated with T. gondii seroprevalence were the geographical origin, age, presence of cats, and the rearing system. This is the first report of T. gondii infection in sheep in Henan province, central China, and of an association of seropositivity to T. gondii with risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China - Xinxiang Assegal Medical Examination Institute, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Chaoying Li
- Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Zhenchao Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Zhijun Yao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Tingting Li
- The Fourth Clinical College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Qing Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Shiguo Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Haizhu Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
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Hernández-Cortazar I, Acosta-Viana KY, Ortega-Pacheco A, Guzman-Marin EDS, Aguilar-Caballero AJ, Jiménez-Coello M. Toxoplasmosis in Mexico: epidemiological situation in humans and animals. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2016; 57:93-103. [PMID: 25923887 PMCID: PMC4435006 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652015000200001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease widely distributed throughout the world,
infecting a wide variety of animal species including humans. In Mexico, this parasite
has been detected in different parts of the country, particularly in the tropical
areas where the parasite can remain infective for long periods of time due to the
environmental conditions (i.e. high temperature and humidity over the whole year).
Several epidemiological studies have been conducted in both human and animal
populations, but despite the wide distribution of the agent in the country, there is
a significant lack of knowledge on the parasite transmission, treatment alternatives
and control measures. The lack of feral cat populations and control measures in sites
of meat production for human consumption are playing a role that has led to the wide
spread of the disease in the country, particularly in tropical areas of Southeastern
Mexico. For these reasons, this manuscript aims to review the published information
on relevant epidemiological aspects of infection with T. gondii in
humans and animals from Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne Hernández-Cortazar
- CA Biomedicina de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Karla Y Acosta-Viana
- CA Biomedicina de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Antonio Ortega-Pacheco
- CA Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Eugenia del S Guzman-Marin
- CA Biomedicina de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Armando J Aguilar-Caballero
- CA Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Matilde Jiménez-Coello
- CA Biomedicina de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
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Alvarado-Esquivel C, Pacheco-Vega SJ, Hernández-Tinoco J, Sánchez-Anguiano LF, Berumen-Segovia LO, Rodríguez-Acevedo FJI, Beristain-García I, Rábago-Sánchez E, Liesenfeld O, Campillo-Ruiz F, Güereca-García OA. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection and associated risk factors in Huicholes in Mexico. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:301. [PMID: 24984845 PMCID: PMC4226977 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Very little is known about the seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in ethnic groups in Mexico. Huicholes are an indigenous ethnic group living in a remote mountainous region in Mexico. We sought to determine the prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies in Huicholes; and to determine the association of Toxoplasma seropositivity with socio-demographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics of Huicholes. Methods We performed a cross sectional survey in Huicholes from September 2013 to January 2014. A convenience sampling method was used. We investigated the prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies in 214 Huicholes using enzyme-linked immunoassays. A standardized questionnaire was used to obtain the characteristics of the Huicholes. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess the association of Toxoplasma exposure and Huicholes’ characteristics. Results Of the 214 Huicholes studied (mean age: 37.98 ± 15.80 years), 71 (33.2%) were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies and 47 (66.2%) of them were also positive for anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies. Seroprevalence of T. gondii infection did not vary with age, sex, or occupation. However, seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies was significantly higher in female than in male Huicholes. Multivariate analysis of socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics showed that T. gondii exposure was associated with consumption of turkey meat (OR = 2.28; 95% CI: 1.16-4.46; P = 0.01). In addition, seroprevalence of T. gondii infection was significantly higher in Huicholes suffering from dizziness and memory impairment than those without such clinical characteristics. Conclusions Our results demonstrate serological evidence of T. gondii exposure among Huicholes which may be impacting their health. Results of this first study of T. gondii infection in Huicholes may be useful for the design of optimal preventive measures against infection with T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosme Alvarado-Esquivel
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition, Juárez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad S/N, 34000 Durango, Dgo, Mexico.
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Seroprevalence, detection of DNA in blood and milk, and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in a goat population in Italy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:905326. [PMID: 24093106 PMCID: PMC3777175 DOI: 10.1155/2013/905326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is the causative agent of a major zoonosis with cosmopolitan distribution and is known to be transmitted mainly by the ingestion of undercooked or raw animal products. Drinking unpasteurized goat's milk is a risk factor associated with human toxoplasmosis. However, very little is known about the excretion of DNA in goat milk. Aim of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection using a modified agglutination test (MAT), to detect T. gondii DNA by nested-PCR (n-PCR) in samples of blood and milk from seropositive goats, and to genotype DNA isolates using 11 molecular markers in 127 adult lactating goats from 6 farms in Italy. Positive MAT results were found in 60.6% of goats while 13% of blood and milk samples from seropositive goats were positive to n-PCR. A kappa coefficient of 1 indicated a perfect agreement between blood and milk n-PCR. Genetic characterization of isolates revealed the occurrence of genotype III (n = 7), genotype I (n = 1), and atypical genotypes with hints for genotype I (n = 2). Our results suggest that the risk of excretion of Toxoplasma tachyzoites might frequently occur in milk of seropositive goats testing positive to n-PCR on blood.
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Abstract
A risk ranking process identified Toxoplasma gondii and pathogenic verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) as the most relevant biological hazards for meat inspection of sheep and goats. As these are not detected by traditional meat inspection, a meat safety assurance system using risk-based interventions was proposed. Further studies are required on T. gondii and pathogenic VTEC. If new information confirms these hazards as a high risk to public health from meat from sheep or goats, setting targets at carcass level should be considered. Other elements of the system are risk-categorisation of flocks/herds based on improved Food Chain Information (FCI), classification of abattoirs according to their capability to reduce faecal contamination, and use of improved process hygiene criteria. It is proposed to omit palpation and incision from post-mortem inspection in animals subjected to routine slaughter. For chemical hazards, dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls were ranked as being of high potential concern. Monitoring programmes for chemical hazards should be more flexible and based on the risk of occurrence, taking into account FCI, which should be expanded to reflect the extensive production systems used, and the ranking of chemical substances, which should be regularly updated and include new hazards. Control programmes across the food chain, national residue control plans, feed control and monitoring of environmental contaminants should be better integrated. Meat inspection is a valuable tool for surveillance and monitoring of animal health and welfare conditions. Omission of palpation and incision would reduce detection effectiveness for tuberculosis and fasciolosis at animal level. Surveillance of tuberculosis at the slaughterhouse in small ruminants should be improved and encouraged, as this is in practice the only surveillance system available. Extended use of FCI could compensate for some, but not all, the information on animal health and welfare lost if only visual post-mortem inspection is applied.
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