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García Carnero LC, Pinzan CF, Diehl C, de Castro PA, Pontes L, Rodrigues AM, Dos Reis TF, Goldman GH. Milteforan, a promising veterinary commercial product against feline sporotrichosis. Microbiol Spectr 2024:e0047424. [PMID: 39194287 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00474-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Sporotrichosis, the cutaneous mycosis most commonly reported in Latin America, is caused by the Sporothrix clinical clade species, including Sporothrix brasiliensis and Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto. Due to its zoonotic transmission in Brazil, S. brasiliensis represents a significant health threat to humans and domestic animals. Itraconazole, terbinafine, and amphotericin B are the most used antifungals for treating sporotrichosis. However, many strains of S. brasiliensis and S. schenckii have shown resistance to these agents, highlighting the importance of finding new therapeutic options. Here, we demonstrate that milteforan, a commercial veterinary product against dog leishmaniasis, whose active principle is miltefosine, is a possible therapeutic alternative for the treatment of sporotrichosis, as observed by its fungicidal activity in vitro against different strains of S. brasiliensis and S. schenckii. Fluorescent miltefosine localizes to the Sporothrix cell membrane and mitochondria and causes cell death through increased permeabilization. Milteforan decreases S. brasiliensis fungal burden in A549 pulmonary cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages and also has an immunomodulatory effect by decreasing TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 production. Our results suggest milteforan as a possible alternative to treat feline sporotrichosis. IMPORTANCE Sporotrichosis is an endemic disease in Latin America caused by different species of Sporothrix. This fungus can infect domestic animals, mainly cats and eventually dogs, as well as humans. Few drugs are available to treat this disease, such as itraconazole, terbinafine, and amphotericin B, but resistance to these agents has risen in the last few years. Alternative new therapeutic options to treat sporotrichosis are essential. Here, we propose milteforan, a commercial veterinary product against dog leishmaniasis, whose active principle is miltefosine, as a possible therapeutic alternative for treating sporotrichosis. Milteforan decreases S. brasiliensis fungal burden in human and mouse cells and has an immunomodulatory effect by decreasing several cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C García Carnero
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Camila Figueiredo Pinzan
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Camila Diehl
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Patricia Alves de Castro
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lais Pontes
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Anderson Messias Rodrigues
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Human Pathogenic Fungi, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaila F Dos Reis
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Gustavo H Goldman
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Human Pathogenic Fungi, São Paulo, Brazil
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Suckow MA, Bolton ID, McDowell MA. Overview and Approaches for Handling of Animal Models of Leishmaniasis. Comp Med 2024; 74:148-155. [PMID: 39107941 PMCID: PMC11267445 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-24-029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis, a disease of global relevance, results from infection with the protozoan parasite, Leishmania, which is transmitted to susceptible hosts through the bite of sand flies. Multiple forms of leishmaniasis may occur, including cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral. Research with animal models remains an important approach to help define basic pathophysi- ologic processes associated with infection and disease. In this regard, mice and hamsters represent the most commonly used models. The severity of leishmaniasis in animal models depends on several factors, including genotype of the host and parasite and the dose and route of administration of the parasite to the host, and severity of outcome may range from subclinical to severe illness. This review provides basic background on leishmaniasis, relevant animal models, the pathophysiology and clinical signs in animals used as models of leishmaniasis, and general approaches to mitigate risk to personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Suckow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Iris D Bolton
- Freimann Life Science Center, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana; and
| | - Mary Ann McDowell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
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Carnero LCG, Dos Reis TF, Diehl C, de Castro PA, Pontes L, Pinzan CF, Goldman GH. Milteforan, a promising veterinary commercial product against feline sporotrichosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.14.580352. [PMID: 38405873 PMCID: PMC10888911 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.14.580352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Sporotrichosis, the cutaneous mycosis most commonly reported in Latin America, is caused by the Sporothrix clinical clade species, including Sporothrix brasiliensis and Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto. In Brazil, S. brasiliensis represents a vital health threat to humans and domestic animals due to its zoonotic transmission. Itraconazole, terbinafine, and amphotericin B are the most used antifungals for treating sporotrichosis. However, many strains of S. brasiliensis and S. schenckii have shown resistance to these agents, highlighting the importance of finding new therapeutic options. Here, we demonstrate that milteforan, a commercial veterinary product against dog leishmaniasis whose active principle is miltefosine, is a possible therapeutic alternative for the treatment of sporotrichosis, as observed by its fungicidal activity in vitro against different strains of S. brasiliensis and S. schenckii, and by its antifungal activity when used to treat infected epithelial cells and macrophages. Our results suggest milteforan as a possible alternative to treat feline sporotrichosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C García Carnero
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Thaila F Dos Reis
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Camila Diehl
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Patricia Alves de Castro
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lais Pontes
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Camila Figueiredo Pinzan
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Gustavo H Goldman
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Troncoso ME, Germanó MJ, Arrieta VJ, García Bustos MF, Cifuente D, Cargnelutti DE, Lozano ES. Antiparasitic Activity of Two Natural Terpenes from Salvia cuspidata against Leishmania amazonensis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:797-803. [PMID: 36857574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease caused by flagellated parasites of the Leishmania genus affecting more than 10 million people worldwide. Current treatments for leishmaniasis involve the administration of poorly tolerated drugs with toxic side effects in patients. There is an imperative necessity for novel compounds to treat this disease. One of the most used strategies in the search for different antiparasitic compounds is the screening of purified plant molecules. The diterpenes 12-hydroxy-11,14-diketo-6,8,12-abietatrien-19,20-olide (HABTO) and 5-epi-icetexone (ICTX) isolated from Salvia cuspidata were shown to be effective against Leishmania amazonensis in vitro and in vivo. They displayed an antiproliferative effect against L. amazonensis promastigotes. They also induce an increase in ROS levels and affect the mitochondrial activity of parasites. HABTO and ICTX in an in vivo model of cutaneous leishmaniasis decrease footpad swelling, parasite load, and splenic index. Moreover, they induce significant reduction in the O.D. of total anti-Leishmania IgG and IgG1 subtype antibody responses against L. amazonensis compared to the PBS group but maintain high levels of IgG2a. This suggests that in HABTO- or ICTX-treated mice, there is a slowdown in the progression of the disease. These terpenes could be considered as possible novel antileishmanial agents against L. amazonensis and thus treat cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Elizabeth Troncoso
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Mendoza, 5500, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, M5502, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Mendoza, Mendoza, M5502BZG, Argentina
| | - María José Germanó
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Mendoza, 5500, Argentina
| | - Victoria J Arrieta
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Mendoza, 5500, Argentina
| | - María Fernanda García Bustos
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Patología Experimental, Salta, A4408FVY, Argentina
| | - Diego Cifuente
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigación en Tecnología Química, San Luis, 78216, Argentina
| | - Diego E Cargnelutti
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Mendoza, 5500, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, M5502, Argentina
| | - Esteban S Lozano
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Mendoza, 5500, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, M5502, Argentina
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Miltefosine as a PPM1A activator improves AD-like pathology in mice by alleviating tauopathy via microglia/neurons crosstalk. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 26:100546. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Peralta MF, Usseglio NA, Bracamonte ME, Guzmán ML, Olivera ME, Marco JD, Barroso PA, Carrer DC. Efficacy of topical Miltefosine formulations in an experimental model of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:180-196. [PMID: 33502733 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00896-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease endemic in ~ 90 countries, with an increasing incidence. Presently available pharmacotherapy implies the systemic administration of moderately/very toxic drugs. Miltefosine (Milt) is the only FDA-approved drug to treat CL via the oral route (Impavido®). It produces side effects; in particular, teratogenic effects are of concern. A topical treatment would have the great advantage of minimising the systemic circulation of the drug, preventing side effects. We prepared dispersions containing Milt and liposomes of different compositions to enhance/modulate trans-epidermal penetration and evaluated in vitro and in vivo efficacy and toxicity, in vitro release rate of the drug and particles size stability with time. Treatments were topically administered to BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. The dispersions containing 0.5% Milt eliminated 99% of the parasites and cured the lesions with a complete re-epithelisation, no visible scar and re-growth of hair. Fluid liposomes decreased the time to heal the lesion and the time needed to eliminate viable amastigotes from the lesion site. Relapse of the infection was not found 1 month after treatment in any case. Ultraflexible liposomes on the other hand had no significant in vitro effect but decreased in vivo efficacy. A topical Milt formulation including fluid liposomes seems a promising treatment against CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Florencia Peralta
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC- CONICET- UNC, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nadina A Usseglio
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC- CONICET- UNC, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, UNITEFA - CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ma Estefanía Bracamonte
- Instituto de Patología Experimental - CONICET - , Universidad Nacional de Salta, 4400, Salta, Argentina
| | - Ma Laura Guzmán
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, UNITEFA - CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ma Eugenia Olivera
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, UNITEFA - CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - J Diego Marco
- Instituto de Patología Experimental - CONICET - , Universidad Nacional de Salta, 4400, Salta, Argentina
| | - Paola A Barroso
- Instituto de Patología Experimental - CONICET - , Universidad Nacional de Salta, 4400, Salta, Argentina
| | - Dolores C Carrer
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC- CONICET- UNC, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Lozano ES, Germanó MJ, Troncoso ME, García Bustos MF, Luques CG, Cargnelutti DE. Therapeutic effect of Prosopis strombulifera (LAM) BENTH aqueous extract on a murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 12:281-286. [PMID: 35493311 PMCID: PMC9039096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Prosopis strombulifera (Lam.) Benth is a rhizomatous shrub native from different zones of Argentine Republic. P. strombulifera aqueous extract (PsAE) has different effects and several biological activities have been reported. The goal of this study was to analyze the activity of PsAE on a murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania amazonensis. Experimental procedure PsAE was orally administered at 150 mg/animal/day on BALB/c mice infected in the right footpad (RFP) with 1 × 105 promastigotes of L. amazonensis. As a chemotherapeutic control of treatment, animals receive a commercial form of meglumine antimoniate (MA) (Glucantime®, Aventis, Paris, France). Results and conclusion We observe that the size of RFP lesions of infected mice without treatment showed a grade of inflammation, ulceration and necrosis at the site of infection much greater than that observed with PsAE or MA treatment. Moreover, PsAE was capable of decreasing parasite burden and splenic index. Furthermore, PsAE treated mice showed a significant decrease in O.D. of total anti-Leishmania IgG antibody responses against L. amazonensis. This decrease was similar to those observed when the reference drug, MA, was used. This would indicate that PsAE treatment inhibits or delays disease progression in mice. In conclusion, our findings suggest that PsAE could be a potential candidate to be used, as a new therapeutic strategy, to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. amazonensis. Prosopis strombulifera aqueous extract (PsAE) has antileishmanial effect. PsAE treatment reduces inflammation and ulceration at the site of infection. PsAE decreased parasite burden and splenic index. PsAE decreased total anti-Leishmania IgG antibody responses against L. amazonensis. PsAE produces a switch to Th1 humoral immune response after infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Sebastián Lozano
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Mendoza, Argentina
- Corresponding author. Av. Ruiz Leal s/n Parque General San Martín, Mendoza CP, 5500, Argentina.
| | - María José Germanó
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Mariana Elizabeth Troncoso
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Mendoza, Argentina
- Universidad de Mendoza, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - María Fernanda García Bustos
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Patología Experimental, Salta, Argentina
| | - Carlos Gamarra Luques
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Diego Esteban Cargnelutti
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Mendoza, Argentina
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Morais PAB, Francisco CS, de Paula H, Ribeiro R, Eloy MA, Javarini CL, Neto ÁC, Júnior VL. Semisynthetic Triazoles as an Approach in the Discovery of Novel Lead Compounds. CURR ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272825666210126100227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Historically, medicinal chemistry has been concerned with the approach of organic
chemistry for new drug synthesis. Considering the fruitful collections of new molecular entities,
the dedicated efforts for medicinal chemistry are rewarding. Planning and search for new
and applicable pharmacologic therapies involve the altruistic nature of the scientists. Since
the 19th century, notoriously applying isolated and characterized plant-derived compounds in
modern drug discovery and various stages of clinical development highlight its viability and
significance. Natural products influence a broad range of biological processes, covering transcription,
translation, and post-translational modification, being effective modulators of most
basic cellular processes. The research of new chemical entities through “click chemistry”
continuously opens up a map for the remarkable exploration of chemical space towards leading
natural products optimization by structure-activity relationship. Finally, in this review, we expect to gather a
broad knowledge involving triazolic natural product derivatives, synthetic routes, structures, and their biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Alves Bezerra Morais
- Centro de Ciencias Exatas, Naturais e da Saude, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, 29500000, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Carla Santana Francisco
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Quimica, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, 29075910, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Heberth de Paula
- Centro de Ciencias Exatas, Naturais e da Saude, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, 29500000, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Rayssa Ribeiro
- Programa de Pos- Graduacao em Agroquimica, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, 29500000, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Mariana Alves Eloy
- Programa de Pos- Graduacao em Agroquimica, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, 29500000, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Clara Lirian Javarini
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Quimica, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, 29075910, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Cunha Neto
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Quimica, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, 29075910, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Valdemar Lacerda Júnior
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Quimica, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, 29075910, Vitória, ES, Brazil
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Overcoming the Challenge; In Vivo Efficacy of Miltefosine for Chronic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:354-360. [PMID: 32996014 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-020-00285-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is the most common form of leishmaniasis. CL can be divided into two major groups: acute CL (ACL) and chronic CL (CCL). The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of miltefosin and pentavalent antimony compounds in vivo with the CCL patient samples. MATERIALS Three study groups were formed, each consisting of five male Mus musculus (Balb/C) mice. In this model, promastigotes from the culture of a CCL patient were utilized. 100 μL L. tropica promastigote suspension with a density of 108 promastigotes/ml were injected into the hint-right footpad of each experimental animal intradermally. Footpads of the mice were measured every two weeks until 24th week. From the 13th week, miltefosin 50 mg/kg/day was administered orally using gavage for 21 days, Meglumin antimoniate (MA) was administered by intramuscular (IM) injection daily for 21 days at 50 mg/kg/day and saline was administered IM for 21 days for the miltefosine, MA and control group, respectively. RESULTS The footpad measurements of the miltefosine group were lower than the control group statistically. Between the MA group and the miltefosine group and MA group and the control group, there was no statistically significant difference. Giemsa stained slides revealed amastigotes in one, two and all of the slides for the miltefosine, MA and control group, respectively. Molecular tests were performed with the Rotor-Gene device and L. tropica consistent peaks were obtained in one of the miltefosine group, four in the MA group and all mice in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Demonstration of both clinical and laboratory improvement in four of the five experimental animals provides strong evidence that miltefosine is an effective drug in the treatment of CCL. In the literature, no clinical or laboratory studies using miltefosine have been performed with CCL patients only.
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Ventin F, Cincurá C, Machado PRL. Safety and efficacy of miltefosine monotherapy and pentoxifylline associated with pentavalent antimony in treating mucosal leishmaniasis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2018; 16:219-225. [PMID: 29411659 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2018.1436967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mucosal Leishmaniasis (ML) is a difficult to treat and severe form of Leishmaniasis. In general, more than 40% of subjects with ML have therapeutic failure upon the use of pentavalent antimony (Sbv) at 20mg/kg/day during 30 days. Additionally, Sbv is a toxic drug that requires parenteral administration, and many patients will need several courses to be cured. In cases that cannot be treated or cured by Sbv, the alternative is amphotericin B, another toxic and parenteral drug. As a consequence, many ML patients will be cured only after years of disease and may present several morbidities due to the aggressiveness of the disease or toxicity related to the treatment. Areas covered: We aimed to review clinical trials with Miltefosine or Sbv associated with pentoxifylline in the treatment of ML. Expert commentary: There are few studies to define more effective and safer therapy in mucosal disease caused by Leishmania, with an urgent need to supporting and funding well designed trials. Miltefosine monotherapy, as well as pentoxifylline combined with Sbv are promising therapeutic approaches to increase the cure rate of this neglected disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Ventin
- a Serviço de Imunologia , Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos , Salvador , Brazil
| | - Carolina Cincurá
- a Serviço de Imunologia , Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos , Salvador , Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Lima Machado
- a Serviço de Imunologia , Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos , Salvador , Brazil.,b Serviço de Imunologia , National Institute of Science and Technology in Tropical Diseases (INCT-DT), CNPq/MCT , Salvador , Brazil
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11
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Teixeira RR, Gazolla PAR, da Silva AM, Borsodi MPG, Bergmann BR, Ferreira RS, Vaz BG, Vasconcelos GA, Lima WP. Synthesis and leishmanicidal activity of eugenol derivatives bearing 1,2,3-triazole functionalities. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 146:274-286. [PMID: 29407957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, it is described the synthesis and the evaluation of the leishmanicidal activity of twenty-six eugenol derivatives bearing 1,2,3-triazole functionalities. The evaluation of the compounds on promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis (WHOM/BR/75/Josefa) showed that eugenol derivatives present leishmanicidal activities with varying degrees of effectiveness. The most active compound, namely 4-(3-(4-allyl-2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl)-1-(4-methylbenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole (7k) (IC50 = 7.4 ± 0.8 μmol L-1), also targeted Leishmania parasites inside peritoneal macrophages (IC50 = 1.6 μmol L-1) without interfering with cell viability. The cytotoxicity of 7k against macrophage cells presented IC50 of 211.9 μmol L-1 and the selective index was equal to 132.5. Under similar conditions, compound 7k was more effective than glucantime and pentamidine, two drugs currently in the clinic. In addition, theoretical calculations showed that this compound also presents most physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties within the ranges expected for orally available drugs. It is believed that eugenol bearing 1,2,3-triazole functionalities may represent a scaffold to be explored toward the development of new agents to treat leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róbson Ricardo Teixeira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Adalberto Manoel da Silva
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Catarinense, Campus Araquari Rodovia BR 280, Km 27, Cx. Postal 21, Araquari, SC, 89245-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Paula Gonçalves Borsodi
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco I2-038, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bartira Rossi Bergmann
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco I2-038, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Salgado Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Boniek Gontijo Vaz
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Av. Esperança, S/N, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, 74690-970, GO, Brazil
| | - Géssica Adriana Vasconcelos
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Av. Esperança, S/N, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, 74690-970, GO, Brazil
| | - Wallace Pacienza Lima
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco I2-038, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
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12
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Pereira WL, de Souza Vasconcellos R, Mariotini-Moura C, Saar Gomes R, Firmino RDC, da Silva AM, Silva Júnior A, Bressan GC, Almeida MR, Crocco Afonso LC, Teixeira RR, Lopes Rangel Fietto J. The Antileishmanial Potential of C-3 Functionalized Isobenzofuranones against Leishmania (Leishmania) Infantum Chagasi. Molecules 2015; 20:22435-44. [PMID: 26694330 PMCID: PMC6332184 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniases are diseases caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. Clinically, leishmaniases range from cutaneous to visceral forms, with estimated global incidences of 1.2 and 0.4 million cases per year, respectively. The treatment of these diseases relies on multiple parenteral injections with pentavalent antimonials or amphotericin B. However, these pharmaceuticals are either too toxic or expensive for routine use in developing countries. These facts call for safer, cheaper, and more effective new antileishmanial drugs. In this investigation, we describe the results of the assessment of the activities of a series of isobenzofuran-1(3H)-ones (phtalides) against Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi, which is the main causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis in the New World. The compounds were tested at concentrations of 100, 75, 50, 25 and 6.25 µM over 24, 48, and 72 h. After 48 h of treatment at the 100 µM concentration, compounds 7 and 8 decreased parasite viability to 4% and 6%, respectively. The concentration that gives half-maximal responses (LC50) for the antileishmanial activities of compounds 7 and 8 against promastigotes after 24 h were 60.48 and 65.93 µM, respectively. Additionally, compounds 7 and 8 significantly reduced parasite infection in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner Luiz Pereira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, MG, 36.570-900, Brazil.
| | - Raphael de Souza Vasconcellos
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, MG, 36.570-900, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Biotecnologia Estrutural e Química Medicinal em Doenças Infecciosas (INBEQMeDi), Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, Caixa Postal 369, São Carlos, SP, 13.560-970, Brazil.
| | - Christiane Mariotini-Moura
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, MG, 36.570-900, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Biotecnologia Estrutural e Química Medicinal em Doenças Infecciosas (INBEQMeDi), Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, Caixa Postal 369, São Carlos, SP, 13.560-970, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Saar Gomes
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas-ICEB/NUPEB, Campus do Morro do Cruzeiro, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, 35.400-000, Brazil.
| | - Rafaela de Cássia Firmino
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, MG, 36.570-900, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Biotecnologia Estrutural e Química Medicinal em Doenças Infecciosas (INBEQMeDi), Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, Caixa Postal 369, São Carlos, SP, 13.560-970, Brazil.
| | - Adalberto Manoel da Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, MG, 36.570-900, Brazil.
| | - Abelardo Silva Júnior
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, MG, 36.570-900, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Costa Bressan
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, MG, 36.570-900, Brazil.
| | - Márcia Rogéria Almeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, MG, 36.570-900, Brazil.
| | - Luís Carlos Crocco Afonso
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas-ICEB/NUPEB, Campus do Morro do Cruzeiro, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, 35.400-000, Brazil.
| | - Róbson Ricardo Teixeira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, MG, 36.570-900, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Lopes Rangel Fietto
- Instituto Nacional de Biotecnologia Estrutural e Química Medicinal em Doenças Infecciosas (INBEQMeDi), Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, Caixa Postal 369, São Carlos, SP, 13.560-970, Brazil.
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, MG, 36.570-900, Brazil.
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