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Review of the metazoan parasites of the economically and ecologically important African sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus in Africa: Current status and novel records. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2023; 119:65-222. [PMID: 36707175 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
One of the most widely distributed African freshwater fish is the African sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) that is naturally distributed in 8 of the 10 ichthyofaunal regions of this continent. Clarias gariepinus is a highly valued and cheap staple to local communities and an ideal aquaculture species. Consequently, interest in the parasitic communities of C. gariepinus has increased as parasites may accidentally be ingested by humans when eating uncooked fish or can be introduced into culture systems through fish stocks supplied from local rivers which affect yield, growth, and marketability. This review provides an overview of the ∼107 metazoan parasite species known to parasitise C. gariepinus in Africa and their general life cycles, morphology, paratenic and post-cyclic infections, and the biogeography and validity of records are discussed. A brief overview is included on the application of some of these parasites in environmental studies and their link to human health.
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Orosová M, Marková A, Marec F, Barčák D, Brázová T, Oros M. New cytogenetic data on Caryophyllaeus laticeps and Paracaryophyllaeus gotoi, parasites of evolutionary interest. Parasitology 2022; 149:1094-1105. [PMID: 35535487 PMCID: PMC11010498 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182022000622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Caryophyllideans are intestinal parasites of freshwater fishes, occupying a basal position among the ‘true’ tapeworms. We performed detailed cytogenetic analyses of the well-known caryophyllidean species Caryophyllaeus laticeps. For comparison, we also examined for the first time the chromosomes of Paracaryophyllaeus gotoi, a specific parasite of loaches in China. Both species showed a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 20, n = 10m. Chromomycin A3 (CMA3)/diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining performed for the first time in the class Cestoda revealed CMA3+/DAPI− bands in the pericentromeric regions of the short arms of chromosome pair no. 7 in the karyotype of C. laticeps. Fluorescence in situ hybridization with the 18S rDNA probe confirmed the presence of a single cluster of major rDNA near the centromere on a pair of small chromosomes in both species. These findings support the hypothesis that the ancestral state in the family Caryophyllaeidae is a single interstitial cluster of major rDNA genes and thus one nucleolar organizer region per haploid genome. Our results, which we presented together with literature data plotted on a phylogenetic tree, show stability of caryophyllidean karyotypes at the genus level, but showed differences between genera without a clear phylogenetic signal. The data allowed us to at least formulate a hypothesis about the ancestral haploid chromosome number of n = 10 for the family Caryophyllaeidae and possibly for the sister family Capingentidae. In addition, we compared two populations of C. laticeps from water bodies with different levels of polychlorinated biphenyl contamination, showing a slightly increased incidence of chromosomal abnormalities at the contaminated site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Orosová
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Anna Marková
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - František Marec
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Barčák
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Timea Brázová
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Mikuláš Oros
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
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Uhrovič D, Oros M, Reyda F, Kudlai O, Scholz T. Redescription of Biacetabulum giganteum Hunter, 1929 (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea), description of two new, closely related species from suckers (Catostomidae) in North America, and a critical review of host specificity of species of Biacetabulum Hunter, 1927. SYST BIODIVERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2021.1970649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dalibor Uhrovič
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, Košice, 040 10, Slovak Republic
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Mikuláš Oros
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, Košice, 040 10, Slovak Republic
| | - Florian Reyda
- Biology Department, State University of New York, College at Oneonta, Oneonta, 13820, New York, USA
| | - Olena Kudlai
- Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, Vilnius, 08412, Lithuania
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Scholz
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
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Uhrovič D, Oros M, Kudlai O, Choudhury A, Scholz T. Molecular evidence of three closely related species of Biacetabulum Hunter, 1927 (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea): a case of recent speciation in different fish hosts (Catostomidae)? Parasitology 2021; 148:1040-1056. [PMID: 33975665 PMCID: PMC11010140 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021000743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Monozoic tapeworms (Caryophyllidea) are dominant components of parasite communities of suckers (Catostomidae) in North America, with Biacetabulum Hunter, 1927 representing one of the more species-rich genera. Molecular (28S rDNA) and morphological (including scanning electron microscopy and histology) evaluation of newly collected tapeworms from different fish hosts revealed the existence of four similar (and three closely related) species of Biacetabulum. These four species differ from their congeners by having a long body (up to 48 mm long) with a very long, slender neck (its length represents ≥30% of total body length), a large, globular scolex with a prominent central acetabulum-like loculus on the dorsal and ventral sides, two pairs of shallow lateral loculi and a distinct, slightly convex apical disc, and a cirrus-sac that is situated between the anterior arms of the ovarian wings. Taken together, the morphological and molecular data and the host associations of these species provide evidence of their host specificity. Biacetabulum isaureae n. sp. occurs in notch clip redhorse, Moxostoma collapsum, in South Carolina (USA), B. longicollum n. sp. in silver redhorse, Moxostoma anisurum (type host), and golden redhorse, M. erythrurum, in Manitoba (Canada) and West Virginia (USA), B. overstreeti n. sp. in a spotted sucker, Minytrema melanops, in Mississippi, and B. hypentelii n. sp. in northern hogsucker, Hypentelium nigricans, in Tennessee (USA). The new species differ from each other in the number of postovarian vitelline follicles, the posterior extent of preovarian vitelline follicles and relative size of the cirrus sac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalibor Uhrovič
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01Košice, Slovak Republic and University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Mikuláš Oros
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01Košice, Slovak Republic and University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Olena Kudlai
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic and Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, LT-08412Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Anindo Choudhury
- Division of Natural Sciences, St. Norbert College, De Pere, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Tomáš Scholz
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic and Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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McAllister CT, Choudhury A, Fayton TJ, Cloutman DG, Bursey CR, Robison HW, Whipps CM, Scholz T. Parasites of Western Creek Chubsucker Erimyzon claviformis (Cypriniformes: Catostomidae) from Arkansas and Oklahoma, U.S.A. COMP PARASITOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1654/copa-d-20-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chris T. McAllister
- Division of Science and Mathematics, Eastern Oklahoma State College, Idabel, Oklahoma 74745, U.S.A. (e-mail: )
| | - Anindo Choudhury
- Division of Natural Sciences, St. Norbert College, 100 Grant Street, DePere, Wisconsin 54115, U.S.A. (e-mail: )
| | - Thomas J. Fayton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, U.S.A. (e-mail: )
| | | | - Charles R. Bursey
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, Shenango Campus, Sharon, Pennsylvania 16146, U.S.A.(e-mail: )
| | - Henry W. Robison
- 9717 Wild Mountain Drive, Sherwood, Arkansas 72120, U.S.A. (e-mail: )
| | - Christopher M. Whipps
- Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY College of Environmental Science & Forestry, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, New York 13210, U.S.A. (e-mail: )
| | - Tomáš Scholz
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budéjovice, 370 05 Czech Republic (e-mail: )
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Uhrovič D, Scholz T, Kudlai O, Oros M. Disentangling taxonomy of Biacetabulum (Cestoda, Caryophyllidea), parasites of catostomid fishes in North America: proposal of Megancestus gen. n. to accommodate B. carpiodi. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:1993-2001. [PMID: 34021801 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07188-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A new genus, Megancestus n. gen., is proposed to accommodate the caryophyllidean tapeworm Biacetabulum carpiodi Mackiewicz, 1969 from carpsuckers and quillback (Carpiodes spp.) in North America. This species is not closely related to other species of Biacetabulum Hunter, 1927 and is transferred to a newly erected genus. This new genus is typified by the possession of a small body (total length of 3.1-7.5 mm) with a scolex that bears a pair of large acetabulum-like loculi, two pairs of shallow lateral loculi, and a slightly convex apical disc, testes arranged in one or two layers, oval, thick-walled cirrus-sac, well-developed external seminal vesicle, separate gonopores, H-shaped ovary, few median vitelline follicles, and the uterus extending by a single loop anterior to the cirrus-sac. Megancestus differs from all Nearctic caryophyllidean genera (family Capingentidae), including Biacetabulum, by vitelline follicles dorsal to the ovary that connect the preovarian and postovarian vitelline fields. The most closely related Hunterella Mackiewicz et McCrae, 1962 differs by shape of the scolex (tholate, i.e., devoid of any loculi), dumbbell-shaped ovary and the uterus not extending anterior to the cirrus-sac. Megancestus carpiodi (Mackiewicz, 1969) n. comb. is the only species of the genus and it is a stenoxenous parasite, which has been found only in the river carpsucker (Carpiodes carpio-type host), quillback (Carpiodes cyprinus) and highfin carpsucker (Carpiodes velifer) (Catostomidae: Ictiobinae) in the lower and middle Mississippi basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalibor Uhrovič
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Tomáš Scholz
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Olena Kudlai
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mikuláš Oros
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic.
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Scholz T, Waeschenbach A, Oros M, Brabec J, Littlewood DTJ. Phylogenetic reconstruction of early diverging tapeworms (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea) reveals ancient radiations in vertebrate hosts and biogeographic regions. Int J Parasitol 2020; 51:263-277. [PMID: 33275944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tapeworms of the order Caryophyllidea are the earliest diverging 'true' tapeworms (Eucestoda) and parasitise cypriniform and siluriform fishes almost exclusively. They are typified by a monozoic (non-proglottised) body plan, which is a characteristic shared with early diverging 'cestodarians' Gyrocotylidea and Amphilinidea. Here we present the most comprehensive multi-gene molecular phylogeny of this group, to date. Specimens of 63 species from 32 genera (~50% and ~75% of known species and genus diversity, respectively) were gathered during an intense and targeted 15-year collecting effort. Phylogenetic reconstructions provide high nodal support for three major lineages, which only partly correspond to currently recognised families. The three well-supported clades were as follows: Clade A was in an unsupported position at the base of the tree and was almost exclusively comprised of parasites of catfishes (Siluriformes) from the Afrotropical and Indomalayan regions, including the type genus of the Lytocestidae (Lytocestus). Clade B formed the sister group to the remaining taxa (Clade C) and was composed of species that parasitise cyprinids and loaches (Cypriniformes: Cyprinoidei and Cobitoidei) from the Palaearctic Region. This clade included the type genus of the Caryophyllaeidae (Caryophyllaeus). Clade C comprised Nearctic species from suckers and minnows (Cypriniformes: Catostomidae and Cyprinoidei), which were previously accommodated in two families, i.e. Capingentidae and Caryophyllaeidae. This clade included the type genus of the Capingentidae (Capingens). In addition to Clades A-C, Balanotaenia bancrofti from the monotypic Balanotaeniidae, which parasitises plotosid catfishes in Australia, and Lytocestoides tanganyikae, which parasitises African cichlids, formed a poorly supported clade at the base of the tree. Whereas morphological characteristics traditionally used to differentiate caryophyllidean families do not characterise molecular lineages, host association and biogeographical distribution play a key role in the circumscription of the three well-supported clades revealed by molecular data. Thus, the taxonomic rearrangement proposed herein was guided by the molecular clades. The names of all four extant families were preserved and family affinity was determined by topological clustering with the type genera of the families. The family diagnoses of the Lytocestidae, Caryophyllaeidae and Capingentidae are amended. Biogeographic patterns are indicative of separate Gondwanan and Laurasian radiations having taken place. Regarding the Gondwanan radiation in the Siluriformes, the topology in Clade A indicates an Asian origin with a subsequent African colonisation. Concerning Laurasia, separate radiations appear to have taken place in the Cypriniformes in the temperate zones of North America and Eurasia. Complete absence of caryophyllideans in the Neotropical Region, where numerous catfishes occur, may be due to the Gondwanan radiation having taken place after the continental separation of Africa and South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Scholz
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Andrea Waeschenbach
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom
| | - Mikuláš Oros
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 10 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Brabec
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - D Timothy J Littlewood
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom
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A new monozoic tapeworm, Parabreviscolex niepini n. g., n. sp. (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea), from schizothoracine fishes (Cyprinidae: Schizothoracinae) in Tibet, China. Parasitol Res 2017; 117:347-354. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5682-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Oros M, Uhrovič D, Scholz T. A New Classification of Glaridacris Cooper, 1920 (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea), Parasites of Suckers (Catostomidae) in North America, Including Erection of Pseudoglaridacris N. Gen. J Parasitol 2017; 104:60-69. [PMID: 28902569 DOI: 10.1645/17-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A taxonomic study of monozoic cestodes of the genus Glaridacris Cooper, 1920 (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea), parasites of catostomid fishes in North America, confirmed artificial character of the genus which is split to 2 different, morphologically distinct, and not closely related genera. Glaridacris is newly circumscribed to include only 3 species, Glaridacris catostomi Cooper, 1920 (type species), Glaridacris terebrans ( Linton, 1893 ), and Glaridacris vogei Mackiewicz, 1976 , which are characterized by an elongate body, a cuneiloculate or wedge-shaped scolex with 6 shallow loculi, male and female gonopores at a distance from each other, follicular ovary, and circum-medullary vitelline follicles (lateral and median). A new genus, Pseudoglaridacris n. gen., is proposed to accommodate 3 species characterized by a shorter body, a bothrioloculodiscate scolex with a pair of deeper median bothria and 2 shallower loculi, male and female gonopores close together, non-follicular ovary, and with only lateral vitelline follicles. The species are: Pseudoglaridacris laruei ( Lamont, 1921 ) n. comb. (type species), Pseudoglaridacris confusa (Hunter, 1929) n. comb., and Pseudoglaridacris oligorchis ( Haderlie, 1953 ) n. comb. An annotated list of all species of both genera, with data on their hosts and distribution and keys to their identification, is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikuláš Oros
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Dalibor Uhrovič
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Scholz
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
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Oros M, Choudhury A, Scholz T. A Common Eurasian Fish Tapeworm,Caryophyllaeides fennica(Cestoda), in Western North America: Further Evidence of ‘Amphi-Pacific' Vicariance in Freshwater Fish Parasites. J Parasitol 2017; 103:486-496. [DOI: 10.1645/16-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mikuláš Oros
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 04001 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Anindo Choudhury
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 04001 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Tomáš Scholz
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 04001 Košice, Slovak Republic
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Barcak D, Oros M, Hanzelova V, Scholz T. A synoptic review of Caryophyllaeus Gmelin, 1790 (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea), parasites of cyprinid fishes. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2017; 64. [DOI: 10.14411/fp.2017.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Oros M, Brabec J, Kuchta R, Choudhury A, Scholz T. A synoptic review of Promonobothrium Mackiewicz, 1968 (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea), parasites of suckers (Catostomidae) in North America, with description of two new species. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2016; 63. [DOI: 10.14411/fp.2016.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Hanzelová V, Oros M, Barčák D, Miklisová D, Kirin D, Scholz T. Morphological polymorphism in tapeworms: redescription of Caryophyllaeus laticeps (Pallas, 1781) (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea) and characterisation of its morphotypes from different fish hosts. Syst Parasitol 2015; 90:177-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s11230-014-9536-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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