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Palomba M, Marchiori E, Tedesco P, Fioravanti M, Marcer F, Gustinelli A, Aco-Alburqueque R, Belli B, Canestrelli D, Santoro M, Cipriani P, Mattiucci S. An update and ecological perspective on certain sentinel helminth endoparasites within the Mediterranean Sea. Parasitology 2023; 150:1139-1157. [PMID: 37942726 PMCID: PMC10941224 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182023000951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean Sea is recognized as a marine biodiversity hotspot. This enclosed basin is facing several anthropogenic-driven threats, such as seawater warming, pollution, overfishing, bycatch, intense maritime transport and invasion by alien species. The present review focuses on the diversity and ecology of specific marine trophically transmitted helminth endoparasites (TTHs) of the Mediterranean ecosystems, aiming to elucidate their potential effectiveness as ‘sentinels’ of anthropogenic disturbances in the marine environment. The chosen TTHs comprise cestodes and nematodes sharing complex life cycles, involving organisms from coastal and marine mid/upper-trophic levels as definitive hosts. Anthropogenic disturbances directly impacting the free-living stages of the parasites and their host population demographies can significantly alter the distribution, infection levels and intraspecific genetic variability of these TTHs. Estimating these parameters in TTHs can provide valuable information to assess the stability of marine trophic food webs. Changes in the distribution of particular TTHs species can also serve as indicators of sea temperature variations in the Mediterranean Sea, as well as the bioaccumulation of pollutants. The contribution of the chosen TTHs to monitor anthropogenic-driven changes in the Mediterranean Sea, using their measurable attributes at both spatial and temporal scales, is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialetizia Palomba
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Erica Marchiori
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Perla Tedesco
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marialetizia Fioravanti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Marcer
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Gustinelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Renato Aco-Alburqueque
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Section of Parasitology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Beatrice Belli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Section of Parasitology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Canestrelli
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), Tuscia University, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Mario Santoro
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Cipriani
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Section of Parasitology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Section of Contaminants and Biohazards, Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Nordnes, Bergen, Norway
| | - Simonetta Mattiucci
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Section of Parasitology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Marchiori E, Gustinelli A, Vignali V, Segati S, D'Acunto S, Brandi S, Crespo-Picazo JL, Marcer F. Balaenophilus manatorum in Debilitated and Bycatch-Derived Loggerhead Sea Turtles Caretta caretta from Northwestern Adriatic Sea. Vet Sci 2023; 10:427. [PMID: 37505832 PMCID: PMC10383839 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Balenophilus manatorum (Copepoda: Harpaticoida) is one of the few components of the epibiontic fauna of Caretta caretta that show a "true" parasitic association with their host. From rrosive to ulcerative cutaneous lesions may seldom appear as a consequence of the copepod feeding on keratin on turtles' skin. Debilitating Turtle Syndrome (DTS) is the final outcome of a chronic insufficient assumption of nutrients, generally occurring with the impairment of immune functions and high epibiota burdens. In this survey, the presence of B. manatorum in C. caretta from the Northwestern Adriatic Sea was investigated and the relation between infection indices and the co-occurrence of DTS was studied. Clinical examination was performed at the time of rescue, including routine hematological assessment; external parasites were isolated mechanically from turtles' skin and morphologically identified through observation with an optic microscope and SEM. Ten turtles were classified as affected by DTS, all of them being small juveniles with typical clinical and clinicopathological presentation. A higher prevalence, abundance, and density of infection were found in turtles affected by the syndrome. The presence of massive skin coverage by the burrowing barnacle Pletylepas hexastylos prevented a proper evaluation of the pathology associated with B. manatorum in turtles affected by DTS. In any event, eventual skin damages caused by the parasite may represent a port of entry for secondary infections in such immunocompromised animals. Therefore, infection by B. manatorum should not go overlooked in debilitated turtles and should be opportunely treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Marchiori
- Dipartimento di Medicina Animale, Produzioni e Salute, Università di Padova, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Andrea Gustinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Viola Vignali
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Sara Segati
- Centro Sperimentale per la Tutela degli Habitat (CESTHA), Via Molo Dalmazia 51, 48122 Marina di Ravenna, RA, Italy
| | - Simone D'Acunto
- Centro Sperimentale per la Tutela degli Habitat (CESTHA), Via Molo Dalmazia 51, 48122 Marina di Ravenna, RA, Italy
| | - Silvia Brandi
- Centro Sperimentale per la Tutela degli Habitat (CESTHA), Via Molo Dalmazia 51, 48122 Marina di Ravenna, RA, Italy
| | - José Luìs Crespo-Picazo
- Fundación Oceanogràfic de la Comunitat Valenciana, Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències, C/d'Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 1B, 46013 València, Spain
| | - Federica Marcer
- Dipartimento di Medicina Animale, Produzioni e Salute, Università di Padova, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
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Domingo-Hernández AM, Morales-Yuste M, Buzo-Domínguez S, Adroher FJ, Benítez R. Anisakis infection in anchovies (Engraulis encrasicolus) from Iberian waters, southwestern Europe: Post-mortem larval migration. Res Vet Sci 2023; 157:26-34. [PMID: 36854200 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The Anisakis larvae presence in fish for human consumption is a health risk that needs to be monitored. The anchovy is a fish that is highly appreciated by consumers and that can harbour Anisakis. It is thus necessary to periodically evaluate the presence of anisakid larvae in them. So, anchovies from Iberian Peninsula coasts were analysed. Fish examination for macroscopic nematodes showed L3s of both Anisakis type I and Hysterothylacium aduncum. The Anisakis prevalence varies with the catching area and the fish size. The muscle prevalence was 7.45% (mean intensity 1.75; range 1-5). Molecular analysis showed 110 A. simplex s.s. (17 in muscle), 22 A. pegreffii (3) and 7 hybrid genotype individuals (1). Considering that most of the Iberian Peninsula coasts are a sympatry area between these two Anisakis species, it has been observed that A. simplex s.s./A. pegreffii ratio increases from south to north in a clockwise direction. Also, 19 larvae were detected on the fish surface from the Bay of Biscay, indicating the ability of these larvae to migrate after the fish death. The A. simplex s.s./A. pegreffii larvae proportion found on the anchovy surface is similar to the found in viscera and lower than in muscle, suggesting that most of the larvae migrating to the surface must have come from the visceral package. This confirms the importance of removing fish viscera immediately after capture, for those fish species where this is possible. As both species cause anisakiasis/anisakidosis, these data show a real risk to human health, especially in dishes highly prized in Mediterranean countries prepared with raw or semi-raw anchovies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Morales-Yuste
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Sara Buzo-Domínguez
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Rocío Benítez
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Anisakid and Raphidascaridid parasites in Trachurus trachurus: infection drivers and possible effects on the host's condition. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:3113-3122. [PMID: 34390382 PMCID: PMC8397701 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07200-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the distribution of nematode larvae of Anisakidae and Raphidascarididae (genera Anisakis and Hysterothylacium) in Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Ligurian and central-northern Tyrrhenian Seas. The relationship between the number of parasites and the length and weight parameters of the fish was assessed, and the possible effect of the parasites on the condition factor was evaluated. A total of 190 T. trachurus specimens were collected in July 2019. Parasites were found in 70 individuals. A total of 161 visible larvae were collected in the viscera. Morphological analysis revealed the presence of Anisakis spp. in 55 fish and Hysterothylacium spp. in 15 fish, while 5 fish showed coinfection with both genera. The specimens subjected to PCR (n = 67) showed that 85% of the Anisakis larvae analyzed belonged to the species A. pegreffii, while the remaining 15% belonged to hybrids of A. pegreffii-A. simplex (s.s.). A total of 58% (n = 7) of the Hysterothylacium larvae analyzed belonged to the species H. fabri, while 42% belonged to the species H. aduncum. Our results support the hypothesis that infection with these parasites does not affect the condition of the fish host analyzed, and that body size and depth are major drivers in determining infection levels with Anisakid and Raphidascaridid nematodes.
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Fioravanti ML, Gustinelli A, Rigos G, Buchmann K, Caffara M, Pascual S, Pardo MÁ. Negligible risk of zoonotic anisakid nematodes in farmed fish from European mariculture, 2016 to 2018. Euro Surveill 2021; 26:1900717. [PMID: 33446302 PMCID: PMC7809721 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2021.26.2.1900717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe increasing demand for raw or undercooked fish products, supplied by both aquaculture and fisheries, raises concerns about the transmission risk to humans of zoonotic fish parasites. This has led to the current European Union (EU) Regulation No 1276/2011 amending Annex III of Regulation (EC) No 853/2004 and mandating a freezing treatment of such products. Zoonotic parasites, particularly anisakid larvae, have been well documented in wild fish. Data on their presence in European aquaculture products, however, are still scarce, except for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), where the zoonotic risk was assessed as negligible, exempting it from freezing treatment.AimTo evaluate the zoonotic Anisakidae parasite risk in European farmed marine fish other than Atlantic salmon.MethodsFrom 2016 to 2018 an observational parasitological survey was undertaken on 6,549 farmed fish including 2,753 gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), 2,761 European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and 1,035 turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) from 14 farms in Italy, Spain and Greece. Furthermore, 200 rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) sea-caged in Denmark, as well as 352 seabream and 290 seabass imported in Italy and Spain from other countries were examined. Fish were subjected to visual inspection and candling. Fresh visceral organs/fillet samples were artificially digested or UV pressed and visually examined for zoonotic anisakid larvae.ResultsNo zoonotic parasites were found in any of the fish investigated.ConclusionsThe risk linked to zoonotic Anisakidae in the examined fish species from European mariculture appears negligible. This study laid the groundwork for considerations to amend the current EU regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Letizia Fioravanti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Gustinelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - George Rigos
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Attika, Greece
| | - Kurt Buchmann
- Parasitology and Aquatic Pathobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Monica Caffara
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Miguel Ángel Pardo
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia, Spain
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Morphological and molecular identification of Hysterothylacium larvae (Nematoda: Raphidascarididae) in marine fish from Tunisian Mediterranean coasts. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:3285-3296. [PMID: 32812144 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06848-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The taxonomy of Hysterothylacium genus in Mediterranean waters remains incomplete and unresolved. The aim of the current study was to investigate the morphological and molecular identification of selected species of Hysterothylacium larvae in marine fish from the Tunisian Mediterranean coasts. A total of 192 marine fish samples were examined. In total, thirty-seven third-stage larvae of Hysterothylacium were morphologically identified as Hysterothylacium type V. In the present study, representatives of this type from the Mediterranean Sea were genetically characterized for the first time by sequencing the rDNA ITS (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) regions and mtDNA cox2 gene. This study represents the first report of Hysterothylacium type V from the Mediterranean Sea. We also report Mullus barbatus, M. surmuletus, and Pagellus erythrinus as new hosts for this larval type. Based upon molecular and phylogenetic analyses considering the rDNA ITS regions, the Hysterothylacium type V described here was classified as a new genotype, named Genotype B. The valid genetic data of the described Hysterothylacium type V in the present study can be used to establish the phylogenetic relationships among Hysterothylacium species from the Mediterranean Sea and worldwide for future research.
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First record of Hysterothylacium fabri (Rudolphi 1819) Deardorff and Overstreet 1980 from Scomber Colias of the South Atlantic waters. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:1981-1988. [PMID: 32377909 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06683-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Among several marine pelagic species of the Brazilian coast, Scomber colias Gmelin, 1789 (Perciformes: Scombridae) stands out for having great economic importance, since it is widely used as a food resource and presents moderate vulnerability. Twenty specimens of S. colias were purchased from October 2015 to October 2016 from the coast of Santa Catarina, Brazil. In the present study, we recorded Hysterothylacium fabri (Rudolphi, 1819) (Deardorff and Overstreet, Proc Biol Soc Wash 93(4):1035-1079 1980) from the S. colias intestine using an integrative taxonomy approach, where morphological data are used in combination with partial sequences of the ITS gene, to validate the taxonomic status of the species and establish their relationships with other members of the genus. This species is being recorded for the first time in the South Atlantic and S. colias. The specimens of H. fabri collected in this study parasitizing S. colias presented morphology similar to the other specimens already registered parasitizing other hosts. The distance matrix generated showed that the partial sequences obtained in this study were more similar to sequences of Hysterothylacium sp. collected in China. In phylogenetic analysis, the two detected haplotypes of this study were grouped with H. fabri haplotypes deposited in GenBank in a monophyletic subclade.
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Roca-Geronès X, Segovia M, Godínez-González C, Fisa R, Montoliu I. Anisakis and Hysterothylacium species in Mediterranean and North-East Atlantic fishes commonly consumed in Spain: Epidemiological, molecular and morphometric discriminant analysis. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 325:108642. [PMID: 32361053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of raw fish parasitized with larval ascaridoid nematodes of the family Anisakidae can cause anisakiasis, provoking gastrointestinal and/or allergic symptomatology. The main causative agents in the Anisakis genus are the sibling species Anisakis simplex sensu stricto (s.s.) and A. pegreffii of the A. simplex sensu lato (s.l.) complex. Larvae of A. simplex (s.l.) are frequently detected in fish commonly consumed in Spain, as are larvae of the genus Hysterothylacium of the family Raphidascarididae, associated with allergic reactions but not considered pathogenic. Reported here are the results of an epidemiological survey of ascaridoid larvae in three commonly consumed fish species in Spain, horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) (n = 52), blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) (n = 93) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) (n = 69), caught in the North-Eastern Atlantic, West Mediterranean and Adriatic Sea. The larvae found in the dissected fish were identified in the following order of abundance: A. simplex (s.l.) (n = 2003), Hysterothylacium aduncum (n = 422), H. fabri (n = 180) and A. physeteris (n = 15). Binomial regression analysis showed a correlation between A. simplex (s.l.) and Hysterothylacium larvae abundance and the host geographical location, the North-Eastern Atlantic being the area with the highest parasitation. Fish length and weight and Fulton's condition factor were correlated with A. simplex (s.l.) abundance only in horse mackerel. There was a significant presence of A. simplex (s.l.) and H. aduncum larvae in the musculature of North-Eastern Atlantic blue whiting, the most parasitized part being the anteroventral region, followed equally by the anterodorsal and central sections. The ITS rDNA of larvae of the sibling species A. simplex (s.s.) and A. pegreffii was identified by PCR-RFLP, and a binary logistic regression model was developed to study their morphometric differentiation. Anisakis simplex (s.s.) was detected in the North-Eastern Atlantic and A. pegreffii in all the areas studied. The morphometric analysis discriminated between the two species at the third and fourth larval stages (L3 and L4), the latter obtained by in vitro culture in RPMI-1640 medium. Two discriminant functions were obtained for the L3 and L4 larvae, the ventricle being a key parameter for specific differentiation in both stages, providing taxonomical criteria that could be used besides molecular identification. The present study reveals differences in the parasitation of the studied fish, including the distribution of larvae in the musculature, related to the host species and its geographical origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Roca-Geronès
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Biology, Health and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Matías Segovia
- Department of Health, Miquel Martí i Pol Institute, Generalitat de Catalunya, Verge de Montserrat 51, 08940, Cornellà de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carla Godínez-González
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Biology, Health and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Roser Fisa
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Biology, Health and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Isabel Montoliu
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Biology, Health and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Illa K, Shameem U, Serra V, Melai M, Mangam S, Basuri CK, Petroni G, Modeo L. Multidisciplinary investigation on the catfish parasite Hamatopeduncularia Yamaguti, 1953 (Monogenoidea: Dactylogyridae): description of two new species from India, and phylogenetic considerations. EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2019.1597931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Illa
- Department of Zoology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - U. Shameem
- Department of Zoology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - V. Serra
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M. Melai
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - S. Mangam
- Department of Zoology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - C. K. Basuri
- National Centre for Coastal Research, NIOT Campus, Ministry of Earth Science, Chennai, India
| | - G. Petroni
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - L. Modeo
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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