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Zhou C, Chen J, Niu H, Ouyang S, Wu X. Study on the population evolution of Ascaris lumbricoides and Ascaris suum based on whole genome resequencing. Vet Parasitol 2020; 279:109062. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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2
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Zhou C, Jian S, Peng W, Li M. Genetic Diversity of Ascaris in China Assessed Using Simple Sequence Repeat Markers. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2018; 56:175-181. [PMID: 29742872 PMCID: PMC5976020 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2018.56.2.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The giant roundworm Ascaris infects pigs and people worldwide and causes serious diseases. The taxonomic relationship between Ascaris suum and Ascaris lumbricoides is still unclear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of 258 Ascaris specimens from humans and pigs from 6 sympatric regions in Ascaris-endemic regions of China using existing simple sequence repeat data. The microsatellite markers showed a high level of allelic richness and genetic diversity in the samples. Each of the populations demonstrated excess homozygosity (Ho<He, Fis>0). According to a genetic differentiation index (Fst=0.0593), there was a high-level of gene flow in the Ascaris populations. A hierarchical analysis on molecular variance revealed remarkably high levels of variation within the populations. Moreover, a population structure analysis indicated that Ascaris populations fell into 3 main genetic clusters, interpreted as A. suum, A. lumbricoides, and a hybrid of the species. We speculated that humans can be infected with A. lumbricoides, A. suum, and the hybrid, but pigs were mainly infected with A. suum. This study provided new information on the genetic diversity and population structure of Ascaris from human and pigs in China, which can be used for designing Ascaris control strategies. It can also be beneficial to understand the introgression of host affiliation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Zhou
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoqing Jian
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Peng
- College of Basic Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, People's Republic of China
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3
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Sarkissian CA, Campbell SK, Dharmarajan G, Jacquot J, Page LK, Graham DH. Microgeographic Population Genetic Structure of Baylisascaris procyonis (Nematoda: Ascaroidae) in Western Michigan Indicates the Grand River Is a Barrier to Gene Flow. J Parasitol 2015; 101:671-6. [DOI: 10.1645/15-767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Douglas H. Graham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Grand Valley State University, 1 Campus Dr., Allendale, Michigan 49401. Correspondence should be sent to:
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A perfect time to harness advanced molecular technologies to explore the fundamental biology of Toxocara species. Vet Parasitol 2013; 193:353-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Belanger DH, Perkins SL, Rockwell RF. Inference of Population Structure and Patterns of Gene Flow in Canine Heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis). J Parasitol 2011; 97:602-9. [DOI: 10.1645/ge-2679.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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6
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Dharmarajan G, Rhodes OE. Evaluating levels of PCR efficiency and genotyping error in DNA extracted from engorged and non-engorged female Dermacentor variabilis ticks. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2011; 25:109-112. [PMID: 20704654 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2010.00903.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods are increasingly used to elucidate tick biology. However, DNA extracted from ticks may provide poor PCR templates as a result of PCR inhibition by mammalian blood or contamination by male DNA (in fertilized females). In this study, the effects of removing the bloodmeal and reproductive organs were evaluated through paired DNA extractions in engorged and non-engorged Dermacentor variabilis (Say) (Acari: Ixodidae), prior to PCR amplification at 12 microsatellites. The first extraction utilized only mouthparts and legs ('mouthpart' samples) and the second utilized tick bodies ('body' samples). The results indicated that contamination by male DNA was an unlikely source of genotyping error in mouthpart and body samples. Engorged females showed higher levels of PCR inhibition in body vs. mouthpart samples, with a 29% decrease in amplification success rates per PCR and a 10-fold increase in levels of missing genotypes in body samples. By contrast, non-engorged females showed little difference in amplification success rates or numbers of missing genotypes in body vs. mouthpart samples. We discuss analytical concerns related to this systematic bias in PCR problems and recommend the removal of the bloodmeal and reproductive organs prior to DNA extraction, especially in engorged female ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dharmarajan
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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7
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Zhou C, Yuan K, Tang X, Hu N, Peng W. Molecular genetic evidence for polyandry in Ascaris suum. Parasitol Res 2010; 108:703-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-2116-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Bayesian paternity analysis and mating patterns in a parasitic nematode, Trichostrongylus tenuis. Heredity (Edinb) 2009; 104:573-82. [DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2009.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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9
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Population structure of the parasitic nematodeAnguillicola crassus, an invader of declining North Atlantic eel stocks. Mol Ecol 2008; 17:3478-95. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.03855.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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10
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Li WX, Wang GT, Nie P. Genetic variation of fish parasite populations in historically connected habitats: undetected habitat fragmentation effect on populations of the nematode Procamallanus fulvidraconis in the catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. J Parasitol 2008; 94:643-7. [PMID: 18605774 DOI: 10.1645/ge-1034.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2006] [Accepted: 11/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation may have some significant effects on population genetic structure because geographic distance and physical barriers may impede gene flow between populations. In this study, we investigated whether recent habitat fragmentation affected genetic structure and diversity of populations of the nematode Procamallanus fulvidraconis in the yellowhead catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. The nematode was collected from 12 localities in 7 floodplain lakes of the Yangtze River. Using 11 intersimple sequence repeat markers, analysis of molecular variance showed that genetic diversity occurred mainly within populations (70.26%). Expected heterozygosity (He) of P. fulvidraconis was barely different between connected (0.2105) and unconnected lakes (0.2083). Population subdivision (Fst) between connected lakes (0.2177) was higher than in unconnected lakes (0.1676). However, the connected and unconnected lakes did not cluster into 2 clades. A Mantel test revealed significant positive correlation between genetic and geographic distances (R = 0.5335, P < 0.01). These results suggest that habitat fragmentation did not cause genetic differentiation among populations or a reduction of diversity in isolated populations of P. fulvidraconis. At least 2 factors may increase the dispersal range of the nematode, i.e., flash flooding in summer and other species of fish that may serve as the definitive hosts. Moreover, lake fragmentation is probably a recent process; population size of the nematode in these lakes is large enough to maintain population structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen X Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, and Laboratory of Fish Diseases, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
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Li WX, Wang GT, Nie P. Genetic Variation of Fish Parasite Populations in Historically Connected Habitats: Undetected Habitat Fragmentation Effect on Populations of the Nematode Procamallanus fulvidraconis in the Catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. J Parasitol 2008. [DOI: 10.1645/ge-1034r2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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12
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Criscione CD, Anderson JD, Raby K, Sudimack D, Subedi J, Rai DR, Upadhayay RP, Jha B, Williams-Blangero S, Anderson TJC. Microsatellite markers for the human nematode parasite Ascaris lumbricoides: development and assessment of utility. J Parasitol 2007; 93:704-8. [PMID: 17626368 DOI: 10.1645/ge-1058r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe 35 microsatellite markers from the human parasitic nematode Ascaris lumbricoides. We found 7 sex-linked markers and demonstrate that 26 autosomal loci can be scored reliably. These markers have high genetic variability and provide the tools to address multiple questions concerning the epidemiology, fine-scale genetic structure, host specificity, and mating systems of this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles D Criscione
- Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, P.O. Box 760549, San Antonio, Texas 78245, USA.
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Troell K, Engström A, Morrison DA, Mattsson JG, Höglund J. Global patterns reveal strong population structure in Haemonchus contortus, a nematode parasite of domesticated ruminants. Int J Parasitol 2006; 36:1305-16. [PMID: 16950266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2006.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2006] [Revised: 05/09/2006] [Accepted: 06/27/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We have examined the global population genetic structure of Haemonchus contortus. The genetic variability was studied using both amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and nad4 sequences of the mitochondrial genome. To examine the performance and information content of the two different marker systems, comparative assessment of population genetic diversity was undertaken in 19 isolates of H. contortus, a parasitic nematode of small ruminants. A total of 150 individual adult worms representing 14 countries from all inhabited continents were analysed. Altogether 1,429 informative AFLP markers were generated using four different primer combinations. Also, the genetic variation was high, which agrees with results from previous AFLP studies of nematode parasites of livestock. The genetic structure was high, indicating limited gene flow between the different isolates and populations from each continent mostly formed monophyletic groups in the phylogenetic analysis. However, for isolates representing Australia, Greece and one laboratory strain that originated from South Africa (WRS), there was no clear genetic relationship between the isolates and the distance between their geographical origins. Basically the same pattern was observed for the mitochondrial marker, although the phylogenetic analysis was less resolved than for AFLP. In contrast with previous findings on the population genetic structure of H. contortus, the calculation of population structure gave high values (Nst=0.59). The strong structure was present also for the four Swedish isolates (Nst=0.16) representing a small geographical area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Troell
- Department of Parasitology (SWEPAR), National Veterinary Institute and Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
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Peng W, Yuan K, Hu M, Zhou X, Gasser RB. Mutation scanning-coupled analysis of haplotypic variability in mitochondrial DNA regions reveals low gene flow between human and porcineAscaris in endemic regions of China. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:4317-26. [PMID: 16287175 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Haplotypic variation within and among the Ascaris populations representing six provinces in China was investigated. Mitochondrial DNA regions in the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) genes were amplified by PCR from total genomic DNA samples (n > 720) from Ascaris individuals from humans and pigs, and subjected to mutation scanning and subsequent selective sequencing. For the cox1, ten different electrophoretic profiles were recorded for human Ascaris, and the same number for pig Ascaris, one of them being common to both host species. For the nad1, 11 different profiles were detected for human Ascaris, and 15 for pig Ascaris. Having defined all haplotypes (20 for pcox1 and 26 for pnad1) by sequencing, their frequencies were estimated in each of the two host species and each of the six provinces. For each mitochondrial region, the frequency of the different haplotypes varied considerably, depending on host species and geographical origin. Analysis of the sequence data (representing all haplotypes for each mitochondrial locus) by F-statistics indicated restricted gene flow between human Ascaris and pig Ascaris, and supported the conclusions from previous molecular epidemiological investigations that pigs are not a significant source of Ascaris infection in humans in endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Peng
- Department of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
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Nejsum P, Parker ED, Frydenberg J, Roepstorff A, Boes J, Haque R, Astrup I, Prag J, Skov Sørensen UB. Ascariasis is a zoonosis in denmark. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:1142-8. [PMID: 15750075 PMCID: PMC1081283 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.43.3.1142-1148.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A preliminary epidemiological survey indicated an association between Ascaris infections in Danish patients and contact with pigs or pig manure. In the present study, we compared Ascaris worms collected from humans and Ascaris worms collected from pigs by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis, a technique for whole-genome fingerprinting, and by PCR-linked restricted fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of nuclear rDNA. The AFLP data were analyzed by distance- and model-based clustering methods. These results assigned Ascaris worms from Danish patients to a cluster different from that for worms from humans in other geographic areas. In contrast, worms from humans and pigs in Denmark were assigned to the same cluster. These results were supported by the PCR-RFLP results. Thus, all of the examined Danish patients had acquired Ascaris infections from domestic pigs; ascariasis may therefore be considered a zoonotic disease in Denmark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Nejsum
- Department of Genetics and Ecology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.
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