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Martins ACJS, Almeida-Santos M, Ávila RW, Siqueira CC, Rocha CFD. Does the body size, sex, and reproductive modes of leaf litter anurans affect the diversity of parasites? Parasitol Res 2024; 123:244. [PMID: 38878081 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08266-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
We describe the composition of endoparasites associated with leaf litter anurans from an Atlantic Forest area, in southeastern Brazil. We tested if body size, sex, and reproductive modes of anuran hosts influence endoparasite abundance and richness. We sampled 583 individuals from 11 anuran species and recorded 1,600 helminths from 14 taxa. The helminths that infected the greatest number of anuran host species were the nematodes Cosmocerca parva (8 spp.), Physaloptera sp. (8 spp.), and Cosmocerca brasiliense (7 spp.), and the most abundant helminth species were Physaloptera sp. (14.6%), Cosmocerca brasiliense (13.7%) and Cosmocerca parva (12.6%). Both helminth abundance and richness were positively affected by anuran body size and dependence on water for reproduction. Larger hosts can contain a higher abundance of parasites because they may provide more physical space than smaller ones, or it can simply be a function of age. Besides, parasite species richness can be highly correlated with the amount of time a host spends in association with aquatic habitats, a conservative aspect of both parasite and host natural history. Within host species, there was a positive and significant influence of body size on helminth abundance. Haddadus binotatus females had greater helminth abundance than males, probably due to sex-related differences in behavior and/or in physiology. Our data suggest that reproductive modes could also influence helminth infection parameters in other anuran communities and should be considered in detail in future analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Jesus Silveira Martins
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Educação Artes e Humanidades, Universidade Nacional Timor Lorosa'e, Dili, Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste
| | - Marlon Almeida-Santos
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Costa Siqueira
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Frederico Duarte Rocha
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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de Oliveira CR, Gonçalves-Sousa JG, de Carvalho EFF, Ávila RW, Borges-Nojosa DM. Effect of altitude and spatial heterogeneity on the host-parasite relationship in anurans from a remnant humid forest in the brazilian semiarid. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:2651-2666. [PMID: 37707610 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07965-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the effect of habitat heterogeneity, elevation gradient, and phylogenetic distance of host species on the abundance and richness of anuran endoparasites, assuming that parasites follow the distribution of their hosts independently of environmental variation. We collected 192 anurans distributed in three altitude ranges: 100-200 m, 400-500 m, and 700-800 m. We performed discriminant principal component analysis to analyze the interrelationships between environmental heterogeneity and the distribution of parasite and host species in the formation of species groups in each altitude range. We estimated the niche width and parasite overlap, using host species as a variable, and assessed whether parasite abundance is more influenced by historical (distance host phylogeny) or ecological effects in each altitude category and overall. Finally, we use network analyses to understand how interactions between parasites and hosts are formed along the altitude gradient. We found 22 parasite species, and the overall prevalence of infection was 74%. In our study, we did not identify environmental (altitude gradients and heterogeneity) or phylogenetic effects acting on the parasite species diversity. Overall, our results suggest that the parasites are distributed following the dispersal of their hosts and are dispersed among most anuran species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cicero Ricardo de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Federal University of Ceará, Block 902, Science Center, PICI Campus, Ceará, Brazil.
- Regional Ophiology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Block 905, Science Center, PICI Campus, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - José Guilherme Gonçalves-Sousa
- Regional Ophiology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Block 905, Science Center, PICI Campus, Ceará, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biology and Ecology of Wild Animals, Federal University of Cariri, Educators Training Institute, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Elvis Franklin Fernandes de Carvalho
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Federal University of Ceará, Block 902, Science Center, PICI Campus, Ceará, Brazil
- Regional Ophiology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Block 905, Science Center, PICI Campus, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Robson Waldemar Ávila
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Federal University of Ceará, Block 902, Science Center, PICI Campus, Ceará, Brazil
- Regional Ophiology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Block 905, Science Center, PICI Campus, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Diva Maria Borges-Nojosa
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Federal University of Ceará, Block 902, Science Center, PICI Campus, Ceará, Brazil
- Regional Ophiology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Block 905, Science Center, PICI Campus, Ceará, Brazil
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Müller MI, Morais DH, da Costa LFST, de Vasconcelos Melo FT, Giese EG, Ávila RW, da Silva RJ. Revisiting the taxonomy of Rhabdias fuelleborni Travassos, 1928 (Nematoda, Rhabdiasidae) with approaches to delimitation of species and notes on molecular phylogeny. Parasitol Int 2023; 92:102692. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2022.102692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Gomes FR, Madelaire CB, Moretti EH, Titon SCM, Assis VR. Immunoendocrinology and Ecoimmunology in Brazilian Anurans. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:1654-1670. [PMID: 35411921 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews several aspects of immunoendocrinology and ecoimmunology in Brazilian species of anurans under investigation for more than a decade, including (1) patterns of annual covariation of circulating steroids, calling behavior and innate immunity, (2) endocrine and immune correlates of calling performance, (3) behavioral and physiological correlates of parasite load, (4) thermal sensitivity of immune function, and (5) endocrine and immunomodulation by experimental exposure to acute and chronic stressors, as well as to endocrine manipulations and simulated infections. Integrated results have shown an immunoprotective role of increased steroid plasma levels during reproductive activity in calling males. Moreover, a higher helminth parasite load is associated with changes in several behavioral and physiological traits under field conditions. We also found anuran innate immunity is generally characterized by eurythermy, with maximal performance observed in temperatures close to normal and fever thermal preferendum. Moreover, the aerobic scope of innate immune response is decreased at fever thermal preferendum. Experimental exposure to stressors results in increased corticosterone plasma levels and immune redistribution, with an impact on immune function depending on the duration of the stress exposure. Interestingly, the fate of immunomodulation by chronic stressors also depends in part on individual body condition. Acute treatment with corticosterone generally enhances immune function, while prolonged exposure results in immunosuppression. Still, the results of hormonal treatment are complex and depend on the dose, duration of treatment, and the immune variable considered. Finally, simulated infection results in complex modulation of the expression of cytokines, increased immune function, activation of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Interrenal axis, and decreased activity of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Gonadal axis, as well as reduced melatonin plasma levels, suggesting that anurans have a functional Immune-Pineal axis, homologous to that previously described for mammals. These integrated and complementary approaches have contributed to a better understanding of physiological mechanisms and processes, as well as ecological and evolutionary implications of anuran immunoendocrinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Ribeiro Gomes
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, 101, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brasil
| | - Carla Bonetti Madelaire
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, 101, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brasil.,School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Eduardo Hermógenes Moretti
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 1730, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brasil
| | - Stefanny Christie Monteiro Titon
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, 101, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brasil
| | - Vania Regina Assis
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, 101, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brasil
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Endoparasite community of anurans from an altitudinal rainforest enclave in a Brazilian semiarid area. J Helminthol 2022; 96:e62. [PMID: 35983730 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x22000499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to describe the composition of endoparasites associated with anurans from an altitudinal rainforest enclave in northeastern Brazil. Additionally, we tested if microhabitat use influences endoparasite abundance and richness, as well as the hypothesis that larger frogs tend to be more parasitized. We sampled 306 individuals from 25 anuran species that were necropsied and analysed using a stereomicroscope. The total endoparasite prevalence was 79.08%, with a parasitic community consisting of 46 taxa. Overall, we found the common pattern described for Neotropical amphibians, which is the predominance of generalist and direct-cycle parasites. Twenty new host records and two possible new parasite species were found, highlighting the importance of this type of inventory. We also observed that microhabitat use was associated with a significant difference in parasite richness between groups, in which arboreal and terrestrial species, and aquatic and arboreal species contributed to these differences. Moreover, larger frogs tended to be more parasitized regarding only an interspecific view. Our results suggest that parasite richness is directly related to infection cycle and how the host exploits its habitat.
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Helminths Infecting Sympatric Congeneric Treefrogs in Northeastern Brazil. Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:658-667. [PMID: 35000112 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00497-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to describe the helminth fauna associated with two sympatric congeneric treefrogs species (Boana multifasciata and Boana raniceps) from a highland marsh in northeastern Brazil. In addition, we investigate the body size influence on parasitological descriptors in these treefrogs, in which we expected that larger frogs would have greater abundance and richness helminths too, and no differences with respect to helminth composition once both hosts are exposed to similar environmental conditions. METHODS We collected anurans during the rainy season from 11 January to 09 February 2019, using visual and auditory searches in breeding environments. We analysed the presence of ectoparasites under an epidermis, oral cavity, and endoparasites present in the organs. Using a Linear mixed-effects model we tested the relationship between the host body size (length and weight) and helminths abundance and richness. In addition, we used the ANOSIM R test to investigate the differences between the hosts with respect to helminth composition. RESULTS We recorded 37 individuals (15 specimens of B. multifasciata and 22 of B. raniceps), in which 89.1% of them were infected by at least one helminth species. We found 355 helminths from 12 taxa parasitizing the two treefrogs, but just three parasite taxa were common to both species. All identified helminth species found in B. multifasciata are new records and four are new records for B. raniceps. In addition, we present the first record of Cosmocerca paraguayensis in Brazil. We found no support for the hypothesis that larger frogs tend to be more parasitized, at least for congeneric species, and sympatric hosts species have similar helminth composition. We also present a compilation of helminths occurring in treefrogs belonging to the Boana genus in South American, increasing our knowledge of the parasitic diversity of Neotropical anurans. CONCLUSION Our results suggest a lack of knowledge about helminth fauna associated with amphibians even for common and widely distributed species, such as Boana spp., and demonstrate the need to deepen our knowledge about host parasitic relationships, especially in the Neotropical region.
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Madelaire CB, Franceschini L, Morais DH, Gomes FR, da Silva RJ. Helminth Parasites of Three Anuran Species during Reproduction and Drought in the Brazilian Semiarid Caatinga Region. J Parasitol 2020; 106:334-340. [PMID: 32369595 DOI: 10.1645/16-130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the mean abundance of helminths and analyzed helminth composition and structure at the infracommunity and component community levels for 3 anuran species (Pleurodema diplolister, Rhinella jimi, and Rhinella granulosa) from the Caatingas, a semiarid Brazilian region characterized by accentuated seasonality and unpredictability of rains. Data were collected during the reproductive period and during drought, when P. diplolister estivated buried underground but R. jimi and R. granulosa remained foraging actively. We expected higher parasitological parameters during the reproductive period when compared to drought for these 3 anurans. We also expected higher parasite infection in the Rhinella species and higher similarity between their helminth parasite communities when compared to the estivating species, P. diplolister. Contrary to our hypothesis, the season was not related to parasite community structure. As predicted, the Rhinella toads shared more similar species composition of parasite communities. These similarities in the composition of the parasite community between Rhinella species could be due to similar temporal/spatial patterns of activity and phylogenetic proximity. Pleurodema diplolister hosted a more restricted helminth fauna, a result that might be associated with estivation restricting the temporal window available to acquire parasites. This study also presents new helminth fauna records for R. jimi and P. diplolister, and the first helminth fauna record of R. granulosa from the Caatingas in semiarid Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Bonetti Madelaire
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, CEP 05508-090, Brazil.,Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001
| | - Lidiane Franceschini
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, CEP 18618-970, Brazil
| | - Drausio Honorio Morais
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Monte Carmelo, Minas Gerais, CEP 38500-000, Brazil
| | - Fernando Ribeiro Gomes
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, CEP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo José da Silva
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, CEP 18618-970, Brazil
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Costa HC, Santana DJ. The dangers of inadequate literature search to nomenclatural stability: the case of the nomina Hyla quoyi Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1828 and Hyla prasina Burmeister, 1856 (Amphibia: Anura). ZOOSYSTEMA 2018. [DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2018v40a22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henrique C. Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, 31270-90, MG (Brazil)
| | - Diego J. Santana
- Laboratório de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Campo Grande, MS (Brazil)
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Martins-Sobrinho PM, Silva WGDO, Santos EGD, Moura GJBD, Oliveira JBD. Helminths of some tree frogs of the families Hylidae and Phyllomedusidae in an Atlantic rainforest fragment, Brazil. J NAT HIST 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2017.1337945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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da Graça RJ, Oda FH, Lima FS, Guerra V, Gambale PG, Takemoto RM. Metazoan endoparasites of 18 anuran species from the mesophytic semideciduous Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil. J NAT HIST 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2017.1296197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo J. da Graça
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Comparada, Maringá, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aqüicultura, Laboratório de Ictioparasitologia, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Fabrício H. Oda
- Centro Universitário Cesumar, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Promoção da Saúde, Maringá, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aqüicultura, Laboratório de Ictioparasitologia, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Flávia S. Lima
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Comparada, Maringá, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aqüicultura, Laboratório de Ictioparasitologia, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Guerra
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Maringá, Brazil
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Herpetologia e Comportamento Animal, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Priscilla G. Gambale
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Maringá, Brazil
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Herpetologia e Comportamento Animal, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Ricardo M. Takemoto
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Comparada, Maringá, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aqüicultura, Laboratório de Ictioparasitologia, Maringá, Brazil
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McAllister CT, Bursey CR, Robison HW, Connior MB. Parasites of the Ozark Zig-Zag Salamander, Plethodon angusticlavius (Caudata: Plethodontidae), from Northern Arkansas. COMP PARASITOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1654/4600.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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