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Spitznagel K, Sadar MJ, Terhaar H, Brandao J, Teixeira L, de Linde Henriksen M. Iridial melanocytoma in a ferruginous hawk (Buteo regalis): A case report and review of avian melanocytic neoplasia. Vet Ophthalmol 2023; 26:464-471. [PMID: 37581472 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
A 21-year-old, suspected female captive ferruginous hawk (Buteo regalis) was followed for 3 years due to an iridial mass of the left eye (OS) that progressively increased in size. Enucleation of OS was eventually recommended due to the iridial mass taking up approximately 75% of the anterior chamber, and the bird seemed less active. A complete physical examination, complete blood cell count, biochemistry, and survey radiographs were performed pre-surgery with no findings indicating metastasis. A subconjunctival enucleation was performed and the globe was submitted for histopathology through the Comparative Ocular Pathology Lab of Wisconsin. The histopathologic evaluation determined the mass to be consistent with an iris melanocytoma, which has not been previously reported in this species. The patient recovered well from surgery and has remained comfortable and active for 117 days post-surgery. This case report aimed to review the current available information on avian ocular neoplasms as well as describe the clinical presentation, medical management and surgical procedure, and long-term follow-up for this patient to enhance clinical understanding of the behavior of iris melanocytic tumors in avian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya Spitznagel
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, James L. Voss Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Miranda J Sadar
- Avian, Exotic, and Zoological Medicine Service, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Hannah Terhaar
- Comparative Ophthalmology Service, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Joao Brandao
- Zoological Medicine Service, Department of Clinical Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Leandro Teixeira
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin (COPLOW), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michala de Linde Henriksen
- Comparative Ophthalmology Service, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Comparative Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Darden JE, Hoppes SM, Aceino AM, Porter BF, Scott EM. Uveal Malignant Melanoma in a Hybrid Macaw Parrot ( Ara chloropterus × Ara militaris). J Avian Med Surg 2021; 35:367-373. [PMID: 34677036 DOI: 10.1647/20-00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An adult male green-winged (Ara chloropterus) × military (Ara militaris) hybrid macaw of unknown age was presented to the Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital for evaluation of left periocular swelling, blepharospasm, and ocular discharge. Complete ophthalmic examination and B mode ocular ultrasonography were performed to evaluate the affected eye. Ocular examination revealed a blind left globe with exophthalmos, periocular swelling, diffuse corneal edema, and severe anterior fibrinous uveitis obscuring visualization of the intraocular structures. An ultrasound examination revealed a hyperechoic mass that filled the posterior segment of the globe. Focal discontinuity of the posterior sclera suggested scleral rupture. Enucleation with histopathology was recommended and performed 1.5 months later. Intraoperatively, a heavily pigmented and friable soft tissue mass extruded through the posterior sclera and extended into the orbit. Histologically, the mass was consistent with a malignant melanoma. The patient died 18 hours after the surgical procedure because of unknown complications. Postmortem examination did not identify evidence of metastasis. This study described the clinical appearance and histopathologic findings of a rare ocular neoplasm with extrascleral extension in a hybrid macaw. Although uncommon in psittacine birds, primary ocular melanocytic neoplasms may display features of malignancy with scleral or orbital invasion, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua E Darden
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, TX 77843, USA
| | - Sharman M Hoppes
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, TX 77843, USA
| | - Alexander M Aceino
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, TX 77843, USA
| | - Brian F Porter
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, TX 77843, USA
| | - Erin M Scott
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, TX 77843, USA,
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Braud C, Graillot O, Leclerc A, Nicolau A, Goddard N, Ruel Y, Lemberger K, Mulot B. Malignant Melanoma in a Long-legged Buzzard ( Buteo rufinus): Characterization of Clinical and Histologic Lesions. J Avian Med Surg 2021; 35:80-85. [PMID: 33892593 DOI: 10.1647/1082-6742-35.1.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 17-year-old, male long-legged buzzard (Buteo rufinus) presented for acute lethargy and black gelatinous tissue in both nostrils. Despite intensive care, the bird died within 2 days. A postmortem computed tomographic scan of the head revealed a complete obstruction of the rostral infraorbital sinus, later confirmed by necropsy. Postmortem examination also highlighted multifocal, black, infiltrating nodules of various sizes (2 mm to 2 cm in diameter) in almost all internal organs: lungs, heart (pericardium, myocardium, endocardium), kidneys, pancreas, adrenals, muscles, and bones (periosteum and medulla). Histologically, the nodules were composed of anaplastic cells containing abundant melanin pigment, consistent with a disseminated melanoma. Malignant melanomas are aggressive neoplasms frequently reported in mammals but rarely found in avian species. In Accipitridae and Falconidae, only 2 cases have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Braud
- ZooParc de Beauval & Beauval Nature, Route du Blanc, 41110 Saint Aignan sur Cher, France,
| | - Océane Graillot
- ZooParc de Beauval & Beauval Nature, Route du Blanc, 41110 Saint Aignan sur Cher, France
| | - Antoine Leclerc
- ZooParc de Beauval & Beauval Nature, Route du Blanc, 41110 Saint Aignan sur Cher, France
| | - Amélie Nicolau
- ZooParc de Beauval & Beauval Nature, Route du Blanc, 41110 Saint Aignan sur Cher, France
| | - Nicolas Goddard
- ZooParc de Beauval & Beauval Nature, Route du Blanc, 41110 Saint Aignan sur Cher, France
| | - Yannick Ruel
- Advetia Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire, 78140 Vélizy Villacoublay, France
| | | | - Baptiste Mulot
- ZooParc de Beauval & Beauval Nature, Route du Blanc, 41110 Saint Aignan sur Cher, France
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Sugiyama A, Schartl M, Naruse K. Histopathologic features of melanocytic tumors in Xiphophorus melanoma receptor kinase ( xmrk)-transgenic medaka ( Oryzias latipes). J Toxicol Pathol 2019; 32:111-117. [PMID: 31092978 PMCID: PMC6511542 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2018-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanocytic tumors in Xiphophorus melanoma receptor kinase
(xmrk)-transgenic Carbio and HB11A strains of medaka were examined
histopathologically at 7 months post-hatching. Medaka of both strains developed
melanocytic tumors with a penetrance of 100%. In both strains, neoplastic cells containing
intracytoplasmic melanin pigment granules showed significant invasive growth patterns. In
addition, epithelioid neoplastic cells were arranged in solid nests, and spindle
neoplastic cells were arranged in interlacing streams and bundles. Nuclear atypia,
anisokaryosis, cellular pleomorphism, and the appearance of anaplastic giant cells
containing multiple nuclei or a single nucleus were observed in neoplastic lesions in both
medaka strains. However, neither strain exhibited mitotic figures or invasion of blood
vessels by neoplastic cells. Based on these histopathologic findings, the tumors were
diagnosed as malignant melanoma. This is the first report of detailed histomorphologic
characteristics of malignant melanoma in xmrk-transgenic medaka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Sugiyama
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Manfred Schartl
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, University of Wűrzburg, Am Hubland, Wűrzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Kiyoshi Naruse
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
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