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Chen JC, Yang F, Duan MH, Li ZE, Dai Y, Zhang M, Yang F. Pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in pigeons after single intravenous, oral, and intramuscular administration. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102869. [PMID: 37390554 PMCID: PMC10466232 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in pigeons. Twenty-four 7-wk-old meat pigeons (Columba livia) were randomly divided into 3 groups (PO, IM, and IV) and given a single dose of 1 mg/kg body weight of meloxicam. Plasma samples were taken at predetermined times, which were then analyzed using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method and subjected to noncompartmental analysis using Phoenix software. Results indicated that meloxicam was absorbed effectively and quickly after PO and IM dosing. Peak concentrations (0.83 ± 0.21 and 1.59 ± 0.49 μg/mL) were achieved at 2 and 0.26 h, respectively, with mean absorption times of 2.56 ± 1.50 and 1.47 ± 0.89 h. Bioavailability was high at 86.31 ± 43.45% and 81.57 ± 52.58%, respectively, and the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0-∞) was 5.33 ± 2.68 and 5.03 ± 3.26 h·µg/mL. After IV administration, the elimination was faster with a total body clearance (CL) of 188.75 ± 83.23 mL/h/kg, an elimination half-life (t1/2λz) of 1.76 ± 0.56 h, and a volume of distribution at steady-state (VSS) of 427.50 ± 188.43 mL/kg. Considering the lack of a precise analgesic threshold of meloxicam in pigeons and the notable differences in its analgesic threshold among various animal species, formulating a dosing regimen in pigeons presented a significant challenge. Based on the previous analgesic threshold (3.5 μg/mL) in parrots, a higher dose (e.g., 2 mg/kg) or shorter dosing interval (e.g., every 6 h) is recommended for treating pain in pigeons. Nonetheless, further pharmacodynamic research is required to verify these recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Cheng Chen
- Department of Animal Pharmacy, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Animal Pharmacy, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Ming-Hui Duan
- Department of Animal Pharmacy, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Ze-En Li
- Department of Animal Pharmacy, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yan Dai
- Department of Animal Pharmacy, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Animal Pharmacy, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Animal Pharmacy, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China.
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Shao HT, Gao L, Li HT, Zhang M, Chen JC, Duan MH, Li ZE, Dai Y, Li XP, Yang F. Egg residue and depletion of meloxicam in Jing Hong laying hens following multiple oral doses. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102761. [PMID: 37270891 PMCID: PMC10258491 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Meloxicam is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) commonly used in an extra-label manner in commercial laying hens for the treatment of foot lesions, which are a common issue in this species. The present study aimed to determine the depletion profiles of meloxicam in eggs with multiple oral administration under 2 different dosing regimens and to further recommend reasonable withdrawal intervals (WDIs). Meloxicam (1 mg/kg) was administered orally to laying hens under 2 dosing schedules: 10 doses at 24-h intervals and 15 doses at 12-h intervals. Eggs were collected daily after the first dosing, and meloxicam concentrations in both yolk and white were determined by a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The weight ratio of white to yolk in the whole egg was 1.54 (the mean of 20 eggs with repeated tests), and this value combined with the meloxicam concentrations in white and yolk were used to calculate the drug concentrations in whole eggs. Meloxicam was quickly eliminated from egg white, and its concentrations could only be quantified at 2 time points during the elimination phase. The elimination half-lives in yolk and whole egg were 3.07 ± 1.00 and 2.98 ± 0.88 d, respectively, after 10 repeated doses. And the corresponding elimination half-lives were 2.30 ± 0.83 and 2.18 ± 0.67 d, respectively, after repeated 15 doses. Considering the time when meloxicam was not detectable in eggs with the time of ovum development and maturation, a withdrawal interval (WDI) was suggested as 17 d for both dosing schedules. The current results enriched the study on the residue of meloxicam in domestic Jing Hong laying hens and provided WDIs to help ensure animal-derived food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Tian Shao
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Liang Gao
- College of Animal Science, Yili Vocational and Technical College, Yili 835000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hao-Tian Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Jun-Cheng Chen
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Ming-Hui Duan
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Ze-En Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yan Dai
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Xing-Ping Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China.
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Sanchez-Migallon Guzman D, Hawkins MG. Treatment of Pain in Birds. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2023; 26:83-120. [PMID: 36402490 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the current understanding of evidence-based clinical analgesic use in birds. The field of avian analgesia has dramatically expanded during the last 20 years, affording more options for alleviating both acute and chronic pain. These options include opioids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, local anesthetics, and/or other drugs like gabapentin, amantadine, and cannabinoids, acting at different points in the nociceptive system thereby helping to provide greater pain relief while reducing the risk of adverse effects when combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sanchez-Migallon Guzman
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Michelle G Hawkins
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Kubiak M. Administering analgesia to birds: NSAIDs, opioids and other agents. IN PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/inpr.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Houck EL, Petritz OA, Chen LR, Fletcher OJ, Thomson AE, Flammer K. Clinicopathologic, Gross Necropsy, and Histopathologic Effects of High-Dose, Repeated Meloxicam Administration in Rhode Island Red Chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). J Avian Med Surg 2022; 36:128-139. [DOI: 10.1647/20-00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Stilz CR, Cox S, Bergman J, Gerhardt L, Singleton S, Harvill L, Souza MJ. Pharmacokinetics and Egg Residues of Oral Meloxicam in Bantam Cochin Chickens. J Avian Med Surg 2022; 36:140-144. [DOI: 10.1647/21-00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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A web-based interactive physiologically based pharmacokinetic (iPBPK) model for meloxicam in broiler chickens and laying hens. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 168:113332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Shao HT, Yang F, Chen JC, Zhang M, Song ZW, Yang F. Pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in laying hens after single intravenous, oral, and intramuscular administration. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2022; 45:488-494. [PMID: 35717631 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam after a single intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and oral (PO) dose at 1 mg/kg body weight in Jing Hong laying hens. Blood samples were collected at predetermined time points. Plasma meloxicam concentrations were determined using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay method and then subjected to a non-compartmental analysis. After IV administration, meloxicam had a mean (±SD) volume of distribution at steady-state (Vdss ) of 206.50 ± 25.23 ml/kg, a terminal half-life (t1/2λ ) of 5.45 ± 0.53 h, and a total body clearance (Cl) of 26.48 ± 4.13 ml/h/kg. After PO and IM administration, meloxicam was absorbed relatively rapidly: the peak concentrations (Cmax s) of 3.04 ± 0.56 and 8.94 ± 2.31 μg/ml were observed at 3.08 and 0.80 h, respectively. After PO and IM administration, the absolute bioavailability (F) was determined as 70.13% and 125.50%, respectively. Assuming that hens shared the same analgesic threshold of meloxicam (0.5 μg/ml) with humans, the plasma concentrations after three different routes (PO, IM, and IV) of administration were above this value for 16.7, 19.2, and 14.9 h, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Tian Shao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Fang Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jun-Cheng Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Zhe-Wen Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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Residue depletion profiles and withdrawal interval estimations of meloxicam in eggs and ovarian follicles following intravenous (Meloxicam solution for injection) and oral (Meloxidyl®) administration in domestic chickens (Gallus domesticus). Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 132:105170. [PMID: 35460801 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Meloxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) commonly prescribed in an extralabel manner for treating chickens in urbanized settings. The objectives of this study were to determine meloxicam depletion profiles in eggs and ovarian follicles and to estimate associated withdrawal intervals (WDI) in laying hens following a single intravenous or repeated oral administration. The observed peak concentration of meloxicam in ovarian follicles were consistently higher than in egg yolk and egg white samples. Terminal half-lives were 31-h, 113-h and 12-h in ovarian follicles, egg yolk and egg white samples, respectively, for repeated oral administrations at 1 mg/kg for 20 doses at 12-h intervals. The terminal half-life following a single intravenous administration at 1 mg/kg was 50-h for ovarian follicles. Meloxicam WDI estimations using ovarian follicle and egg yolk concentration data following 20 doses at 12-h intervals were 36 and 12 days, respectively. Meloxicam WDI estimation using egg yolk concentration data following 8 doses at 24-h intervals was 12 days. These results improve our understanding on the residue depletion of meloxicam from chickens' reproductive tracts and egg products and provide WDIs to help ensure food safety for humans consuming eggs from treated laying hens.
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Richards ED, Dutch RS, Burmas NC, Davis JL, Lin Z, Clapham MO, Wetzlich SE, Tell LA. Pharmacokinetic Parameters and Estimating Extra-Label Tissue Withdrawal Intervals Using Three Approaches and Various Matrices for Domestic Laying Chickens Following Meloxicam Administration. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:826367. [PMID: 35310412 PMCID: PMC8927936 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.826367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Meloxicam is commonly prescribed for treating chickens in backyard or small commercial operations despite a paucity of scientific data establishing tissue withdrawal interval recommendations following extra-label drug use (ELDU). Historically, ELDU withdrawal intervals (WDIs) following meloxicam administration to chickens have been based on the time when meloxicam concentrations fall below detectable concentrations in plasma and egg samples. To date, no studies have addressed tissue residues. ELDU WDIs are commonly calculated using terminal elimination half-lives derived from pharmacokinetic studies. This study estimated pharmacokinetic parameters for laying hens following meloxicam administration and compared ELDU WDIs calculated using tissue terminal elimination half-lives vs. those calculated using FDA tolerance and EMA's maximum regulatory limit statistical methods, respectively. In addition, ELDU WDIs were calculated using plasma meloxicam concentrations from live birds to determine if plasma data could be used as a proxy for estimating tissue WDIs. Healthy domestic hens were administered meloxicam at 1 mg/kg intravenous (IV) once, 1 mg/kg orally (PO) once daily for eight doses or 1 mg/kg PO twice daily for 20 doses. Analytical method validation was performed and meloxicam concentrations were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. In general, the terminal elimination technique resulted in the longest ELDU WDIs, followed by the FDA tolerance and then EMA's maximum residue limit methods. The longest ELDU WDIs were 72, 96, and 384 (or 120 excluding fat) h for the IV, PO once daily for eight doses, and PO twice daily for 20 doses, respectively. Plasma data are a possible dataset for estimating a baseline for tissue ELDU WDI estimations when tissue data are not available for chickens treated with meloxicam. Finally, pharmacokinetic parameters were similar in laying hens to those published for other avian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily D. Richards
- Food Animal Residue Avoidance and Depletion Program, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | - Nathaniel C. Burmas
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer L. Davis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Zhoumeng Lin
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Maaike O. Clapham
- Food Animal Residue Avoidance and Depletion Program, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Scott E. Wetzlich
- Food Animal Residue Avoidance and Depletion Program, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Lisa A. Tell
- Food Animal Residue Avoidance and Depletion Program, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Souza MJ, Gerhardt LE, Shannon L, Fortner C, Davis R, Condon M, Bergman JB, Cox SK. Breed differences in the pharmacokinetics of orally administered meloxicam in domestic chickens ( Gallus domesticus). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 259:84-87. [PMID: 34125605 DOI: 10.2460/javma.259.1.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in Wyandotte hens and duration and quantity of drug residues in their eggs following PO administration of a single dose (1 mg of meloxicam/kg [0.45 mg of meloxicam/lb]) and compare results with those previously published for White Leghorn hens. ANIMALS 8 healthy adult Wyandotte hens. PROCEDURES Hens were administered 1 mg of meloxicam/kg, PO, once. A blood sample was collected immediately before and at intervals up to 48 hours after drug administration. The hens' eggs were collected for 3 weeks after drug administration. Samples of the hens' plasma and egg whites (albumen) and yolks were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Mean ± SD terminal half-life, maximum concentration, and time to maximum concentration were 5.53 ± 1.37 hours, 6.25 ± 1.53 μg/mL, and 3.25 ± 2.12 hours, respectively. Mean ± SD number of days meloxicam was detected in egg whites and yolks after drug administration was 4.25 ± 2 days and 9.0 ± 1.5 days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Compared with White Leghorn hens, meloxicam in Wyandotte hens had a longer terminal half-life, greater area under the plasma concentration-versus-time curve from time 0 to infinity, a smaller elimination rate constant, and a longer mean residence time-versus-time curve from time 0 to infinity, and drug persisted longer in their egg yolks. Therefore, the oral dosing interval of meloxicam may be greater for Wyandotte hens. Results may aid veterinarians on appropriate dosing of meloxicam to Wyandotte hens and inform regulatory agencies on appropriate withdrawal times.
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Sartini I, Łebkowska-Wieruszewska B, Lisowski A, Poapolathep A, Owen H, Giorgi M. Pharmacokinetic profiles of meloxicam after single IV and PO administration in Bilgorajska geese. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2020; 43:26-32. [PMID: 31579940 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was two-fold: I) to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of meloxicam (MLX) in geese after intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) administration and II) to assess tissue residues in muscle, heart, liver, lung, and kidney. Ten clinically normal female Bilgorajska geese were divided into two groups (treated, n = 8; control, n = 2). Group 1 underwent a 3-phase parallel study with a 1-week washout period. In phase I, animals received MLX (0.5 mg/kg) by IV administration; the blood was collected up to 48 hr. In phases II and III geese were treated orally at the same dosage for the collection of blood and tissue samples, respectively. Group 2 served as control. After the extraction procedure, a validated HPLC method with UV detection was used for plasma and organ analysis. The plasma concentrations were quantifiable up to 24 hr after both the administrations. The elimination phase of MLX from plasma was similar in both the administration groups. The clearance was slow (0.00975 L/hr*Kg), the volume of distribution small (0.0487 L/kg), and the IV half-life was 5.06 ± 2.32 hr. The average absolute PO bioavailability was 64.2 ± 24.0%. Residues of MLX were lower than the LOQ (0.1 µg/kg) in any tested tissue and at any collection time. The dosage used in this study achieved the plasma concentration, which provides analgesia in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots for 5 out of 24 hr after PO administration. MLX tissue concentrations were below the LOD of the assay in tissue (0.03 µg/ml). A more sensitive technique might be necessary to determine likely residue concentrations in tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sartini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Andrzej Lisowski
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Biodiversity Conservation, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Amnart Poapolathep
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Helen Owen
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Queensland, Gatton, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mario Giorgi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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