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He QL, Deng K, Wang XP, Chen QH, Wang TL, Wang JC, Cui JG. Heterospecific eavesdropping on disturbance cues of a treefrog. Anim Cogn 2023; 26:515-522. [PMID: 36131103 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-022-01690-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Alarm signals and cues are crucial to animal survival and vary greatly across species. Eavesdropping on heterospecific alarm signals and cues can provide eavesdroppers with information about potential threats. In addition to acoustic alarm signals, evidence has accumulated that chemical alarm cues and disturbance cues can also play a role in alerting conspecifics to potential danger in adult anurans (frogs and toads). However, there is very little known about whether disturbance cues are exploited by heterospecifics. In the present study, we conducted a binary choice experiment and a prey chemical discrimination experiment, respectively, to test the responses of a sympatric anuran species (red webbed treefrogs, Rhacophorus rhodopus) and a sympatric predator species (Chinese green tree vipers, Trimeresurus stejnegeri) to disturbance odors emitted by serrate-legged small treefrogs (Kurixalus odontotarsus). In the binary choice experiment, we found that the presence of disturbance odors did not significantly trigger the avoidance behavior of R. rhodopus. In the prey chemical discrimination experiment, compared with odors from undisturbed K. odontotarsus (control odors) and odorless control, T. stejnegeri showed a significantly higher tongue-flick rate in response to disturbance odors. This result implies that disturbance odor cues of K. odontotarsus can be exploited by eavesdropping predators to detect prey. Our study provides partial evidence for heterospecific eavesdropping on disturbance cues and has an important implication for understanding heterospecific eavesdropping on chemical cues of adult anurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Ling He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.9 Section 4, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ke Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.9 Section 4, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Xiao-Ping Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.9 Section 4, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qing-Hua Chen
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Tong-Liang Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China
| | - Ji-Chao Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China
| | - Jian-Guo Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.9 Section 4, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Nafus MG, Xiong PX, Paxton EH, Yackel Adams AA, Goetz SM. Foraging behavior in a generalist snake (brown treesnake, Boiga irregularis) with implications for avian reintroduction and recovery. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2021.105450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yang CK, Mori A. The Green Bamboo Pit Viper, Trimeresurus stejnegeri, Discriminates Chemical Stimuli Among Anuran Species. CURRENT HERPETOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.5358/hsj.40.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Kai Yang
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606–8502, JAPAN
| | - Akira Mori
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606–8502, JAPAN
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Ryerson WG. Captivity Affects Head Morphology and Allometry in Headstarted Garter Snakes, Thamnophis sirtalis. Integr Comp Biol 2020; 60:476-486. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icaa020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn response to the growing number of amphibian and reptiles species in decline, many conservation managers have implemented captive breeding and headstarting programs in an effort to restore these populations. However, many of these programs suffer from low survival success, and it is often unclear as to why some individuals do not survive after reintroduction. Here I document changes to head morphology in the eastern garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis, in response to time spent in captivity. Thamnophis raised on three diet treatments all differed in head size from wild individuals, and head size differed between the three treatments. Overall, head size was smaller in all three diet treatments than in wild snakes, potentially limiting the available prey for the captive garter snakes. Allometric patterns of growth in head size were also different for each diet treatment. Several potential implications of these changes in morphology are discussed, and what these changes may mean for other species that are part of headstarting and reintroduction programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Ryerson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Saint Anselm College, 100 Saint Anselm Drive, Manchester, NH 03102, USA
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Ontogeny of strike performance in ball pythons (Python regius): a three-year longitudinal study. ZOOLOGY 2020; 140:125780. [PMID: 32289748 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2020.125780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The rapid strike of snakes has long been of interest in terms of mechanical performance. Recently, several nonvenomous taxa have been found to strike with the same incredible strike velocity and acceleration as the high-performing vipers. However, little is known regarding how these patterns change through ontogeny. Here I present ontogenetic strike data on ten ball pythons (Python regius) over a three year time period, from birth to sexual maturity. I found that performance declined rapidly over the first 18 months in nearly all kinematic measures. This puts the adult data out of the currently developing trend of high performance being maintained across the diversity of snakes. The underlying cause of the decline in performance is unclear, but there are several avenues of behavior, morphology, biomechanics, and ecology to be investigated.
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Folt B, McGowan CP, Steen DA, Piccolomini S, Hoffman M, Godwin JC, Guyer C. Modeling strategies and evaluating success during repatriations of elusive and endangered species. Anim Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Folt
- Alabama Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences Auburn University Auburn AL USA
| | - C. P. McGowan
- U.S. Geological Survey Alabama Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences Auburn University Auburn AL USA
| | - D. A. Steen
- Georgia Sea Turtle Center Jekyll Island Authority Jekyll Island GA USA
| | - S. Piccolomini
- Department of Biological Sciences and Auburn University Museum of Natural History Auburn University Auburn AL USA
| | - M. Hoffman
- The Orianne Center for Indigo Conservation Central Florida Zoo and Botanical Gardens Sanford FL USA
| | - J. C. Godwin
- Department of Biological Sciences and Auburn University Museum of Natural History Auburn University Auburn AL USA
| | - C. Guyer
- Department of Biological Sciences and Auburn University Museum of Natural History Auburn University Auburn AL USA
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Goetz SM, Piccolomini S, Hoffman M, Bogan J, Holding ML, Mendonça MT, Steen DA. Serum-based inhibition of pitviper venom by eastern indigo snakes ( Drymarchon couperi). Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.040964. [PMID: 30824421 PMCID: PMC6451346 DOI: 10.1242/bio.040964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
When organisms possess chemical defenses, their predators may eventually evolve resistance to their toxins. Eastern indigo snakes (Drymarchon couperi; EIS) prey on pitvipers and are suspected to possess physiological resistance to their venom. In this study, we formally investigated this hypothesis using microassays that measured the ability of EIS blood sera to inhibit (A) hemolytic and (B) snake venom metalloproteinase (SVMP) activity of copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix) venom. To serve as controls, we also tested the inhibitory ability of sera from house mice (Mus musculus) and checkered gartersnakes (Thamnophis marcianus), a snake that does not feed on pitvipers. Sera from both EIS and gartersnakes inhibited over 60% of SVMP activity, while only EIS sera also inhibited venom hemolytic activity (78%). Our results demonstrate that EIS serum is indeed capable of inhibiting two of the primary classes of toxins found in copperhead venom, providing the first empirical evidence suggesting that EIS possess physiological resistance to venom upon injection. Because we documented resistance to hemolytic components of pitviper venom within EIS but not gartersnakes, we speculate this resistance may be driven by selection from feeding on pitvipers while resistance to SVMP may be relatively widespread among snakes. Summary: We confirm eastern indigo snakes possess a physiological resistance to pitviper venom and speculate that venom resistance in snakes may be a product of antagonistic interactions and phylogenetically conserved traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Goetz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Sara Piccolomini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Michelle Hoffman
- Orianne Center for Indigo Conservation, Central Florida Zoo & Botanical Gardens, Eustis, FL 32736, USA
| | - James Bogan
- Orianne Center for Indigo Conservation, Central Florida Zoo & Botanical Gardens, Eustis, FL 32736, USA
| | - Matthew L Holding
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
| | - Mary T Mendonça
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - David A Steen
- Georgia Sea Turtle Center, Jekyll Island Authority, Jekyll Island, GA 31527, USA
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