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Meneses CG, Pitogo KME, Supsup CE, Brown RM. Philippine herpetology (Amphibia, Reptilia), 20 years on: two decades of progress towards an increasingly collaborative, equitable, and inclusive approach to the study of the archipelago's amphibians and reptiles. Zookeys 2024; 1190:213-257. [PMID: 38327266 PMCID: PMC10848817 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1190.109586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
A first review of the history, status, and prospects for Philippine herpetology conducted more than two decades ago (2002) summarized the diverse topics studied and highlighted the development and achievements in research up to the year 2000. This study revisits and re-assesses what Philippine herpetology has accomplished, both as a discipline and a community, during the last two decades (2002-2022). A total of 423 herpetological publications was collated, revealing a substantial increase in annual publications, rising from approximately four per year during 2002-2008 to around 28 per year in 2009-2022. Half of the published studies focused on squamate reptiles (lizards 30.5%, snakes 21%) and 28.4% on amphibians, 5.9% on turtles, and 2.6% on crocodiles. The remaining 11.6% of studies focused simultaneously on multiple taxa (i.e., faunal inventories). Diversity and distribution (35.2%) and ecological (26.5%) studies remained popular, while studies on taxonomy (14.9%), phylogenetics and biogeography (11.8%), and conservation (11.6%) all increased. However, geographical gaps persist urging immediate surveys in many understudied regions of the country. Finally, we found a balanced representation between Filipino and foreign first authors (1.0:1.1), yet a substantial gender gap exists between male and female first authors (7.1:1.0). Nonetheless, the steep increase in publications and the diversity of people engaged in Philippine herpetology is a remarkable positive finding compared to the 20 years preceding the last review (1980-2000). Our hope is that the next decades will bring increasingly equitable, internationally collaborative, and broadly inclusive engagement in the study of amphibians and reptiles in the Philippines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila G. Meneses
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USAUniversity of KansasLawrenceUnited States of America
| | - Kier Mitchel E. Pitogo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USAUniversity of KansasLawrenceUnited States of America
| | - Christian E. Supsup
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USAUniversity of KansasLawrenceUnited States of America
| | - Rafe M. Brown
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USAUniversity of KansasLawrenceUnited States of America
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Responte M, Chiu Y, Peng P, Brown RM, Dai C, Su Y. Northward geographic diversification of a kleptoparasitic spider Argyrodes lanyuensis (Araneae, Theridiidae) from the Philippine Archipelago to Orchid Island. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:11241-11266. [PMID: 34429915 PMCID: PMC8366866 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Oceanic islands are unique geographic systems that promote local adaptations and allopatric speciation in many of their highly endemic taxa. This is a common case in the Philippine Archipelago, where numerous unrelated taxa on islands have been inferred to have diversified in isolation. However, few cases have been reported in invertebrates especially among parasitic organisms. Here, we tested for biogeographical structure in novel populations of the "generalist" kleptoparasitic spider, Argyrodes lanyuensis Yoshida, Tso & Severinghaus, 1998 in the Philippines. Results showed that, in addition to Orchid/Lanyu Island, this species has a wide geographic distribution in the Philippine Archipelago. The estimated divergence time of this lineage using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (mt-CO1) suggests that this species diverged ca 3.12 MYA, during the Pliocene. Two reciprocal monophyletic clades were elucidated in A. lanyuensis, but with limited differentiation across Pleistocene Aggregate Island Complex (PAIC) boundaries and modern-day islands. However, in our analyses of morphological variation, we identified two phenotypically differentiated units in males (Orchid Island, Taiwan + Luzon, Philippine PAIC populations vs. Palawan + West Visayan + Mindanao PAIC populations). We infer that this species diverged in the southern portion of the Philippine Archipelago and only recently colonized Orchid Island. Our study provides new information on the extensive distribution of A. lanyuensis outside Orchid Island, Taiwan, but we documented a very limited geographically associated genetic variation. Our study points to behavioral phenomena such as foraging behavior as essential contributor to the evolutionary process of species diversification, in contrast to the traditionally invoked geographic drivers of divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mae Responte
- Graduate Institute of MedicineCollege of MedicineKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental StudiesCollege of Science and MathematicsUniversity of the Philippines MindanaoDavao CityPhilippines
| | - Yi‐Fan Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental BiologyCollege of Life ScienceKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Po Peng
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental BiologyCollege of Life ScienceKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Rafe M. Brown
- Biodiversity InstituteDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of KansasLawrenceKansasUSA
| | - Chia‐Yen Dai
- Department of MedicineCollege of MedicineKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Yong‐Chao Su
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental BiologyCollege of Life ScienceKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
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Freitas ES, Datta-Roy A, Karanth P, Grismer LL, Siler CD. Multilocus phylogeny and a new classification for African, Asian and Indian supple and writhing skinks (Scincidae: Lygosominae). Zool J Linn Soc 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe genera Lepidothyris, Lygosoma and Mochlus comprise the writhing or supple skinks, a group of semi-fossorial, elongate-bodied skinks distributed across the Old World Tropics. Due to their generalized morphology and lack of diagnostic characters, species- and clade-level relationships have long been debated. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies of the group have provided some clarification of species-level relationships, but a number of issues regarding higher level relationships among genera still remain. Here we present a phylogenetic estimate of relationships among species in Lygosoma, Mochlus and Lepidothyris generated by concatenated and species tree analyses of multilocus data using the most extensive taxonomic sampling of the group to date. We also use multivariate statistics to examine species and clade distributions in morpho space. Our results reject the monophyly of Lygosoma s.l., Lygosoma s.s. and Mochlus, which highlights the instability of the current taxonomic classification of the group. We, therefore, revise the taxonomy of the writhing skinks to better reflect the evolutionary history of Lygosoma s.l. by restricting Lygosoma for Southeast Asia, resurrecting the genus Riopa for a clade of Indian and Southeast Asian species, expanding the genus Mochlus to include all African species of writhing skinks and describing a new genus in Southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse S Freitas
- Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History and Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Aniruddha Datta-Roy
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Praveen Karanth
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - L Lee Grismer
- Department of Biology, La Sierra University, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Cameron D Siler
- Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History and Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
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New Supple Skink, GenusLygosoma(Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae), from Indochina and Redescription ofLygosoma quadrupes(). J HERPETOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1670/16-064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Wagner GP, Griffith OW, Bergmann PJ, Bello‐Hellegouarch G, Kohlsdorf T, Bhullar A, Siler CD. Are there general laws for digit evolution in squamates? The loss and re‐evolution of digits in a clade of fossorial lizards (
Brachymeles
, Scincinae). J Morphol 2018; 279:1104-1119. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Günter P. Wagner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew Haven Connecticut
- Yale Systems Biology Institute, Yale UniversityWest Haven Connecticut
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive SciencesYale Medical SchoolNew Haven Connecticut
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyWayne State UniversityDetroit Michigan
- Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale UniversityNew Haven Connecticut
| | - Oliver W. Griffith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew Haven Connecticut
- Yale Systems Biology Institute, Yale UniversityWest Haven Connecticut
| | | | - Gaelle Bello‐Hellegouarch
- Department of BiologyFFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Avenida BandeirantesRibeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Tiana Kohlsdorf
- Department of BiologyFFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Avenida BandeirantesRibeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Anjan Bhullar
- Department of Geology and GeophysicsYale UniversityNew Haven Connecticut
| | - Cameron D. Siler
- Department of Biology and Sam Noble MuseumUniversity of OklahomaNorman Oklahoma
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Bursey CR, Goldberg SR, Siler CD, Brown RM. New Species ofMeteterakis(Nematoda: Heterakidae) inBrachymelesspp. (Squamata: Scincidae) from the Philippines. COMP PARASITOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1654/1525-2647-84.2.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles R. Bursey
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, Shenango Campus, Sharon, Pennsylvania 16146, U.S.A.
| | | | - Cameron D. Siler
- University of Oklahoma, Sam Noble Museum, Norman, Oklahoma 73072, U.S.A.
| | - Rafe M. Brown
- University of Kansas, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, U.S.A.
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Sanguila MB, Cobb KA, Siler CD, Diesmos AC, Alcala AC, Brown RM. The amphibians and reptiles of Mindanao Island, southern Philippines, II: the herpetofauna of northeast Mindanao and adjacent islands. Zookeys 2016; 624:1-132. [PMID: 27833422 PMCID: PMC5096358 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.624.9814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We summarize all available amphibian and reptile species distribution data from the northeast Mindanao faunal region, including small islands associated with this subcenter of endemic vertebrate biodiversity. Together with all publicly available historical information from biodiversity repositories, we present new data from several major herpetological surveys, including recently conducted inventories on four major mountains of northeast Mindanao, and adjacent islands of Camiguin Sur, Dinagat, and Siargao. We present species accounts for all taxa, comment on unresolved taxonomic problems, and provide revisions to outdated IUCN conservation status assessments in cases where our new data significantly alter earlier classification status summaries. Together, our comprehensive analysis of this fauna suggests that the greater Mindanao faunal region possesses distinct subcenters of amphibian and reptile species diversity, and that until this area is revisited and its fauna and actually studied, with on-the-ground field work including targeted surveys of species distributions coupled to the study their natural history, our understanding of the diversity and conservation status of southern Philippine herpetological fauna will remain incomplete. Nevertheless, the northeast Mindanao geographical area (Caraga Region) appears to have the highest herpetological species diversity (at least 126 species) of any comparably-sized Philippine faunal subregion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marites B. Sanguila
- Biodiversity Informatics and Research Center, Father Saturnino Urios University, San Francisco St., 8600 Butuan City, Philippines
| | - Kerry A. Cobb
- Biodiversity Institute and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7561, USA
| | - Cameron D. Siler
- Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History and Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73072-7029, USA
| | - Arvin C. Diesmos
- Herpetology Section, Zoology Division, Philippine National Museum, Rizal Park, Burgos St., Ermita 1000, Manila, Philippines
| | - Angel C. Alcala
- Angelo King Center for Research and Environmental Management, Silliman University, Dumaguete City 6200, Philippines
| | - Rafe M. Brown
- Biodiversity Institute and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7561, USA
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Siler CD, Welton LJ, Davis DR, Watters JL, Davey CS, Diesmos AC, Diesmos ML, Brown RM. Taxonomic Revision of thePseudogekko compresicorpusComplex (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae), With Descriptions of Three New Species. HERPETOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS 2014. [DOI: 10.1655/herpmonographs-d-14-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Evaluating the Diversity of Philippine Slender Skinks of theBrachymeles bonitaeComplex (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae): Redescription ofB. tridactylusand Descriptions of Two New Species. J HERPETOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1670/13-173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Siler CD, Alex Dececchi T, Merkord CL, Davis DR, Christiani TJ, Brown RM. Cryptic diversity and population genetic structure in the rare, endemic, forest-obligate, slender geckos of the Philippines. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 70:204-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Siler CD, Oliveros CH, Santanen A, Brown RM. Multilocus phylogeny reveals unexpected diversification patterns in Asian wolf snakes (genusLycodon). ZOOL SCR 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron D. Siler
- Department of Biology; University of South Dakota; Vermillion; SD; 57069; USA
| | - Carl H. Oliveros
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Kansas; Lawrence; KS; 66045-7561; USA
| | - Anssi Santanen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Kansas; Lawrence; KS; 66045-7561; USA
| | - Rafe M. Brown
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Kansas; Lawrence; KS; 66045-7561; USA
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