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Shen X, Chen Y, Li C, Yang F, Wen Z, Zheng J, Zhou Z. Rapid and automatic detection of micronuclei in binucleated lymphocytes image. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3913. [PMID: 35273270 PMCID: PMC8913785 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07936-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis block micronucleus (CBMN) assay is a widely used radiation biological dose estimation method. However, the subjectivity and the time-consuming nature of manual detection limits CBMN for rapid standard assay. The CBMN analysis is combined with a convolutional neural network to create a software for rapid standard automated detection of micronuclei in Giemsa stained binucleated lymphocytes images in this study. Cell acquisition, adhesive cell mass segmentation, cell type identification, and micronucleus counting are the four steps of the software's analysis workflow. Even when the cytoplasm is hazy, several micronuclei are joined to each other, or micronuclei are attached to the nucleus, this algorithm can swiftly and efficiently detect binucleated cells and micronuclei in a verification of 2000 images. In a test of 20 slides, the software reached a detection rate of 99.4% of manual detection in terms of binucleated cells, with a false positive rate of 14.7%. In terms of micronuclei detection, the software reached a detection rate of 115.1% of manual detection, with a 26.2% false positive rate. Each image analysis takes roughly 0.3 s, which is an order of magnitude faster than manual detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Shen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Beijing Huironghe Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 101102, China
| | - Chaowen Li
- Beijing Huironghe Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 101102, China
| | - Fucheng Yang
- Beijing Huironghe Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 101102, China
| | - Zhanbo Wen
- Beijing Huironghe Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 101102, China
| | - Jinlin Zheng
- Beijing Huironghe Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 101102, China
| | - Zhenggan Zhou
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Cai TJ, Li S, Lu X, Zhang CF, Yuan JL, Zhang QZ, Tian XL, Lian DX, Li MS, Zhang Z, Liu G, Zhao H, Niu LM, Tian M, Hou CS, Liu QJ. Dose-effect relationships of 12C 6+ ions-induced dicentric plus ring chromosomes, micronucleus and nucleoplasmic bridges in human lymphocytes in vitro. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:657-663. [PMID: 33704009 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1900945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this research was to explore the dose-effect relationships of dicentric plus ring (dic + r), micronucleus (MN) and nucleoplasmic bridges (NPB) induced by carbon ions in human lymphocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Venous blood samples were collected from three healthy donors. 12C6+ ions beam was used to irradiate the blood samples at the energy of 330 MeV and linear energy transfer (LET) of 50 keV/μm with a dose rate of 1 Gy/min in the spread-out Bragg peak. The irradiated doses were 0 (sham irradiation), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 Gy. Dic + r chromosomes aberrations were scored in metaphases. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN) was conducted to analyze MN and NPB. The maximum low-dose relative biological effectiveness (RBEM) values of the induction of dic + r, MN and NPB in human lymphocytes for 12C6+ ions irradiation was calculated relative to 60Co γ-rays. RESULTS The frequencies of dic + r, MN and NPB showed significantly increases in a dose-depended manner after exposure to 12C6+ ions. The distributions of dic + r and MN exhibited overdispersion, while the distribution of NPB agreed with Poisson distribution at all doses. Linear-quadratic equations were established based on the frequencies of dic + r and MN. The dose-response curves of NPB frequencies followed a linear model. The derived RBEM values for dic + r, MN and NPB in human lymphocytes irradiated with 12C6+ ions were 8.07 ± 2.73, 2.69 ± 0.20 and 4.00 ± 2.69 in comparison with 60Co γ-rays. CONCLUSION The dose-response curves of carbon ions-induced dic + r, MN and NPB were constructed. These results could be helpful to improve radiation risk assessment and dose estimation after exposed to carbon ions irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Jing Cai
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xue Lu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Fei Zhang
- Central Medical District of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Long Yuan
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Zhao Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Lei Tian
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - De-Xing Lian
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Sheng Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Gang Liu
- Gansu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Li-Mei Niu
- Gansu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Mei Tian
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Song Hou
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Jie Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
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Masunaga SI, Kobayashi J, Tano K, Sanada Y, Suzuki M, Ono K. The Effect of p53 Status on Radio-Sensitivity of Quiescent Tumor Cell Population Irradiated With γ-Rays at Various Dose Rates. J Clin Med Res 2018; 10:815-821. [PMID: 30344816 PMCID: PMC6188028 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr3610w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the study was to clarify the effect of p53 status of tumor cells on radio-sensitivity of solid tumors following γ-ray irradiation at various dose rates, referring to the response of intratumor quiescent (Q) cells. Methods Human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells transfected with mutant TP53 (SAS/mp53) or with neo vector (SAS/neo) were injected subcutaneously into hind legs of nude mice. Tumor bearing mice received 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine (BrdU) continuously to label all intratumor proliferating (P) cells. They received γ-rays at a high, middle or low dose rate. Immediately or 9 h after the high dose-rate irradiation (HDR, 2.5 Gy/min), or immediately after the middle (MDR, 0.039 Gy/min) or low (LDR, 0.00098 Gy/min) dose-rate irradiation, the tumor cells were isolated and incubated with a cytokinesis blocker, and the micronucleus (MN) frequency in cells without BrdU labeling (Q cells) was determined using immunofluorescence staining for BrdU. Results Following γ-ray irradiation, SAS/neo tumor cells, especially intratumor Q cells, showed a marked reduction in sensitivity due to the recovery from radiation-induced damage, compared with the total or Q cells within SAS/mp53 tumors that showed little repair capacity. The recovery capacities following γ-ray irradiation were greater in Q than total cell population and increased in the following order of 9 h after HDR < MDR < LDR. Thus, the difference in radio-sensitivity between the total (P + Q) and Q cells after γ-ray irradiation increased in the same order. Conclusion To secure controlling solid tumors as a whole, difference in sensitivity between total and Q tumor cells especially in solid tumors irrespective of p53 status has to be suppressed as irradiation dose rate decreases, for instance, through employing combined method for enhancing the response of Q tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Masunaga
- Particle Radiation Biology, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, 2-1010, Asashiro-nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Junya Kobayashi
- Genome Repair Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Keizo Tano
- Particle Radiation Biology, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, 2-1010, Asashiro-nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Yu Sanada
- Particle Radiation Biology, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, 2-1010, Asashiro-nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Minoru Suzuki
- Particle Radiation Oncology, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, 2-1010, Asashiro-nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Koji Ono
- Kansai BNCT Collaborative Research Center, Osaka Medical College, 2-7, Daigaku-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
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Induction of reproductive cell death in Caenorhabditis elegans across entire linear-energy-transfer range of carbon-ion irradiation. DNA Repair (Amst) 2018; 63:39-46. [PMID: 29414052 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Heavy-ion radiation has attracted extensive attention as an effective cancer therapy because of the varying energy deposition along its track and its high cell-killing effect. Reproductive cell death (RCD), also known as clonogenic death, is an important mode of death of the cancer cells after radiotherapy. Although RCD induced by heavy-ion irradiation with various linear energy transfers has been demonstrated using clonogenic assay in vitro, little is known about the distribution of RCD across the range of heavy-ion irradiation at the level of whole organisms. In this study, a vulval tissue model of Caenorhabditis elegans was for the first time used to assess RCD in vivo induced by carbon-ion irradiation. A polymethyl methacrylate wedge was designed to provide a gradually varying thickness of shielding, so worms could be exposed to the entire range of carbon-ion irradiation. The carbon-ion irradiation led to a significant induction of RCD over the entire range in a dose-dependent manner. The biological peak did not correspond to the physical Bragg peak and moved forward, rather than spread forward, as radiation dose increased. The degree and shape of the range-distribution of RCD were also affected by the developmental stages of the worms. The gene mutations in DNA-damage checkpoints did not affect the responses of mutant worms positioned in biological peaks, compared to wild-type worms, but decreased radio-sensitivity in the entrance region. An increased induction of RCD was observed in the worms impaired in homologous recombination (HR), but not in non-homologous end jointing pathway, suggesting a crucial role of HR repair in vulval cells of C. elegans in dealing with the carbon-ion-induced DNA damage. These unique manifestations of RCD in vivo in response to carbon-ion irradiation might provide new clues for further investigating the biological effects of heavy-ion irradiation.
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Cellular responses and gene expression profile changes due to bleomycin-induced DNA damage in human fibroblasts in space. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170358. [PMID: 28248986 PMCID: PMC5332164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Living organisms in space are constantly exposed to radiation, toxic chemicals or reactive oxygen species generated due to increased levels of environmental and psychological stresses. Understanding the impact of spaceflight factors, microgravity in particular, on cellular responses to DNA damage is essential for assessing the radiation risk for astronauts and the mutation rate in microorganisms. In a study conducted on the International Space Station, confluent human fibroblasts in culture were treated with bleomycin for three hours in the true microgravity environment. The degree of DNA damage was quantified by immunofluorescence staining for γ-H2AX, which is manifested in three types of staining patterns. Although similar percentages of these types of patterns were found between flight and ground cells, there was a slight shift in the distribution of foci counts in the flown cells with countable numbers of γ-H2AX foci. Comparison of the cells in confluent and in exponential growth conditions indicated that the proliferation rate between flight and the ground may be responsible for such a shift. We also performed a microarray analysis of gene expressions in response to bleomycin treatment. A qualitative comparison of the responsive pathways between the flown and ground cells showed similar responses with the p53 network being the top upstream regulator. The microarray data was confirmed with a PCR array analysis containing a set of genes involved in DNA damage signaling; with BBC3, CDKN1A, PCNA and PPM1D being significantly upregulated in both flight and ground cells after bleomycin treatment. Our results suggest that whether microgravity affects DNA damage response in space can be dependent on the cell type and cell growth condition.
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Lu T, Zhang Y, Wong M, Feiveson A, Gaza R, Stoffle N, Wang H, Wilson B, Rohde L, Stodieck L, Karouia F, Wu H. Detection of DNA damage by space radiation in human fibroblasts flown on the International Space Station. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2017; 12:24-31. [PMID: 28212705 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although charged particles in space have been detected with radiation detectors on board spacecraft since the discovery of the Van Allen Belts, reports on the effects of direct exposure to space radiation in biological systems have been limited. Measurement of biological effects of space radiation is challenging due to the low dose and low dose rate nature of the radiation environment, and due to the difficulty in distinguishing the radiation effects from microgravity and other space environmental factors. In astronauts, only a few changes, such as increased chromosome aberrations in their lymphocytes and early onset of cataracts, are attributed primarily to their exposure to space radiation. In this study, cultured human fibroblasts were flown on the International Space Station (ISS). Cells were kept at 37°C in space for 14 days before being fixed for analysis of DNA damage with the γ-H2AX assay. The 3-dimensional γ-H2AX foci were captured with a laser confocal microscope. Quantitative analysis revealed several foci that were larger and displayed a track pattern only in the Day 14 flight samples. To confirm that the foci data from the flight study was actually induced from space radiation exposure, cultured human fibroblasts were exposed to low dose rate γ rays at 37°C. Cells exposed to chronic γ rays showed similar foci size distribution in comparison to the non-exposed controls. The cells were also exposed to low- and high-LET protons, and high-LET Fe ions on the ground. Our results suggest that in G1 human fibroblasts under the normal culture condition, only a small fraction of large size foci can be attributed to high-LET radiation in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lu
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA; University of Houston Clear Lake, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ye Zhang
- NASA Kennedy Space Center, Cape Canaveral, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Ramona Gaza
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA; Leidos Exploration & Mission Support, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nicholas Stoffle
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA; Leidos Exploration & Mission Support, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Huichen Wang
- Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, USA
| | | | - Larry Rohde
- University of Houston Clear Lake, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Fathi Karouia
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Honglu Wu
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Zhang Y, Lu T, Wong M, Wang X, Stodieck L, Karouia F, Story M, Wu H. Transient gene and microRNA expression profile changes of confluent human fibroblast cells in spaceflight. FASEB J 2016; 30:2211-24. [PMID: 26917741 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Microgravity, or an altered gravity environment different from the 1 g of the Earth, has been shown to influence global gene expression patterns and protein levels in cultured cells. However, most of the reported studies that have been conducted in space or by using simulated microgravity on the ground have focused on the growth or differentiation of these cells. It has not been specifically addressed whether nonproliferating cultured cells will sense the presence of microgravity in space. In an experiment conducted onboard the International Space Station, confluent human fibroblast cells were fixed after being cultured in space for 3 and 14 d, respectively, to investigate changes in gene and microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in these cells. Results of the experiment showed that on d 3, both the flown and ground cells were still proliferating slowly, as measured by the percentage of Ki-67(+) cells. Gene and miRNA expression data indicated activation of NF-κB and other growth-related pathways that involve hepatocyte growth factor and VEGF as well as the down-regulation of the Let-7 miRNA family. On d 14, when the cells were mostly nonproliferating, the gene and miRNA expression profile of the flight sample was indistinguishable from that of the ground sample. Comparison of gene and miRNA expressions in the d 3 samples, with respect to d 14, revealed that most of the changes observed on d 3 were related to cell growth for both the flown and ground cells. Analysis of cytoskeletal changes via immunohistochemistry staining of the cells with antibodies for α-tubulin and fibronectin showed no difference between the flown and ground samples. Taken together, our study suggests that in true nondividing human fibroblast cells in culture, microgravity experienced in space has little effect on gene and miRNA expression profiles.-Zhang, Y., Lu, T., Wong, M., Wang, X., Stodieck, L., Karouia, F., Story, M., Wu, H. Transient gene and microRNA expression profile changes of confluent human fibroblast cells in spaceflight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Houston, Texas, USA; Wyle Laboratories, Houston, Texas, USA; Kennedy Space Center, NASA, Cape Canaveral, Florida, USA
| | - Tao Lu
- Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Houston, Texas, USA; University of Houston Clear Lake, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael Wong
- Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | - Fathi Karouia
- Ames Research Center, NASA, Moffett Field, California, USA; and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael Story
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Honglu Wu
- Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Houston, Texas, USA;
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Rithidech KN, Honikel LM, Reungpathanaphong P, Tungjai M, Jangiam W, Whorton EB. Late-occurring chromosome aberrations and global DNA methylation in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells of CBA/CaJ mice exposed to silicon ((28)Si) ions. Mutat Res 2015; 781:22-31. [PMID: 26398320 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Although myeloid leukemia (ML) is one of the major health concerns from exposure to space radiation, the risk prediction for developing ML is unsatisfactory. To increase the reliability of predicting ML risk, a much improved understanding of space radiation-induced changes in the target cells, i.e. hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), is important. We focused on the in vivo induction of late-occurring damage in HSPCs of mice exposed to (28)Si ions since such damage is associated with radiation-induced genomic instability (a key event of carcinogenesis). We gave adult male CBA/CaJ mice, known to be sensitive to radiation-induced ML, a whole-body exposure (2 fractionated exposures, 15 days apart, that totaled each selected dose, delivered at the dose-rate of 1 cGy/min) to various doses of 300 MeV/n (28)Si ions, i.e. 0 (sham controls), 0.1, 0.25, or 0.5 Gy. At 6 months post-irradiation, we collected bone marrow cells from each mouse (five mice per treatment-group) for obtaining the myeloid-lineage of HSPC-derived clones for analyses. We measured the frequencies of late-occurring chromosome aberrations (CAs), using the genome-wide multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization method. The measurement of CAs was coupled with the characterization of the global DNA methylation patterns, i.e. 5-methylcytosine (5 mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5 hmC). A dose-dependent increase in the frequencies of CAs was detected (Analysis of Variance or ANOVA, p<0.01), indicating the induction of genomic instability after exposure of mice to 300 MeV/n (28)Si ions. Slight increases in the levels of 5 mC were observed in all treatment groups, as compared to the sham-control level. In contrast, there was a significant reduction in levels of 5 hmC (ANOVA, p<0.01). Since these endpoints were evaluated in the same mouse, our data suggested for the first time a link between a reduction in 5 hmC and genomic instability in HSPC-derived myeloid colonies of CBA/CaJ mice exposed to 300 MeV/n (28)Si ions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louise M Honikel
- Pathology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, USA
| | - Paiboon Reungpathanaphong
- Pathology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, USA; Department of Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Faculty of Sciences, Kasetsart University, Chatuchuck, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Montree Tungjai
- Pathology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, USA; Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Center of Excellence for Molecular Imaging, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Witawat Jangiam
- Pathology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
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Masunaga SI, Uzawa A, Hirayama R, Matsumoto Y, Sakurai Y, Tanaka H, Tano K, Sanada Y, Suzuki M, Maruhashi A, Ono K. The Effect of p53 Status of Tumor Cells on Radiosensitivity of Irradiated Tumors With Carbon-Ion Beams Compared With γ-Rays or Reactor Neutron Beams. World J Oncol 2015; 6:398-409. [PMID: 28983338 PMCID: PMC5624688 DOI: 10.14740/wjon941w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the study was to clarify the effect of p53 status of tumor cells on radiosensitivity of solid tumors following accelerated carbon-ion beam irradiation compared with γ-rays or reactor neutron beams, referring to the response of intratumor quiescent (Q) cells. Methods Human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells transfected with mutant TP53 (SAS/mp53) or with neo vector (SAS/neo) were injected subcutaneously into hind legs of nude mice. Tumor-bearing mice received 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine (BrdU) continuously to label all intratumor proliferating (P) cells. They received γ-rays or accelerated carbon-ion beams at a high or reduced dose-rate. Other tumor-bearing mice received reactor thermal or epithermal neutrons at a reduced dose-rate. Immediately or 9 hours after the high dose-rate irradiation (HDRI), or immediately after the reduced dose-rate irradiation (RDRI), the tumor cells were isolated and incubated with a cytokinesis blocker, and the micronucleus (MN) frequency in cells without BrdU labeling (Q cells) was determined using immunofluorescence staining for BrdU. Results The difference in radiosensitivity between the total (P + Q) and Q cells after γ-ray irradiation was markedly reduced with reactor neutron beams or carbon-ion beams, especially with a higher linear energy transfer (LET) value. Following γ-ray irradiation, SAS/neo tumor cells, especially intratumor Q cells, showed a marked reduction in sensitivity due to the recovery from radiation-induced damage, compared with the total or Q cells within SAS/mp53 tumors that showed little repair capacity. In both total and Q cells within both SAS/neo and SAS/mp53 tumors, carbon-ion beam irradiation, especially with a higher LET, showed little recovery capacity through leaving an interval between HDRI and the assay or decreasing the dose-rate. The recovery from radiation-induced damage after γ-ray irradiation was a p53-dependent event, but little recovery was found after carbon-ion beam irradiation. With RDRI, the radiosensitivity to reactor thermal and epithermal neutron beams was slightly higher than that to carbon-ion beams. Conclusion For tumor control, including intratumor Q-cell control, accelerated carbon-ion beams, especially with a higher LET, and reactor thermal and epithermal neutron beams were very useful for suppressing the recovery from radiation-induced damage irrespective of p53 status of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Masunaga
- Particle Radiation Biology, Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, 2-1010, Asashiro-nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Akiko Uzawa
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Hirayama
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Matsumoto
- Proton Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Sakurai
- Radiation Medical Physics, Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, 2-1010, Asashiro-nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Radiation Medical Physics, Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, 2-1010, Asashiro-nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Keizo Tano
- Particle Radiation Biology, Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, 2-1010, Asashiro-nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Yu Sanada
- Particle Radiation Biology, Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, 2-1010, Asashiro-nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Minoru Suzuki
- Particle Radiation Oncology, Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, 2-1010, Asashiro-nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Akira Maruhashi
- Radiation Medical Physics, Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, 2-1010, Asashiro-nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Koji Ono
- Particle Radiation Oncology, Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, 2-1010, Asashiro-nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
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Lyulko OV, Garty G, Randers-Pehrson G, Turner HC, Szolc B, Brenner DJ. Fast image analysis for the micronucleus assay in a fully automated high-throughput biodosimetry system. Radiat Res 2014; 181:146-61. [PMID: 24502354 PMCID: PMC4011502 DOI: 10.1667/rr13441.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of, and results from an image analysis system are presented for automated detection and scoring of micronuclei in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The system is part of the Rapid Automated Biodosimetry Tool, which was developed at the Center for High-Throughput Minimally Invasive Radiation Biodosimetry for rapid radiation dose assessment of many individuals based on single fingerstick samples of blood. Blood lymphocytes were subjected to the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay and the images of cell cytoplasm and nuclei are analyzed to estimate the frequency of micronuclei in binucleated cells. We describe an algorithm that is based on dual fluorescent labeling of lymphocytes with separate analysis of images of cytoplasm and nuclei. To evaluate the performance of the system, blood samples of seven healthy donors were irradiated in vitro with doses from 0-10 Gy and dose-response curves of micronuclei frequencies were generated. To establish the applicability of the system to the detection of high doses, the ratios of mononucleated cells to binucleated cells were determined for three of the donors. All of the dose-response curves generated automatically showed clear dose dependence and good correlation (R(2) from 0.914-0.998) with the results of manual scoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandra V. Lyulko
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Guy Garty
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Helen C. Turner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Barbara Szolc
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- David B. Kriser Dental Center, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York
| | - David J. Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
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11
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Tungjai M, Whorton EB, Rithidech KN. Persistence of apoptosis and inflammatory responses in the heart and bone marrow of mice following whole-body exposure to ²⁸Silicon (²⁸Si) ions. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2013; 52:339-350. [PMID: 23756637 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-013-0479-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
It has been well established that the bone marrow (BM) is a radiosensitive tissue, but the radiosensitivity of the heart is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the comparative effects of ²⁸Silicon (²⁸Si) ions (one type of heavy ion found in space) on tissue from the heart and the BM of exposed mice. We gave adult male CBA/CaJ mice a whole-body exposure to a total dose of 0, 0.1, 0.25, or 0.5 Gy of 300 MeV/nucleon (n) ²⁸Si ions, using a fractionated schedule (two exposures, 15 days apart that totaled each selected dose). The heart and BM were collected from 5 mice per treatment group at various times up to 6 months post-irradiation. In each mouse, we obtained tissue lysates from the heart and from the total population of BM cells for measuring the levels of cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (cleaved PARP, a marker of apoptotic cell death) and the levels of activated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and selected NF-κB-regulated cytokines known to be involved in inflammatory responses. Our data showed that, up to 6 months post-irradiation, the levels of apoptotic cell death and inflammatory responses in tissues from the heart and BM collected from exposed mice were statistically higher than those in sham controls. Hence, these findings are suggestive of chronic apoptotic cell death and inflammation in both tissues after exposure to ²⁸Si ions. In summary, our data are indicative of a possible association between exposure to ²⁸Si ions during space flight and long-term health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montree Tungjai
- Pathology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, USA
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12
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Jacobus JA, Duda CG, Coleman MC, Martin SM, Mapuskar K, Mao G, Smith BJ, Aykin-Burns N, Guida P, Gius D, Domann FE, Knudson CM, Spitz DR. Low-dose radiation-induced enhancement of thymic lymphomagenesis in Lck-Bax mice is dependent on LET and gender. Radiat Res 2013; 180:156-65. [PMID: 23819597 DOI: 10.1667/rr3293.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis that mitochondrial dysfunction and increased superoxide levels in thymocytes over expressing Bax (Lck-Bax1 and Lck-Bax38&1) contributes to lymphomagenesis after low-dose radiation was tested. Lck-Bax1 single-transgenic and Lck-Bax38&1 double-transgenic mice were exposed to single whole-body doses of 10 or 100 cGy of (137)Cs or iron ions (1,000 MeV/n, 150 keV/μm) or silicon ions (300 MeV/n, 67 keV/μm). A 10 cGy dose of (137)Cs significantly increased the incidence and onset of thymic lymphomas in female Lck-Bax1 mice. In Lck-Bax38&1 mice, a 100 cGy dose of high-LET iron ions caused a significant dose dependent acceleration of lymphomagenesis in both males and females that was not seen with silicon ions. To determine the contribution of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, Lck-Bax38&1 over expressing mice were crossed with knockouts of the mitochondrial protein deacetylase, Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3), which regulates superoxide metabolism. Sirt3(-/-)/Lck-Bax38&1 mice demonstrated significant increases in thymocyte superoxide levels and acceleration of lymphomagenesis (P < 0.001). These results show that lymphomagenesis in Bax over expressing animals is enhanced by radiation exposure in both an LET and gender dependent fashion. These findings support the hypothesis that mitochondrial dysfunction leads to increased superoxide levels and accelerates lymphomagenesis in Lck-Bax transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Jacobus
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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13
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Wang T, Li F, Liu Q, Bian P, Wang J, Wu Y, Wu L, Li W. Homologous recombination in Arabidopsis seeds along the track of energetic carbon ions. Mutat Res 2012; 737:51-57. [PMID: 22683605 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Heavy ion irradiation has been used as radiotherapy of deep-seated tumors, and is also an inevitable health concern for astronauts in space mission. Unlike photons such as X-rays and γ-rays, a high linear energy transfer (LET) heavy ion has a varying energy distribution along its track. Therefore, it is important to determine the correlation of biological effects with the Bragg curve energy distribution of heavy ions. In this study, a continuous biological tissue equivalent was constructed using a layered cylinder of Arabidopsis seeds, which was irradiated with carbon ions of 87.5MeV/nucleon. The position of energy loss peak in the seed pool was determined with CR-39 track detectors. The mutagenic effect in vivo along the path of carbon ions was investigated with the seeds in each layer as an assay unit, which corresponded to a given position in physical Bragg curve. Homologous recombination frequency (HRF), expression level of AtRAD54 gene, germination rate of seeds, and survival rate of young seedlings were used as checking endpoints, respectively. Our results showed that Arabidopsis S0 and S1 plants exhibited significant increases in HRF compared to their controls, and the expression level of AtRAD54 gene in S0 plants was significantly up-regulated. The depth-biological effect curves for HRF and the expression of AtRAD54 gene were not consistent with the physical Bragg curve. Differently, the depth-biological effect curves for the developmental endpoints matched generally with the physical Bragg curve. The results suggested a different response pattern of various types of biological events to heavy ion irradiation. It is also interesting that except for HRF in S0 plants, the depth-biological effect curves for each biological endpoint were similar for 5Gy and 30Gy of carbon irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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14
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Roig AI, Hight SK, Minna JD, Shay JW, Rusek A, Story MD. DNA damage intensity in fibroblasts in a 3-dimensional collagen matrix correlates with the Bragg curve energy distribution of a high LET particle. Int J Radiat Biol 2010; 86:194-204. [PMID: 20201648 DOI: 10.3109/09553000903418603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The DNA double-strand break (DSB) damage response induced by high energy charged particles on lung fibroblast cells embedded in a 3-dimensional (3-D) collagen tissue equivalents was investigated using antibodies to the DNA damage response proteins gamma-histone 2AX (gamma-H2AX) and phosphorylated DNA-PKcs (p-DNA-PKcs). MATERIALS AND METHODS 3-D tissue equivalents were irradiated in positions across the linear distribution of the Bragg curve profiles of 307.7 MeV/nucleon, 556.9 MeV/nucleon, or 967.0 MeV/nucleon (56)Fe ions at a dose of 0.30 Gy. RESULTS Patterns of discrete DNA damage streaks across nuclei or saturated nuclear damage were observed, with saturated nuclear damage being more predominant as samples were positioned closer to the physical Bragg peak. Quantification of the DNA damage signal intensities at each distance for each of the examined energies revealed a biological Bragg curve profile with a pattern of DNA damage intensity similar to the physical Bragg curve for the particular energy. Deconvolution microscopy of nuclei with streaked or saturated nuclear damage pattern revealed more details of the damage, with evidence of double-strand breaks radially distributed from the main particle track as well as multiple discrete tracks within saturated damage nuclei. CONCLUSIONS These 3-D culture systems can be used as a biological substrate to better understand the interaction of heavy charged particles of different energies with tissue and could serve as a basis to model space-radiation-induced cancer initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres I Roig
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9039, USA.
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Antoccia A, Sgura A, Berardinelli F, Cavinato M, Cherubini R, Gerardi S, Tanzarella C. Cell cycle perturbations and genotoxic effects in human primary fibroblasts induced by low-energy protons and X/gamma-rays. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2009; 50:457-468. [PMID: 19755805 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.09008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The effect of graded doses of high-linear energy transfer (LET) low-energy protons to induce cycle perturbations and genotoxic damage was investigated in normal human fibroblasts. Furthermore, such effects were compared with those produced by low-LET radiations. HFFF2, human primary fibroblasts were exposed to either protons (LET = 28.5 keV/microm) or X/gamma-rays, and endpoints related to cell cycle kinetics and DNA damage analysed. Following both type of irradiations, unsynchronized cells suffered an inhibition to entry into S-phase for doses of 1-4 Gy and remained arrested in the G(1)-phase for several days. The levels of induction of regulator proteins, such as TP53 and CDKN1A showed a clear LET-dependence. DSB induction and repair as measured by scoring for gamma-H2AX foci indicated that protons, with respect to X-rays, yielded a lower number of DSBs per Gy, which showed a slower kinetics of disappearance. Such result was in agreement with the extent of MN induction in binucleated cells after X-irradiation. No significant differences between the two types of radiations were observed with the clonogenic assay, resulting anyway the slope of gamma-ray curve higher than that the proton one. In conclusion, in normal human primary fibroblasts cell cycle arrest at the G(1)/S transition can be triggered shortly after irradiation and maintained for several hours post-irradiation of both protons and X-rays. DNA damage produced by protons appears less amenable to be repaired and could be transformed in cytogenetic damage in the form of MN.
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Zhang Y, Rohde LH, Emami K, Hammond D, Casey R, Mehta SK, Jeevarajan AS, Pierson DL, Wu H. Suppressed expression of non-DSB repair genes inhibits gamma-radiation-induced cytogenetic repair and cell cycle arrest. DNA Repair (Amst) 2008; 7:1835-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2008.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2008] [Revised: 07/11/2008] [Accepted: 07/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Masunaga SI, Ando K, Uzawa A, Hirayama R, Furusawa Y, Koike S, Ono K. Responses of total and quiescent cell populations in solid tumors to carbon ion beam irradiation (290 MeV/u) in vivo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 26:270-7. [PMID: 18661211 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-008-0227-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2007] [Accepted: 01/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to clarify the radiosensitivity of intratumor total cells and quiescent (Q) cells in vivo to accelerated carbon ion beams compared with gamma-ray irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) VII tumor-bearing mice received continuous administration of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) to label all intratumor proliferating (P) cells. They then were exposed to carbon ions (290 MeV/u) or gamma-rays. Immediately after and 12 h after irradiation, immunofluorescence staining for BrdU was used to assess the response of Q cells in terms of micronucleus frequency. The response of the total (P + Q) tumor cells was determined from the tumors not treated with BrdU. RESULTS The apparent difference in radiosensitivity between total and Q cell populations under gamma-ray irradiation was markedly reduced with carbon ion beams, especially with a higher linear energy transfer (LET) value. Clearer recovery in Q cells than in total cells through delayed assay under gamma-ray irradiation was efficiently inhibited by carbon ion beams, especially those with a higher LET. CONCLUSION In terms of the tumor cell-killing effect as a whole, including intratumor Q cells, carbon ion beams, especially with higher LET values, were extremely useful for suppressing the dependence on the heterogeneity within solid tumors as well as depositing the radiation dose precisely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Masunaga
- Particle Radiation Oncology Research Center, Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Sennan, Osaka, Japan.
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18
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Masunaga SI, Ando K, Uzawa A, Hirayama R, Furusawa Y, Koike S, Sakurai Y, Nagata K, Suzuki M, Kashino G, Kinashi Y, Tanaka H, Maruhashi A, Ono K. Radiobiologic Significance of Response of Intratumor Quiescent Cells In Vivo to Accelerated Carbon Ion Beams Compared With γ-Rays and Reactor Neutron Beams. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008; 70:221-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2007] [Revised: 09/01/2007] [Accepted: 09/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Groesser T, Chun E, Rydberg B. Relative Biological Effectiveness of High-Energy Iron Ions for Micronucleus Formation at Low Doses. Radiat Res 2007; 168:675-82. [DOI: 10.1667/rr0967.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Accepted: 08/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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