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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom L(R, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Vleminckx C, Wallace H, Barregård L, Benford D, Broberg K, Dogliotti E, Fletcher T, Rylander L, Abrahantes JC, Gómez Ruiz JÁ, Steinkellner H, Tauriainen T, Schwerdtle T. Update of the risk assessment of inorganic arsenic in food. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8488. [PMID: 38239496 PMCID: PMC10794945 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA to update its 2009 risk assessment on arsenic in food carrying out a hazard assessment of inorganic arsenic (iAs) and using the revised exposure assessment issued by EFSA in 2021. Epidemiological studies show that the chronic intake of iAs via diet and/or drinking water is associated with increased risk of several adverse outcomes including cancers of the skin, bladder and lung. The CONTAM Panel used the benchmark dose lower confidence limit based on a benchmark response (BMR) of 5% (relative increase of the background incidence after adjustment for confounders, BMDL05) of 0.06 μg iAs/kg bw per day obtained from a study on skin cancer as a Reference Point (RP). Inorganic As is a genotoxic carcinogen with additional epigenetic effects and the CONTAM Panel applied a margin of exposure (MOE) approach for the risk characterisation. In adults, the MOEs are low (range between 2 and 0.4 for mean consumers and between 0.9 and 0.2 at the 95th percentile exposure, respectively) and as such raise a health concern despite the uncertainties.
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2
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Sampadi B, Vermeulen S, Mišovic B, Boei JJ, Batth TS, Chang JG, Paulsen MT, Magnuson B, Schimmel J, Kool H, Olie CS, Everts B, Vertegaal ACO, Olsen JV, Ljungman M, Jeggo PA, Mullenders LHF, Vrieling H. Divergent Molecular and Cellular Responses to Low and High-Dose Ionizing Radiation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233794. [PMID: 36497055 PMCID: PMC9739411 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer risk after ionizing radiation (IR) is assumed to be linear with the dose; however, for low doses, definite evidence is lacking. Here, using temporal multi-omic systems analyses after a low (LD; 0.1 Gy) or a high (HD; 1 Gy) dose of X-rays, we show that, although the DNA damage response (DDR) displayed dose proportionality, many other molecular and cellular responses did not. Phosphoproteomics uncovered a novel mode of phospho-signaling via S12-PPP1R7, and large-scale dephosphorylation events that regulate mitotic exit control in undamaged cells and the G2/M checkpoint upon IR in a dose-dependent manner. The phosphoproteomics of irradiated DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair-deficient cells unveiled extended phospho-signaling duration in either a dose-dependent (DDR signaling) or independent (mTOR-ERK-MAPK signaling) manner without affecting signal magnitude. Nascent transcriptomics revealed the transcriptional activation of genes involved in NRF2-regulated antioxidant defense, redox-sensitive ERK-MAPK signaling, glycolysis and mitochondrial function after LD, suggesting a prominent role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in molecular and cellular responses to LD exposure, whereas DDR genes were prominently activated after HD. However, how and to what extent the observed dose-dependent differences in molecular and cellular responses may impact cancer development remain unclear, as the induction of chromosomal damage was found to be dose-proportional (10-200 mGy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Sampadi
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (H.V.)
| | - Sylvia Vermeulen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Branislav Mišovic
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan J. Boei
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tanveer S. Batth
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jer-Gung Chang
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle T. Paulsen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rogel Cancer Center and Center for RNA Biomedicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Brian Magnuson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rogel Cancer Center and Center for RNA Biomedicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Joost Schimmel
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke Kool
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cyriel S. Olie
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Everts
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alfred C. O. Vertegaal
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jesper V. Olsen
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mats Ljungman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rogel Cancer Center and Center for RNA Biomedicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Penny A. Jeggo
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Leon H. F. Mullenders
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Harry Vrieling
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (H.V.)
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Udroiu I, Sgura A, Chendi A, Lasagni L, Bertolini M, Fioroni F, Piccagli V, Moramarco A, Romano MG, Fontana L, D'Alessio D, Bruzzaniti V, Rosi A, Grande S, Palma A, Giliberti C, Iori M, Piergallini L, Sumini M, Isolan L, Cucchi G, Compagnone G, Strigari L. DNA damage in lens epithelial cells exposed to occupationally-relevant X-ray doses and role in cataract formation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21693. [PMID: 33303795 PMCID: PMC7728785 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78383-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The current framework of radiological protection of occupational exposed medical workers reduced the eye-lens equivalent dose limit from 150 to 20 mSv per year requiring an accurate dosimetric evaluation and an increase understanding of radiation induced effects on Lens cells considering the typical scenario of occupational exposed medical operators. Indeed, it is widely accepted that genomic damage of Lens epithelial cells (LEC) is a key mechanism of cataractogenesis. However, the relationship between apoptosis and cataractogenesis is still controversial. In this study biological and physical data are combined to improve the understanding of radiation induced effects on LEC. To characterize the occupational exposure of medical workers during angiographic procedures an INNOVA 4100 (General Electric Healthcare) equipment was used (scenario A). Additional experiments were conducted using a research tube (scenario B). For both scenarios, the frequencies of binucleated cells, micronuclei, p21-positive cells were assessed with different doses and dose rates. A Monte-Carlo study was conducted using a model for the photon generation with the X-ray tubes and with the Petri dishes considering the two different scenarios (A and B) to reproduce the experimental conditions and validate the irradiation setups to the cells. The simulation results have been tallied using the Monte Carlo code MCNP6. The spectral characteristics of the different X-ray beams have been estimated. All irradiated samples showed frequencies of micronuclei and p21-positive cells higher than the unirradiated controls. Differences in frequencies increased with the delivered dose measured with Gafchromic films XR-RV3. The spectrum incident on eye lens and Petri, as estimated with MCNP6, was in good agreement in the scenario A (confirming the experimental setup), while the mean energy spectrum was higher in the scenario B. Nevertheless, the response of LEC seemed mainly related to the measured absorbed dose. No effects on viability were detected. Our results support the hypothesis that apoptosis is not responsible for cataract induced by low doses of X-ray (i.e. 25 mGy) while the induction of transient p21 may interfere with the disassembly of the nuclear envelop in differentiating LEC, leading to cataract formation. Further studies are needed to better clarify the relationship we suggested between DNA damage, transient p21 induction and the inability of LEC enucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion Udroiu
- Department of Science, University of Rome "Roma Tre", Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Sgura
- Department of Science, University of Rome "Roma Tre", Rome, Italy
| | - Agnese Chendi
- Medical Physics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio, Italy.,Postgraduate School in Medical Physics, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lasagni
- Postgraduate School in Medical Physics, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Bertolini
- Medical Physics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio, Italy
| | - Federica Fioroni
- Medical Physics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio, Italy
| | - Vando Piccagli
- Medical Physics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio, Italy
| | - Antonio Moramarco
- Ophthalmology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Fontana
- Ophthalmology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio, Italy
| | - Daniela D'Alessio
- Department of Medical Physics, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vicente Bruzzaniti
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Expert Systems, Regina Elena Cancer Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Rosi
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Centro Nazionale Tecnologie Innovative in Sanità Pubblica, Rome, Italy
| | - Sveva Grande
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Centro Nazionale Tecnologie Innovative in Sanità Pubblica, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Palma
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Centro Nazionale Tecnologie Innovative in Sanità Pubblica, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Giliberti
- Inail-Dipartimento Innovazioni Tecnologiche e Sicurezza degli Impianti, Prodotti ed Insediamenti Antropici, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Iori
- Medical Physics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piergallini
- Medical Physics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio, Italy.,Montecuccolino Laboratory, Industrial Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Sumini
- Montecuccolino Laboratory, Industrial Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,INFN, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center "L. Galvani" CIG, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Isolan
- Montecuccolino Laboratory, Industrial Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center "L. Galvani" CIG, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Cucchi
- Montecuccolino Laboratory, Industrial Engineering Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center "L. Galvani" CIG, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gaetano Compagnone
- Department of Medical Physics, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lidia Strigari
- Department of Medical Physics, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
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Averbeck D, Salomaa S, Bouffler S, Ottolenghi A, Smyth V, Sabatier L. Progress in low dose health risk research. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2018; 776:46-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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5
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Koyama S, Narita E, Shinohara N, Miyakoshi J. Effect of low-dose X-ray irradiation on micronucleus formation in human embryo, newborn and child cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:790-795. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2016.1221544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin Koyama
- Laboratory of Applied Radio Engineering for Humanosphere, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eijiro Narita
- Laboratory of Applied Radio Engineering for Humanosphere, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Shinohara
- Laboratory of Applied Radio Engineering for Humanosphere, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junji Miyakoshi
- Laboratory of Applied Radio Engineering for Humanosphere, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
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Dai J, Itahana K, Baskar R. Quiescence does not affect p53 and stress response by irradiation in human lung fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 458:104-9. [PMID: 25637534 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cells in many organs exist in both proliferating and quiescent states. Proliferating cells are more radio-sensitive, DNA damage pathways including p53 pathway are activated to undergo either G1/S or G2/M arrest to avoid entering S and M phase with DNA damage. On the other hand, quiescent cells are already arrested in G0, therefore there may be fundamental difference of irradiation response between proliferating and quiescent cells, and this difference may affect their radiosensitivity. To understand these differences, proliferating and quiescent human normal lung fibroblasts were exposed to 0.10-1 Gy of γ-radiation. The response of key proteins involved in the cell cycle, cell death, and metabolism as well as histone H2AX phosphorylation were examined. Interestingly, p53 and p53 phosphorylation (Ser-15), as well as the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27, were induced similarly in both proliferating and quiescent cells after irradiation. Furthermore, the p53 protein half-life, and expression of cyclin A, cyclin E, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Bax, or cytochrome c expression as well as histone H2AX phosphorylation were comparable after irradiation in both phases of cells. The effect of radioprotection by a glycogen synthase kinase 3β inhibitor on p53 pathway was also similar between proliferating and quiescent cells. Our results showed that quiescence does not affect irradiation response of key proteins involved in stress and DNA damage at least in normal fibroblasts, providing a better understanding of the radiation response in quiescent cells, which is crucial for tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Dai
- Molecular Radiobiology Laboratory, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Singapore
| | - Koji Itahana
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore.
| | - Rajamanickam Baskar
- Molecular Radiobiology Laboratory, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Singapore; Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore.
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Manning G, Taylor K, Finnon P, Lemon JA, Boreham DR, Badie C. Quantifying murine bone marrow and blood radiation dose response following (18)F-FDG PET with DNA damage biomarkers. Mutat Res 2014; 770:29-36. [PMID: 25771867 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to quantify the poorly understood radiation doses to murine bone marrow and blood from whole-body fluorine 18 ((18)F)-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET), by using specific biomarkers and comparing with whole body external low dose exposures. Groups of 3-5 mice were randomly assigned to 10 groups, each receiving either a different activity of (18)F-FDG: 0-37MBq or whole body irradiated with corresponding doses of 0-300mGy X-rays. Blood samples were collected at 24h and at 43h for reticulocyte micronucleus assays and QPCR analysis of gene expression in peripheral blood leukocytes. Blood and bone marrow dose estimates were calculated from injected activities of (18)F-FDG and were based on a recommended ICRP model. Doses to the bone marrow corresponding to 33.43mGy and above for internal (18)F-FDG exposure and to 25mGy and above for external X-ray exposure, showed significant increases in radiation-induced MN-RET formation relative to controls (P<0.05). Regression analysis showed that both types of exposure produced a linear response with linear regression analysis giving R(2) of 0.992 and 0.999 for respectively internal and external exposure. No significant difference between the two data sets was found with a P-value of 0.493. In vivo gene expression dose-responses at 24h for Bbc3 and Cdkn1 were similar for (18)F-FDG and X-ray exposures, with significant modifications occurring for doses over 300mGy for Bbc3 and at the lower dose of 150mGy for Cdkn1a. Both leucocyte gene expression and quantification of MN-RET are highly sensitive biomarkers for reliable estimation of the low doses delivered in vivo to, respectively, blood and bone marrow, following (18)F-FDG PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grainne Manning
- Biological Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 ORQ, UK
| | - Kristina Taylor
- Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Finnon
- Biological Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 ORQ, UK
| | - Jennifer A Lemon
- Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Douglas R Boreham
- Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Christophe Badie
- Biological Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 ORQ, UK.
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