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Ocampo D, De Silva TN, Sheard C, Stoddard MC. Evolution of nest architecture in tyrant flycatchers and allies. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220148. [PMID: 37427478 PMCID: PMC10331913 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Innovations in nest design are thought to be one potential factor in the evolutionary success of passerine birds (order: Passeriformes), which colonized new ecological niches as they diversified in the Oligocene and Miocene. In particular, tyrant flycatchers and their allies (parvorder: Tyrannida) are an extremely diverse group of New World suboscine passerines occupying a wide range of habitats and exhibiting substantial extant variation in nest design. To explore the evolution of nest architecture in this clade, we first described nest traits across the Tyrannida phylogeny and estimated ancestral nest conditions. We then quantified macroevolutionary transition rates between nest types, examined a potential coevolutionary relationship between nest type and habitat, and used phylogenetic mixed models to determine possible ecological and environmental correlates of nest design. The Tyrannida ancestor probably built a cup nest in a closed habitat, and dome nests independently evolved at least 15 times within this group. Both cup- and dome-nesting species diversified into semi-open and open habitats, and we did not detect a coevolutionary relationship between nest type and habitat. Furthermore, nest type was not significantly correlated with several key ecological, life-history and environmental traits, suggesting that broad variation in Tyrannida nest architecture may not easily be explained by a single factor. This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolutionary ecology of nests: a cross-taxon approach'.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ocampo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Thilina N. De Silva
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Catherine Sheard
- Palaeobiology Research Group, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Mary Caswell Stoddard
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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2
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Hangartner S, Sgrò CM, Connallon T, Booksmythe I. Sexual dimorphism in phenotypic plasticity and persistence under environmental change: An extension of theory and meta-analysis of current data. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:1550-1565. [PMID: 35334155 PMCID: PMC9311083 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Populations must adapt to environmental changes to remain viable. Both evolution and phenotypic plasticity contribute to adaptation, with plasticity possibly being more important for coping with rapid change. Adaptation is complex in species with separate sexes, as the sexes can differ in the strength or direction of natural selection, the genetic basis of trait variation, and phenotypic plasticity. Many species show sex differences in plasticity, yet how these differences influence extinction susceptibility remains unclear. We first extend theoretical models of population persistence in changing environments and show that persistence is affected by sexual dimorphism for phenotypic plasticity, trait genetic architecture, and sex-specific selection. Our models predict that female-biased adaptive plasticity-particularly in traits with modest-to-low cross-sex genetic correlations-typically promotes persistence, though we also identify conditions where sexually monomorphic or male-biased plasticity promotes persistence. We then perform a meta-analysis of sex-specific plasticity under manipulated thermal conditions. Although examples of sexually dimorphic plasticity are widely observed, systematic sex differences are rare. An exception-cold resistance-is systematically female-biased and represents a trait wherein sexually dimorphic plasticity might elevate population viability in changing environments. We discuss our results in light of debates about the roles of evolution and plasticity in extinction susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Hangartner
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carla M Sgrò
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tim Connallon
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Isobel Booksmythe
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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3
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Pollo P, Kasumovic MM. Let's talk about sex roles: what affects perceptions of sex differences in animal behaviour? Anim Behav 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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4
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Trumbo ST, Sikes DS. Resource concealment and the evolution of parental care in burying beetles. J Zool (1987) 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. T. Trumbo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut Waterbury CT USA
| | - D. S. Sikes
- Department of Biology and Wildlife University of Alaska Museum University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA
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Moss JB, Moore AJ. Constrained flexibility of parental cooperation limits adaptive responses to harsh conditions. Evolution 2021; 75:1835-1849. [PMID: 34153114 PMCID: PMC8362138 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Parental care is predicted to evolve to mitigate harsh environments, thus adaptive plasticity of care may be an important response to our climate crisis. In biparental species, fitness costs may be reduced by resolving conflict and enhancing cooperation among partners. We investigated this prediction with the burying beetle, Nicrophorus orbicollis, by exposing them to contrasting benign and harsh thermal environments. Despite measurable fitness costs under the harsh environment, sexual conflict persisted in the form of sex-specific social plasticity. That is, females provided equivalent care with or without males, whereas males with partners deserted earlier and reduced provisioning effort. The interaction of social condition and thermal environment did not explain variation in individual behavior, failing to support a temperature-mediated shift from conflict to cooperation. Examining selection gradients and splines on cumulative care revealed a likely explanation for these patterns. Contrary to predictions, increased care did not enhance offspring performance under stress. Rather, different components of care were under different selection regimes, with optimization constrained due to lack of coordination between parents. We suggest that the potential for parenting to ameliorate the effects of our climate crisis may depend on the sex-specific evolutionary drivers of parental care, and that this may be best reflected in components of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette B Moss
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA.,Current Address: Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Allen J Moore
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
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6
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Abstract
Biparental care is very rare in insects, and it was well-documented in only one bee species to this date - Ceratina nigrolabiata. However, biparental care was only recently discovered in this species, and detailed description of natural history of this species is missing. Here, we describe the nesting cycle of C. nigrolabiata. Pairs of C. nigrolabiata are established before female starts offspring provisioning. After provisioning is finished (when youngest offspring reached larval stage), the male abandons the nest. Males which are present in nests where female already finished provisioning brood cells, are probably mainly temporary visitors. The female can perform long-time offspring guarding, but only 22% of completely provisioned nests are guarded by a female. Most nests (54%) are closed and abandoned, when provisioning is completed, and other (24%) are orphaned before provisioning is finished. Guarded nests have statistically higher number of brood cells provisioned than unguarded nests. Generally, C. nigrolabiata is unique among bees due to its biparental behavior, but it has also uncommon traits of nesting biology among Ceratina bees, e.g. fast offspring development in comparison with provisioning rate, and high proportion of nests which are closed and abandoned by mother.
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Awde DN, Skandalis A, Richards MH. Vitellogenin expression corresponds with reproductive status and caste in a primitively eusocial bee. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 127:104113. [PMID: 32890626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2020.104113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Vitellogenin (vg) expression is consistently associated with variation in insect phenotypes, particularly egg-laying. Primitively eusocial species, such as eusocial sweat bees, have behaviourally totipotent castes, in which each female is capable of high levels of ovarian development. Few studies have investigated vg expression patterns in primitively eusocial insects, and only one study has focused on a primitively eusocial bee. Here we use a primitively eusocial sweat bee, Lasioglossum laevissimum, and Real Time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) to investigate the relationship between vg expression, castes, and variation in phenotypes associated with castes differences. These assays showed that females with high ovarian development had the highest levels of vg expression, and that vg expression levels reflected the reproductive status of females first and caste second. This is in contrast to vg expression patterns observed in advanced eusocial queens and workers, which differ in vg expression based on caste and have caste-specific vg expression patterns. Furthermore, future queens (gynes) do not have ovarian development and had similar vg expression levels to early spring foundresses, which do have ovarian development, supporting Vg's function as a transporter of lipids and amino acids before diapause.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Awde
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, KY, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, ON, Canada.
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8
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Frequency of carcass burial in animal burrows for reproduction by Nicrophorus concolor (Coleoptera: Silphidae). J ETHOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10164-020-00678-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Ivimey-Cook E, Moorad J. The diversity of maternal-age effects upon pre-adult survival across animal species. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20200972. [PMID: 32781953 PMCID: PMC7575525 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.0972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal senescence is the detrimental effect of increased maternal age on offspring performance. Despite much recent interest given to describing this phenomenon, its distribution across animal species is poorly understood. A review of the published literature finds that maternal age affects pre-adult survival in 252 of 272 populations (93%) representing 97 animal species. Age effects tended to be deleterious in invertebrates and mammals, including humans, confirming the presence of senescence. However, bird species were a conspicuous exception, as pre-adult survival tended to increase with maternal age in surveyed populations. In all groups, maternal-age effects became more negative in older mothers. Invertebrates senesced faster than vertebrates, and humans aged faster than non-human mammals. Within invertebrates, lepidopterans demonstrated the most extreme rates of maternal-effect senescence. Among the surveyed studies, phylogeny, life history and environment (e.g. laboratory versus wild populations) were tightly associated; this made it difficult to make confident inferences regarding the causes of diversity for the phenomenon. However, we provide some testable suggestions, and we observe that some differences appear to be consistent with predictions from evolutionary theory. We discuss how future work may help clarify ultimate and proximate causes for this diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Ivimey-Cook
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
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10
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Dillard J, Benbow ME. From Symbionts to Societies: How Wood Resources Have Shaped Insect Sociality. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Polyandrous bee provides extended offspring care biparentally as an alternative to monandry based eusociality. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:6238-6243. [PMID: 30858313 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1810092116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parental care behavior evolves to increase the survival of offspring. When offspring care becomes complicated for ecological reasons, cooperation of multiple individuals can be beneficial. There are two types of cooperative care: biparental care and worker (helper)-based care (e.g., eusociality). Although biparental care is common in several groups of vertebrates, it is generally rare in arthropods. Conversely, eusociality is widespread in insects, especially the aculeate Hymenoptera. Here, we present a case of biparental care in bees, in Ceratina nigrolabiata (Apidae, Xylocopinae). Similar to eusocial behavior, biparental care leads to greater brood protection in this species. Male guarding increases provisioning of nests because females are liberated from the tradeoff between provisioning and nest protection. The main benefit of parental care for males should be increased paternity. Interestingly though, we found that paternity of offspring by guard males is extraordinarily low (10% of offspring). Generally, we found that nests were not guarded by the same male for the whole provisioning season, meaning that males arrive to nests as stepfathers. However, we show that long-term guarding performed by a single male does increase paternity. We suggest that the multiple-mating strategy of these bees increased the amount of time for interactions between the sexes, and this longer period of potential interaction supported the origin of biparental care. Eusociality based on monandry was thought to be the main type of extended brood protection in bees. We show that biparental care based on polyandry provides an interesting evolutionary alternative.
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Abstract
The tremendous diversity of animal behaviors has inspired generations of scientists from an array of biological disciplines. To complement investigations of ecological and evolutionary factors contributing to behavioral evolution, modern sequencing, gene editing, computational and neuroscience tools now provide a means to discover the proximate mechanisms upon which natural selection acts to generate behavioral diversity. Social behaviors are motivated behaviors that can differ tremendously between closely related species, suggesting phylogenetic plasticity in their underlying biological mechanisms. In addition, convergent evolution has repeatedly given rise to similar forms of social behavior and mating systems in distantly related species. Social behavioral divergence and convergence provides an entry point for understanding the neurogenetic mechanisms contributing to behavioral diversity. We argue that the greatest strides in discovering mechanisms contributing to social behavioral diversity will be achieved through integration of interdisciplinary comparative approaches with modern tools in diverse species systems. We review recent advances and future potential for discovering mechanisms underlying social behavioral variation; highlighting patterns of social behavioral evolution, oxytocin and vasopressin neuropeptide systems, genetic/transcriptional "toolkits," modern experimental tools, and alternative species systems, with particular emphasis on Microtine rodents and Lake Malawi cichlid fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary V Johnson
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Larry J Young
- Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Silvio O. Conte Center for Oxytocin and Social Cognition, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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13
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Steiger S, Stökl J. Pheromones involved in insect parental care and family life. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2017; 24:89-95. [PMID: 29208229 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Effective parental care requires recognition and communication processes. Whereas chemical communication has been studied intensively in eusocial organisms, in which the workers (siblings) predominantly provide brood care, insect groups in which parents engage in care have been largely neglected. However, the study of communication in insect families might complement and enhance our understanding not only of the evolution of signaling process involved in social insects, but also of those involved in vertebrate families. In this review, we synthesize the existing information about the pheromones and chemical cues that regulate and affect insect parental care and family life. We will present research dealing with pre-hatching as well as post-hatching parental care and cover interactions between parents and offspring, between male and female parents, and among siblings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Steiger
- Institute of Insect Biotechnology, University of Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany.
| | - Johannes Stökl
- Institute of Insect Biotechnology, University of Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany
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14
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Rosa ME, Barta Z, Fülöp A, Székely T, Kosztolányi A. The effects of adult sex ratio and density on parental care in Lethrus apterus (Coleoptera, Geotrupidae). Anim Behav 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Baruch O, Mendel Z, Scharf I, Harari AR. Mating system, mate choice and parental care in a bark beetle. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2017; 107:611-619. [PMID: 28382882 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485317000311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The cypress bark beetle, Phloeosinus armatus, is a common element of the dying cypress tree system in East-Mediterranean countries. Adult beetles congregate for breeding on this ephemeral resource. We studied three traits that characterize this beetle's sexual behavior and linked them to its reproductive success: mating system, mate choice, and parental care. We found that the females are the 'pioneering sex', excavating the mating chamber. The average female is slightly larger than the male, and female and male body size is correlated, demonstrating size-assortative mating. The time it takes for a male to enter the mating chamber is positively correlated with female size and negatively correlated with its own size, which is perhaps responsible for this assortative mating. Males remain in the gallery during the period of oviposition, gradually leaving soon after the eggs hatch. The number of eggs laid and tunnel length are positively correlated with male body size. Finally, in the presence of both parents, more eggs are laid than when the female alone is present, demonstrating the important contribution of biparental care for reproductive success. We suggest that the interaction between a monogamous mating system, assortative mating, and biparental care contributes to reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Baruch
- Department of Entomology,The Volcani Center,Bet Dagan,Israel
| | - Z Mendel
- Department of Entomology,The Volcani Center,Bet Dagan,Israel
| | - I Scharf
- Department of Zoology,Faculty of Life Sciences,Tel Aviv University,Tel Aviv,Israel
| | - A R Harari
- Department of Entomology,The Volcani Center,Bet Dagan,Israel
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Suzuki S. When the male determines his provisioning effort: does the timing of handicapping affect the negotiation between parents in Nicrophorus quadripunctatus? BEHAVIOUR 2016. [DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-00003389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Negotiation models of biparental care predict that when one parent reduces its care, the mate should adjust its care facultatively to compensate partially. Because the importance of negotiation is likely to change over the course of a breeding attempt, the timing of handicapping (decreasing mate effort) might affect the degree to which the other parent adjust their level of care. I examined how male burying beetles (Nicrophorus quadripunctatus) parents adjust their level of provisioning when their mates are handicapped at different times. Provisioning times of males increased when a handicap was attached before hatching compared to that after hatching. However, when the handicap was removed from the female, male provisioning remained high even though female provisioning recovered. It is possible that adjusting care in N. quadripunctatus involves a time lag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seizi Suzuki
- Department of Ecology and Systematics, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kitaku kita 9 Nishi 9, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
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