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Tetreau G, Dhinaut J, Galinier R, Audant-Lacour P, Voisin SN, Arafah K, Chogne M, Hilliou F, Bordes A, Sabarly C, Chan P, Walet-Balieu ML, Vaudry D, Duval D, Bulet P, Coustau C, Moret Y, Gourbal B. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms of mother-to-egg immune protection in the mealworm beetle Tenebrio molitor. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008935. [PMID: 33057453 PMCID: PMC7591081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In a number of species, individuals exposed to pathogens can mount an immune response and transmit this immunological experience to their offspring, thereby protecting them against persistent threats. Such vertical transfer of immunity, named trans-generational immune priming (TGIP), has been described in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Although increasingly studied during the last decade, the mechanisms underlying TGIP in invertebrates are still elusive, especially those protecting the earliest offspring life stage, i.e. the embryo developing in the egg. In the present study, we combined different proteomic and transcriptomic approaches to determine whether mothers transfer a "signal" (such as fragments of infecting bacteria), mRNA and/or protein/peptide effectors to protect their eggs against two natural bacterial pathogens, namely the Gram-positive Bacillus thuringiensis and the Gram-negative Serratia entomophila. By taking the mealworm beetle Tenebrio molitor as a biological model, our results suggest that eggs are mainly protected by an active direct transfer of a restricted number of immune proteins and of antimicrobial peptides. In contrast, the present data do not support the involvement of mRNA transfer while the transmission of a "signal", if it happens, is marginal and only occurs within 24h after maternal exposure to bacteria. This work exemplifies how combining global approaches helps to disentangle the different scenarios of a complex trait, providing a comprehensive characterization of TGIP mechanisms in T. molitor. It also paves the way for future alike studies focusing on TGIP in a wide range of invertebrates and vertebrates to identify additional candidates that could be specific to TGIP and to investigate whether the TGIP mechanisms found herein are specific or common to all insect species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Tetreau
- IHPE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - Julien Dhinaut
- Équipe Écologie Évolutive, UMR CNRS 6282 BioGéoSciences, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Richard Galinier
- IHPE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - Pascaline Audant-Lacour
- CNRS, INRAE, Université Nice Côte d’Azur, UMR 1355–7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | | | - Karim Arafah
- Plateforme BioPark d'Archamps, ArchParc, Saint Julien en Genevois, France
| | - Manon Chogne
- Équipe Écologie Évolutive, UMR CNRS 6282 BioGéoSciences, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Frédérique Hilliou
- CNRS, INRAE, Université Nice Côte d’Azur, UMR 1355–7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Anaïs Bordes
- IHPE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - Camille Sabarly
- Équipe Écologie Évolutive, UMR CNRS 6282 BioGéoSciences, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Philippe Chan
- PISSARO Proteomic Platform, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Marie-Laure Walet-Balieu
- PISSARO Proteomic Platform, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - David Vaudry
- PISSARO Proteomic Platform, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - David Duval
- IHPE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - Philippe Bulet
- Plateforme BioPark d'Archamps, ArchParc, Saint Julien en Genevois, France
- CR Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, La Tronche, France
| | - Christine Coustau
- CNRS, INRAE, Université Nice Côte d’Azur, UMR 1355–7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Yannick Moret
- Équipe Écologie Évolutive, UMR CNRS 6282 BioGéoSciences, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Benjamin Gourbal
- IHPE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
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Ayme-Southgate A, Feldman S, Fulmer D. Myofilament proteins in the synchronous flight muscles of Manduca sexta show both similarities and differences to Drosophila melanogaster. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 62:174-182. [PMID: 25797474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Insect flight muscles have been classified as either synchronous or asynchronous based on the coupling between excitation and contraction. In the moth Manduca sexta, the flight muscles are synchronous and do not display stretch activation, which is a property of asynchronous muscles. We annotated the M. sexta genes encoding the major myofibrillar proteins and analyzed their isoform pattern and expression. Comparison with the homologous genes in Drosophila melanogaster indicates both difference and similarities. For proteins such as myosin heavy chain, tropomyosin, and troponin I the availability and number of potential variants generated by alternative spicing is mostly conserved between the two insects. The exon usage associated with flight muscles indicates that some exon sets are similarly used in the two insects, whereas others diverge. For actin the number of individual genes is different and there is no evidence for a flight muscle specific isoform. In contrast for troponin C, the number of genes is similar, as well as the isoform composition in flight muscles despite the different calcium regulation. Both troponin I and tropomyosin can include COOH-terminal hydrophobic extensions similar to tropomyosinH and troponinH found in D. melanogaster and the honeybee respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel Feldman
- Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Diana Fulmer
- Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA
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Kola VSR, Renuka P, Madhav MS, Mangrauthia SK. Key enzymes and proteins of crop insects as candidate for RNAi based gene silencing. Front Physiol 2015; 6:119. [PMID: 25954206 PMCID: PMC4406143 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a mechanism of homology dependent gene silencing present in plants and animals. It operates through 21-24 nucleotides small RNAs which are processed through a set of core enzymatic machinery that involves Dicer and Argonaute proteins. In recent past, the technology has been well appreciated toward the control of plant pathogens and insects through suppression of key genes/proteins of infecting organisms. The genes encoding key enzymes/proteins with the great potential for developing an effective insect control by RNAi approach are actylcholinesterase, cytochrome P450 enzymes, amino peptidase N, allatostatin, allatotropin, tryptophan oxygenase, arginine kinase, vacuolar ATPase, chitin synthase, glutathione-S-transferase, catalase, trehalose phosphate synthase, vitellogenin, hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, and hormone receptor genes. Through various studies, it is demonstrated that RNAi is a reliable molecular tool which offers great promises in meeting the challenges imposed by crop insects with careful selection of key enzymes/proteins. Utilization of RNAi tool to target some of these key proteins of crop insects through various approaches is described here. The major challenges of RNAi based insect control such as identifying potential targets, delivery methods of silencing trigger, off target effects, and complexity of insect biology are very well illustrated. Further, required efforts to address these challenges are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maganti Sheshu Madhav
- Department of Biotechnology, Directorate of Rice Research, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice ResearchHyderabad, India
| | - Satendra K. Mangrauthia
- Department of Biotechnology, Directorate of Rice Research, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice ResearchHyderabad, India
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Yuan CC, Ma W, Schemmel P, Cheng YS, Liu J, Tsaprailis G, Feldman S, Ayme Southgate A, Irving TC. Elastic proteins in the flight muscle of Manduca sexta. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 568:16-27. [PMID: 25602701 PMCID: PMC4684177 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The flight muscles (DLM1) of the Hawkmoth, Manduca sexta are synchronous, requiring a neural spike for each contraction. Stress/strain curves of skinned DLM1 showed hysteresis indicating the presence of titin-like elastic proteins. Projectin and kettin are titin-like proteins previously identified in Lethocerus and Drosophila flight muscles. Analysis of Manduca muscles with 1% SDS-agarose gels and western blots showed two bands near 1 MDa that cross-reacted with antibodies to Drosophila projectin. Antibodies to Drosophila kettin cross-reacted to bands at ∼500 and ∼700 kDa, but also to bands at ∼1.6 and ∼2.1 MDa, that had not been previously observed in insect flight muscles. Mass spectrometry identified the 2.1 MDa protein as a product of the Sallimus (sls) gene. Analysis of the gene sequence showed that all 4 putative Sallimus and kettin isoforms could be explained as products of alternative splicing of the single sls gene. Both projectin and sallimus isoforms were expressed to higher levels in ventrally located DLM1 subunits, primarily responsible for active work production, as compared to dorsally located subunits, which may act as damped springs. The different expression levels of the 2 projectin isoforms and 4 sallimus/kettin isoforms may be adaptations to the specific requirements of individual muscle subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Ching Yuan
- Dept. of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Weikang Ma
- Dept. of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Peter Schemmel
- Dept. of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Yu-Shu Cheng
- Dept. of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Jiangmin Liu
- Dept. of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | | | - Samuel Feldman
- Dept. of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | - Thomas C Irving
- Dept. of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
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