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Jagodić J, Rovčanin B, Paunović I, Mihailović M, Zečević N, Manojlović D, Stojsavljević A. Elemental Composition of Pheochromocytoma Resolved on Solid/Adrenal Tissue and Whole Blood Level. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:3482-3490. [PMID: 34613583 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02945-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Pheochromocytoma (PCC) is an unusual benign adrenal tumor with an unexamined status of the elements. This study delivers the first insight into the levels of microelements (Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Th), toxic elements (Cd, Pb, U), and macroelements (Na, K, Mg, Ca) in both adrenal tissue and whole blood samples collected from PCC patients. The results were strengthened by comparing recorded findings with the patients' healthy adrenal tissue (HAT) and with whole blood samples from the healthy individuals. PCCs had significantly higher levels of Zn, Se, Na, K, and Mg and lower levels of Mn, Co, Pb, and As than that of HATs. Compared to healthy blood samples, the patients' blood exhibited considerably higher levels of Na, K, and Ca but significantly lower levels of Mn, Cu, Zn, Se, and Mg. Females had significantly higher levels of essential Se and toxic Pb and Cd in their PCC tissue samples compared to males. PCC tissue levels of Mn and Cu were significantly elevated in smokers over levels in nonsmokers and in PCC patients with tumor sizes below 5 cm compared to PCC diameters above 5 cm. The data presented in this study provide a new insight into the pathophysiology of PCC. Thus, recorded elements should be considered as initiators/modifiers of PCC and potential inductors of malignant transformation. The findings of this research deepen scientific understanding of this rare adrenal disease, which, in turn, could highlight the pathogenesis of PCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Jagodić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branislav Rovčanin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića starijeg 8, Belgrade, Serbia
- Center for Endocrine Surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovića 8, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Paunović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića starijeg 8, Belgrade, Serbia
- Center for Endocrine Surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovića 8, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mladen Mihailović
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nebojša Zečević
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića starijeg 8, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Manojlović
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia
- South Ural State University, Lenin Prospect 76, Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Aleksandar Stojsavljević
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia.
- Innovative Centre of the Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Elemental profiling of adrenal adenomas in solid tissue and blood samples by ICP-MS and ICP-OES. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Jagodić J, Rovčanin B, Paunović I, Jovanović M, Gavrović-Jankulović M, Manojlović D, Stojsavljević A. The first insight into the trace element status of human adrenal gland accompanied by elemental alterations in adrenal adenomas. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 63:126658. [PMID: 33035811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The baseline status of trace metals in adrenal tissue is unresolved, while the elemental profile for any adrenal pathology has not been examined so far. This study aimed to determine the baseline status of important toxic (Ni, As, Cd, Pb, Th, U) and essential trace elements (Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Se) in healthy adrenal tissues (HATs) as well as to examine whether there are alterations in the elemental composition of adenomatous adrenal tissues (AATs). Furthermore, this study aimed to find potential trace metals that could play a role in the pathogenesis of adrenal adenoma (AA). METHODS The study included 45 patients diagnosed with AA. Impacts of relevant parameters such as gender, age, smoking habits and nodular sizes were considered. All samples were subjected to microwave digestion and the trace elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). RESULTS This is the first study that provided an insight into the elemental status of HATs. It was also shown that AATs had altered trace metal contents. Compared to HATs, the most significant findings were related to the high content of essential (Cu, Mn, Se, Zn) and Pb as a non-essential metal. Although gender, age and smoking habits had a modest effect on metal profiles, the most significant alterations were related to the nodular diameter above 4 cm, indicating that the growth of benign tumor could influence changes in elemental composition. CONCLUSION For the first time the baseline contents of essential and toxic trace metals in HATs were determined. The results of this study may highlight the role of toxic and essential trace metals in AAs and could provide new insights into the molecular basis of pathophysiological changes caused by the hazardous effects of trace metals on adrenal structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Jagodić
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branislav Rovčanin
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; Center for Endocrine Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Dr Subotića 13, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Paunović
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; Center for Endocrine Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Dr Subotića 13, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Jovanović
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; Center for Endocrine Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Dr Subotića 13, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Gavrović-Jankulović
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Manojlović
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia; Departments Ecology, Management of Natural Resources and Chemical Engineering, South Ural State University, Lenin Prospect 76, Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Aleksandar Stojsavljević
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia; Innovation Center of the Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia.
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VanValin KR, Genther-Schroeder ON, Carmichael RN, Blank CP, Deters EL, Hartman SJ, Niedermayer EK, Hansen SL. Trace mineral metabolism and nutrient digestibility in lambs supplemented with zinc sulfate during an adrenocorticotropic hormone challenge. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Moya EA, Arias P, Iturriaga R. Nitration of MnSOD in the Carotid Body and Adrenal Gland Induced by Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia. J Histochem Cytochem 2018; 66:753-765. [PMID: 29775122 DOI: 10.1369/0022155418776229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), main feature of obstructive sleep apnea, produces nitro-oxidative stress, which contributes to potentiate carotid body (CB) chemosensory discharges and sympathetic-adrenal-axis activity, leading to hypertension. The MnSOD enzymatic activity, a key enzyme on oxidative stress control, is reduced by superoxide-induced nitration. However, the effects of CIH-induced nitration on MnSOD enzymatic activity in the CB and adrenal gland are not known. We studied the effects of CIH on MnSOD protein and immunoreactive (MnSOD-ir) levels in the CB, adrenal gland and superior cervical ganglion (SCG), and on 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT-ir), CuZnSOD (CuZnSOD-ir), MnSOD nitration, and its enzymatic activity in the CB and adrenal gland from male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to CIH for 7 days. CIH increased 3-NT-ir in CB and adrenal gland, whereas MnSOD-ir increased in the CB and in adrenal cortex, but not in the whole adrenal medulla or SCG. CIH nitrated MnSOD in the CB and adrenal medulla, but its activity decreased in the adrenal gland. CuZnSOD-ir remained unchanged in both tissues. All changes observed were prevented by ascorbic acid treatment. Present results show that CIH for 7 days produced MnSOD nitration, but failed to reduce its activity in the CB, because of the increased protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban A Moya
- Division of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Arias
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Iturriaga
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Vinson GP. Functional Zonation of the Adult Mammalian Adrenal Cortex. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:238. [PMID: 27378832 PMCID: PMC4908136 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard model of adrenocortical zonation holds that the three main zones, glomerulosa, fasciculata, and reticularis each have a distinct function, producing mineralocorticoids (in fact just aldosterone), glucocorticoids, and androgens respectively. Moreover, each zone has its specific mechanism of regulation, though ACTH has actions throughout. Finally, the cells of the cortex originate from a stem cell population in the outer cortex or capsule, and migrate centripetally, changing their phenotype as they progress through the zones. Recent progress in understanding the development of the gland and the distribution of steroidogenic enzymes, trophic hormone receptors, and other factors suggests that this model needs refinement. Firstly, proliferation can take place throughout the gland, and although the stem cells are certainly located in the periphery, zonal replenishment can take place within zones. Perhaps more importantly, neither the distribution of enzymes nor receptors suggest that the individual zones are necessarily autonomous in their production of steroid. This is particularly true of the glomerulosa, which does not seem to have the full suite of enzymes required for aldosterone biosynthesis. Nor, in the rat anyway, does it express MC2R to account for the response of aldosterone to ACTH. It is known that in development, recruitment of stem cells is stimulated by signals from within the glomerulosa. Furthermore, throughout the cortex local regulatory factors, including cytokines, catecholamines and the tissue renin-angiotensin system, modify and refine the effects of the systemic trophic factors. In these and other ways it more and more appears that the functions of the gland should be viewed as an integrated whole, greater than the sum of its component parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin P Vinson
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London London, UK
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Anacona JR, Loroño D, Azocar M, Atencio R. Synthesis, crystal structure and superoxide dismutase activity of [pyrrolidinium][Co(sulfathiazole)3(pyrrolidine)]. J COORD CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00958970802376265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. R. Anacona
- a Departamento de Química , Universidad de Oriente , Postal 208, Apartado, Cumana, Venezuela
| | - Daniel Loroño
- a Departamento de Química , Universidad de Oriente , Postal 208, Apartado, Cumana, Venezuela
| | - Mary Azocar
- a Departamento de Química , Universidad de Oriente , Postal 208, Apartado, Cumana, Venezuela
| | - Reinaldo Atencio
- b Centro de Quimica , Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas , IVIC, Caracas, Venezuela
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Hanukoglu I. Antioxidant Protective Mechanisms against Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Generated by Mitochondrial P450 Systems in Steroidogenic Cells. Drug Metab Rev 2008; 38:171-96. [PMID: 16684656 DOI: 10.1080/03602530600570040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial P450 type enzymes catalyze central steps in steroid biosynthesis, including cholesterol conversion to pregnenolone, 11beta and 18 hydroxylation in glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid synthesis, C-27 hydroxylation of bile acids, and 1alpha and 24 hydroxylation of 25-OH-vitamin D. These monooxygenase reactions depend on electron transfer from NADPH via FAD adrenodoxin reductase and 2Fe-2S adrenodoxin. These systems can function as a futile NADPH oxidase, oxidizing NADPH in absence of substrate, and leak electrons via adrenodoxin and P450 to O(2), producing superoxide and other reactive oxygen species (ROS). The degree of uncoupling depends on the P450 and steroid substrate. Studies with purified proteins and overexpression in cultured cells show consistently that adrenodoxin, but not reductase, is responsible for ROS production that can lead to apoptosis. In the ovary and corpus luteum, antioxidant enzyme activities superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase parallel steroidogenesis. Antioxidant beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol, and ascorbate can protect against oxidative damages of P450 systems. In testis Leydig cells, steroidogenesis is associated with aging of the steroidogenic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Hanukoglu
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Judea and Samaria, Ariel, Israel.
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Koncz P, Szanda G, Rajki A, Spät A. Reactive oxygen species, Ca2+ signaling and mitochondrial NAD(P)H level in adrenal glomerulosa cells. Cell Calcium 2006; 40:347-57. [PMID: 16765442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2006.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2006] [Revised: 03/30/2006] [Accepted: 04/12/2006] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The acute effects of ultraviolet light, the superoxide-generating xanthine-xanthine oxidase system and H(2)O(2) to on calcium signaling and mitochondrial pyridine nucleotide metabolism were investigated in rat glomerulosa cells. UV light induced the formation of superoxide, that, similar to exogenously applied superoxide and H(2)O(2), decreased the level of mitochondrial NAD(P)H. Free radical scavengers antagonized this effect of UV light. Extracellularly generated superoxide elicited Ca(2+) transients and inhibited angiotensin II-induced cytoplasmic Ca(2+) signaling. Low intensity UV light did not affect basal [Ca(2+)] and failed to influence Ca(2+) signaling induced by depolarization or store depletion. UV light of the same low power reduced both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial Ca(2+) signals induced by angiotensin II. The lack of UV effect on inositol phosphate formation indicates that the inhibition of cytoplasmic Ca(2+) signaling is due to reduced Ca(2+) release from InsP(3)-sensitive stores. Decreased mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake may be attributed to UV-induced perturbation of the perimitochondrial microdomain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Koncz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University and Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 259, H-1444 Budapest, Hungary
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