1
|
Kowalska M, Rupik W. Development of the duct system during exocrine pancreas differentiation in the grass snakeNatrix natrix(Lepidosauria, Serpentes). J Morphol 2018; 279:724-746. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kowalska
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology; University of Silesia; Katowice Poland
| | - Weronika Rupik
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology; University of Silesia; Katowice Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kowalska M, Rupik W. Ultrastructure of endocrine pancreatic granules during pancreatic differentiation in the grass snake, Natrix natrix L. (Lepidosauria, Serpentes). J Morphol 2017; 279:330-348. [PMID: 29148072 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We used transmission electron microscopy to study the pancreatic main endocrine cell types in the embryos of the grass snake Natrix natrix L. with focus on the morphology of their secretory granules. The embryonic endocrine part of the pancreas in the grass snake contains four main types of cells (A, B, D, and PP), which is similar to other vertebrates. The B granules contained a moderately electron-dense crystalline-like core that was polygonal in shape and an electron-dense outer zone. The A granules had a spherical electron-dense eccentrically located core and a moderately electron-dense outer zone. The D granules were filled with a moderately electron-dense non-homogeneous content. The PP granules had a spherical electron-dense core with an electron translucent outer zone. Within the main types of granules (A, B, D, PP), different morphological subtypes were recognized that indicated their maturity, which may be related to the different content of these granules during the process of maturation. The sequence of pancreatic endocrine cell differentiation in grass snake embryos differs from that in many vertebrates. In the grass snake embryos, the B and D cells differentiated earlier than A and PP cells. The different sequence of endocrine cell differentiation in snakes and other vertebrates has been related to phylogenetic position and nutrition during early developmental stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kowalska
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, University of Silesia, 9 Bankowa St, Katowice, 40-007, Poland
| | - Weronika Rupik
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, University of Silesia, 9 Bankowa St, Katowice, 40-007, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Petralia RS, Wang YX, Mattson MP, Yao PJ. Invaginating Presynaptic Terminals in Neuromuscular Junctions, Photoreceptor Terminals, and Other Synapses of Animals. Neuromolecular Med 2017; 19:193-240. [PMID: 28612182 PMCID: PMC6518423 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-017-8445-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Typically, presynaptic terminals form a synapse directly on the surface of postsynaptic processes such as dendrite shafts and spines. However, some presynaptic terminals invaginate-entirely or partially-into postsynaptic processes. We survey these invaginating presynaptic terminals in all animals and describe several examples from the central nervous system, including giant fiber systems in invertebrates, and cup-shaped spines, electroreceptor synapses, and some specialized auditory and vestibular nerve terminals in vertebrates. We then examine mechanoreceptors and photoreceptors, concentrating on the complex of pre- and postsynaptic processes found in basal invaginations of the cell. We discuss in detail the role of vertebrate invaginating horizontal cell processes in both chemical and electrical feedback mechanisms. We also discuss the common presence of indenting or invaginating terminals in neuromuscular junctions on muscles of most kinds of animals, and especially discuss those of Drosophila and vertebrates. Finally, we consider broad questions about the advantages of possessing invaginating presynaptic terminals and describe some effects of aging and disease, especially on neuromuscular junctions. We suggest that the invagination is a mechanism that can enhance both chemical and electrical interactions at the synapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald S Petralia
- Advanced Imaging Core, NIDCD/NIH, 35A Center Drive, Room 1E614, Bethesda, MD, 20892-3729, USA.
| | - Ya-Xian Wang
- Advanced Imaging Core, NIDCD/NIH, 35A Center Drive, Room 1E614, Bethesda, MD, 20892-3729, USA
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, NIA/NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Pamela J Yao
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, NIA/NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lozano MT, Hernández MP, Agulleiro B. Endocrine pancreatic cells from Xenopus laevis: light and electron microscopic studies. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1999; 114:191-205. [PMID: 10208768 DOI: 10.1006/gcen.1998.7247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY), somatostatin (SST)-28 (1-12), salmon (s) SST-25, and SST-14 immunoreactivities were demonstrated in the pancreatic endocrine cells of Xenopus laevis using light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. Insulin-, SST-28 (1-12)/SST-14-, and PYY-immunoreactive (ir) cells were found throughout the pancreas either isolated in small clusters of a single cell type or, except in the case of PYY-ir cells, forming islets consisting of various cell types. Anti-sSST-25 serum detected the invariant SST-14 form. Cells that were only immunoreactive to glucagon were isolated or clustered in the duodenal lobe, while in the splenic lobe cells immunoreactive to both glucagon and PP were observed in isolation, clustered, or in the periphery of the islets. There were no cells that were immunoreactive only to PP or to NPY. Ultrastructurally, the endocrine cells were characterized by their secretory granules, which were immunogold labeled with the corresponding antisera. Insulin cells had large round secretory granules with a round, irregular, or crystalline-like dense core. Glucagon-ir cells had round secretory granules with a dense core and a clear halo. Glucagon/PP- and PYY-ir cells showed round, ovoid, or pear-shaped secretory granules, which were larger and less electron dense in the latter cell type. The secretory granules of SST-ir cells were ovoid or bacillary with a medium electron-dense content. A sixth cell type with very small secretory granules could only be characterized by conventional electron microscopy, since it did not immunoreact with any of the antisera applied in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M T Lozano
- Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Trandaburu T, Nürnberger F, Ali SS. Distribution and ultrastructure of somatostatin-immunoreactive cells in the pancreas of Rana esculenta. Ann Anat 1995; 177:213-9. [PMID: 7598218 DOI: 10.1016/s0940-9602(11)80186-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Apart from a description of the general organization of the endocrine pancreas, the present study is focussed on the distribution and ultrastructural morphology of somatostatin-immunoreactive cells in the pancreas of the frog Rana esculenta. For light-microscopic histochemistry, the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique was used. For the ultrastructural investigation, we employed the immunogold method. The endocrine pancreas of R. esculenta is composed of numerous islet-like structures, which contain several small somatostatin-immunoreactive cells arranged in the form of clusters. Often, however, single somatostatin cells are randomly distributed among the acinar tissue of the pancreas. These individually arranged elements possess long processes which terminate on exocrine pancreatic cells. The ultrastructural features of somatostatin-immunoreactive cells speak in favor of their endocrine and paracrine functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Trandaburu
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Institute of Biology, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
Cossel L. Intermediate cells in the adult human pancreas. Contribution to the transformation of differentiated cells in vertebrates. VIRCHOWS ARCHIV. B, CELL PATHOLOGY INCLUDING MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY 1984; 47:313-88. [PMID: 6151312 DOI: 10.1007/bf02890214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Problems associated with the transformation of differentiated cells in vertebrate organisms are discussed based on electron microscopical results of intermediate cells (i.e. cells with morphological characteristics of exocrine acinar cells and endocrine cells of Langerhans' islets) in the pancreas of human adults with chronic insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. In this context, reference is made to experimental results of Scarpelli, Rao, and coworkers relating to the occurrence of hepatocyte-like cells in the pancreas of Syrian golden hamsters (Rao and Scarpelli 1980; Scarpelli and Rao 1981; Rao et al. 1983). These observations show that exocrine acinar cells of the pancreas may, even beyond the neonatal period, become transformed, depending upon different triggering stimuli, into different endocrine islet cells, or into hepatocytes, this being accomplished either directly or by new formation of cells (regeneration) with abnormal differentiation (metaplasia). Obviously, transformation is effected through a change in the activation of gene loci: the normally stably blocked genes are partially or completely deblocked for the functions of different endocrine islets cells or hepatocytes, and the original genetic expression of exocrine pancreatic functions is blocked either partially or completely. The results presented and quoted in this paper suggest that in all differentiated cells derived from the endoderm of the foregut, such as duct cells, exocrine and endocrine pancreatic cells, and hepatocytes, functional programs are retained which can be modified in the manner quoted to enable partial or complete transformation into one or another of these differentiated cells in the adult organism.
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Petkov PE, Nicolov D. Histological and histochemical investigations on the Langerhans' islets of the frog (Rana ridibunda). Acta Histochem 1981; 69:296-301. [PMID: 6805229 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-1281(81)80041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The Langerhans' islets of the frog Rana ridibunda are built up of A, B, and D cells like other vertebrates. The phospholipids (Baker's test) are located in the capillary pole of the B-Cells, where also beta-granules are present. In the cells of the endocrine pancreas there is found also some quantity of glycogen, but the reaction for zink is negative. The quantity of RNA in the cytoplasme of the islet's cells is minimum.
Collapse
|
10
|
Kaung HC, Elde RP. Distribution and morphometric quantitation of pancreatic endocrine cell types in the frog, Rana pipiens. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 1980; 196:173-81. [PMID: 6106438 DOI: 10.1002/ar.1091960208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cells reactive to anti-anglerfish insulin, anti-porcine glucagon, anti-synthetic somatostatin, and anti-bovine pancreatic polypeptide were identified in adult Rana pipiens male pancreases using peroxidase anti-peroxidase immunohistochemistry. Insulin positive cells are columnar shaped and arranged in cords. Glucagon positive and somatostatin positive cells are located around the core of insulin positive cells. Isolated cells and clusters of cells of only one cell type are also found. Adjacent sections stained with anti-glucagon and anti-bovine pancreatic polypeptide showed that glucagon positivity and pancreatic polypeptide positivity are found in the same cells. Comparison of double stained adjacent sections confirmed the presence of these two antigens in the same cells, and further showed the occasional presence of cells which are positive to only glucagon or pancreatic polypeptide. Staining of rat pancreas with these two antisera showed that glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide are present in two distinct cell populations. Morphometric quantitation of immunohistochemically stained sections of Rana pipiens pancreases showed that about 2% of the pancreas is endocrine tissue. Of this, 43% is comprised of insulin positive cells, and 43% is occupied by glucagon-pancreatic polypeptide positive cells. Somatostatin positive cell occupy about 14% of the total islet volume. The presence of glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide in the same cell population in the frog, but in different cell populations in mammals, may reflect special functional adaptation in this species, or a close relation of these two hormones and their cells of production during evolution.
Collapse
|
11
|
Kobayashi K, Takahashi Y. Fine structure of Langerhans' islet cells in a marine teleost Conger japonicus Bleeker. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1974; 23:1-18. [PMID: 4597655 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(74)90048-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
12
|
Makita T, Morimoto M, Kiwaki S. The formation and continuity of secretion granules in the splenic lobe of the pigeon pancreas as revealed by freeze-etching, micro-x-ray analysis and cytochemistry. THE HISTOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 1974; 6:185-98. [PMID: 4275169 DOI: 10.1007/bf01011806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
13
|
Kudo S, Takahashi Y. New cell types of the pancreatic islets in the crucian carp, Carassius carassius. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ZELLFORSCHUNG UND MIKROSKOPISCHE ANATOMIE (VIENNA, AUSTRIA : 1948) 1973; 146:425-38. [PMID: 4591797 DOI: 10.1007/bf02346233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
14
|
Pearse AG, Polak JM, Heath CM. Development, differentiation and derivation of the endocrine polypeptide cells of the mouse pancreas. Immunofluorescence, cytochemical and ultrastructural studies. Diabetologia 1973; 9:120-9. [PMID: 4577292 DOI: 10.1007/bf01230691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
15
|
Trandaburu T. Light, fluorescence, and electron microscopic investigations of the peripheral autonomic nervous system in frog pancreas with particular reference to monoamines and acetylcholinesterase activity in the islets of Langerhans. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ZELLFORSCHUNG UND MIKROSKOPISCHE ANATOMIE (VIENNA, AUSTRIA : 1948) 1972; 135:329-48. [PMID: 4566368 DOI: 10.1007/bf00307180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
16
|
Mikami SI, Muto K. Light- and electron-microscopic studies of the pancreatic islet cells in the chicken under normal and experimental conditions. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ZELLFORSCHUNG UND MIKROSKOPISCHE ANATOMIE (VIENNA, AUSTRIA : 1948) 1971; 116:205-27. [PMID: 4931144 DOI: 10.1007/bf00331262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
17
|
Klein C. Innervation des cellules du pancr�as endocrine du Poisson T�l�ost�en Xiphophorus helleri H. Cell Tissue Res 1971. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00325674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
18
|
Nakamura M, Yokote M. Ultrastructural studies on the islets of Langerhans of the carp. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANATOMIE UND ENTWICKLUNGSGESCHICHTE 1971; 134:61-72. [PMID: 4932517 DOI: 10.1007/bf00523287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
19
|
Boquist L, Patent G. The pancreatic islets of the teleost Scorpaena scropha. An ultrastructural study with particular regard to fibrillar granules. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ZELLFORSCHUNG UND MIKROSKOPISCHE ANATOMIE (VIENNA, AUSTRIA : 1948) 1971; 115:416-25. [PMID: 4930197 DOI: 10.1007/bf00324943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
20
|
Trandaburu T, Călugăreanu L. Light and electron microscopic investigation of the endrine pancreas of the grass-snake [Natrix n. natrix (L.)]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ZELLFORSCHUNG UND MIKROSKOPISCHE ANATOMIE (VIENNA, AUSTRIA : 1948) 1969; 97:212-25. [PMID: 4190685 DOI: 10.1007/bf00344758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
21
|
Fawcett DW, Long JA, Jones AL. The ultrastructure of endocrine glands. RECENT PROGRESS IN HORMONE RESEARCH 1969; 25:315-80. [PMID: 4900736 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-571125-8.50010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
22
|
�ber die Variabilit�t und experimentelle Beeinflussung der Morphologie der Zelltypen im Inselapparat des Frosches Rana ridibunda. Cell Tissue Res 1968. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00540664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
23
|
�ber fixationsbedingte Unterschiede in der elektronenmikroskopischen Morphologie der Zelltypen im Inselapparat des Frosches Rana ridibunda. Cell Tissue Res 1968. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00348526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
24
|
Licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Identifizierung der Zelltypen im Inselapparat des Frosches Rana ridibunda. Cell Tissue Res 1967. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00326107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|