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Prem PN, Kurian GA. Does cardiac impairment develop in ischemic renal surgery in rats depending on the reperfusion time? Heliyon 2024; 10:e31389. [PMID: 38803877 PMCID: PMC11129087 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Renal dysfunction is known to cause heart failure. However, renal dysfunction associated with kidney surgeries (mediated by reperfusion injury) that affects the cardiac physiological function, especially during the recovery and repair phase of renal surgery is unknown. Method Male Wistar rats (238 ± 18 g) were subjected to renal sham and ischemia-reperfusion (IR-bilateral clamping for 15 min/45 min and reperfusion for 24 h/48 h/7 days) surgeries. At the end of the experiment, the heart was isolated from the animal (to exclude neurohormonal influence) and perfused for 60 min with Krebs-Hanseleit buffer to study the physiological changes. Result Renal artery bilateral occlusion for 45 min that creates ischemia, followed by 24 h of reperfusion did not impart any significant cardiac physiological functional decline but 48 h of reperfusion exhibited a significant decline in cardiac hemodynamic indices (Rate pressure product in x104 mmHg*beats/min: Sham- 3.53 ± 0.19, I45_R48-2.82 ± 0.21) with mild tissue injury. However, 7 days of reperfusion inflict significant physiological decline (Rate pressure product in x104 mmHg*beats/min - 2.5 ± 0.14) and tissue injury (Injury score- 4 ± 1.5) in isolated rat hearts. Interestingly, when the renal artery bilateral occlusion time was reduced to 15 min the changes in the hearts were negligible after 7 days. Cellular level exploration reveals a positive relation between functional deterioration of mitochondria and elevated mitochondrial oxidative stress and inflammation with cardiac physiological decline and injury linked with renal ischemia-reperfusion surgery. Conclusion Cardiac functional decline associated with renal surgery is manifested during renal repair or recovery. This decline depends on cardiac mitochondrial health, which is negatively influenced by the renal IR mediators and kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka N. Prem
- Vascular Biology Lab, ASK-1, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gino A. Kurian
- Vascular Biology Lab, ASK-1, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
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Hussain T, Metwally E, Murtaza G, Kalhoro DH, Chughtai MI, Tan B, Omur AD, Tunio SA, Akbar MS, Kalhoro MS. Redox mechanisms of environmental toxicants on male reproductive function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1333845. [PMID: 38469179 PMCID: PMC10925774 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1333845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Humans and wildlife, including domesticated animals, are exposed to a myriad of environmental contaminants that are derived from various human activities, including agricultural, household, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and industrial products. Excessive exposure to pesticides, heavy metals, and phthalates consequently causes the overproduction of reactive oxygen species. The equilibrium between reactive oxygen species and the antioxidant system is preserved to maintain cellular redox homeostasis. Mitochondria play a key role in cellular function and cell survival. Mitochondria are vulnerable to damage that can be provoked by environmental exposures. Once the mitochondrial metabolism is damaged, it interferes with energy metabolism and eventually causes the overproduction of free radicals. Furthermore, it also perceives inflammation signals to generate an inflammatory response, which is involved in pathophysiological mechanisms. A depleted antioxidant system provokes oxidative stress that triggers inflammation and regulates epigenetic function and apoptotic events. Apart from that, these chemicals influence steroidogenesis, deteriorate sperm quality, and damage male reproductive organs. It is strongly believed that redox signaling molecules are the key regulators that mediate reproductive toxicity. This review article aims to spotlight the redox toxicology of environmental chemicals on male reproduction function and its fertility prognosis. Furthermore, we shed light on the influence of redox signaling and metabolism in modulating the response of environmental toxins to reproductive function. Additionally, we emphasize the supporting evidence from diverse cellular and animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarique Hussain
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Animal Science Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIAB-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Elsayed Metwally
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Government of Sindh, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Dildar Hussain Kalhoro
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ismail Chughtai
- Animal Science Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIAB-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bie Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ali Dogan Omur
- Department of Artificial Insemination, Faculty, Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Shakeel Ahmed Tunio
- Department of Livestock Management, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzad Akbar
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem Kalhoro
- Department of Agro-Industrial, Food, and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Applied Science, Food and Agro-Industrial Research Centre, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
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Deficiency of mindin reduces renal injury after ischemia reperfusion. Mol Med 2022; 28:152. [PMID: 36510147 PMCID: PMC9743537 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00578-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute renal injury (AKI) secondary to ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury continues to be a significant perioperative problem and there is no effective treatment. Mindin belongs to the mindin/F-spondin family and involves in inflammation, proliferation, and cell apoptosis. Previous studies have explored the biological functions of mindin in liver and brain ischemic injury, but its role in AKI is unknown. METHOD To investigate whether mindin has a pathogenic role, mindin knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were used to establish renal IR model. After 30 min of ischemia and 24 h of reperfusion, renal histology, serum creatinine, and inflammatory response were examined to assess kidney injury. In vitro, proinflammatory factors and inflammatory signaling pathways were measured in mindin overexpression or knockdown and vector cells after hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR). RESULTS Following IR, the kidney mindin level was increased in WT mice and deletion of mindin provided significant protection for mice against IR-induced renal injury as manifested by attenuated the elevation of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen along with less severity for histological alterations. Mindin deficiency significantly suppressed inflammatory cell infiltration, TNF-α and MCP-1 production following renal IR injury. Mechanistic studies revealed that mindin deficiency inhibits TLR4/JNK/NF-κB signaling activation. In vitro, the expression levels of TNF-α and MCP-1 were increased in mindin overexpression cells compared with vector cells following HR. Moreover, TLR4/JNK/NF-κB signaling activation was elevated in the mindin overexpression cells in response to HR stimulation while mindin knockdown inhibited the activation of TLR4/JNK/ NF-κB signaling after HR in vitro. Further study showed that mindin protein interacted directly with TLR4 protein. And more, mindin protein was confirmed to be expressed massively in renal tubule tissues of human hydronephrosis patients. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that mindin is a critical modulator of renal IR injury through regulating inflammatory responses. TLR4/JNK/NF-κB signaling most likely mediates the biological function of mindin in this model of renal ischemia.
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Kar F, Hacioglu C, Senturk H, Donmez DB, Kanbak G. The Role of Oxidative Stress, Renal Inflammation, and Apoptosis in Post Ischemic Reperfusion Injury of Kidney Tissue: the Protective Effect of Dose-Dependent Boric Acid Administration. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 195:150-158. [PMID: 31372827 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01824-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is associated with a strong inflammatory and oxidative stress response to hypoxia and reperfusion that impair organ function. We aimed to investigate the role of oxidative stress, renal inflammation, and apoptosis in the injury of the kidney tissue after ischemic reperfusion, and the protective effect of dose-dependent boric acid administration. For this purpose, 35 Sprague Dawley albino rats were divided into five groups of seven animals in each group: Sham, I/R and I/R + boric acid (BA) (i.p at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg). All animals underwent nephrectomy (the right kidney was removed) and were expected to recover for 15 days. After recovery, each animal received 45 min of ischemia. BA was injected intraperitoneally 10 min before reperfusion and a 24-h reperfusion procedure was performed. Sham group only underwent surgical stress procedure. In order to investigate the oxidative stress induced by I/R injury and antioxidant effects of different BA doses in the kidney tissue, TAS, TOS, MDA, SOD, CAT, and GSH levels were measured. DNA fragmentation, cytochrome C levels, caspase 3 activity were measured to determine apoptotic index in tissue. IL-6 and TNF-α levels were measured in the evaluation of inflammation. Hematoxylin-eosin and TUNEL staining was performed for histopathological examinations. As a result, increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis after I/R were decreased with different doses of BA treatment. The application of high-dose BA was found to be lower in anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects than in the low-dose groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Kar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
| | - Ceyhan Hacioglu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Hakan Senturk
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Dilek Burukoglu Donmez
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Gungor Kanbak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Rangel ÉB, Gomes SA, Kanashiro-Takeuchi R, Hare JM. Progenitor/Stem Cell Delivery by Suprarenal Aorta Route in Acute Kidney Injury. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:1390-1403. [PMID: 31409111 PMCID: PMC6802150 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719860826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Progenitor/stem cell-based kidney regenerative strategies are a key step towards
the development of novel therapeutic regimens for kidney disease treatment.
However, the route of cell delivery, e.g., intravenous, intra-arterial, or
intra-parenchymal, may affect the efficiency for kidney repair in different
models of acute and chronic injury. Here, we describe a protocol of intra-aorta
progenitor/stem cell injection in rats following either acute
ischemia-reperfusion injury or acute proteinuria induced by puromycin
aminonucleoside (PAN) – the experimental prototype of human minimal change
disease and early stages of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. Vascular
clips were applied across both renal pedicles for 35 min, or a single dose of
PAN was injected via intra-peritoneal route, respectively. Subsequently, 2 x
106 stem cells [green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled c-Kit+
progenitor/stem cells or GFP-mesenchymal stem cells] or saline were injected
into the suprarenal aorta, above the renal arteries, after application of a
vascular clip to the abdominal aorta below the renal arteries. This approach
contributed to engraftment rates of ∼10% at day 8 post ischemia-reperfusion
injury, when c-Kit+ progenitor/stem cells were injected, which accelerated
kidney recovery. Similar rates of engraftment were found after PAN-induced
podocyte damage at day 21. With practice and gentle surgical technique, 100% of
the rats could be injected successfully, and, in the week following injection, ∼
85% of the injected rats will recover completely. Given the similarities in
mammals, much of the data obtained from intra-arterial delivery of
progenitor/stem cells in rodents can be tested in translational research and
clinical trials with endovascular catheters in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érika B Rangel
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Leonard M Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, USA.,Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.,Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samirah A Gomes
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Leonard M Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, USA.,Laboratory of Cellular, Genetic, and Molecular Nephrology, Renal Division, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosemeire Kanashiro-Takeuchi
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Leonard M Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Leonard M Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, USA
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Leonard M Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Leonard M Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Leonard M Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, USA
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Kumaş M, Eşrefoğlu M, Karataş E, Duymaç N, Kanbay S, Ergün IS, Üyüklü M, Koçyiğit A. Investigation of dose-dependent effects of berberine against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in experimental diabetic rats. Nefrologia 2019; 39:411-423. [PMID: 30712966 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia-reperfusion injury causes various severe morphological and functional changes in diabetic patients. To date, numerous antidiabetic and antioxidant agents have been used for treatment of the disease-related changes. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine effective therapeutic doses or doses of berberine against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model by histopathological and biochemical analysis. METHODS Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats were treated with STZ injection for the development of diabetes, and divided into the following groups: STZ-induced diabetic group (STZ); IRI-induced diabetic group (STZ+IRI); 50mg/kg berberine (BRB) treated diabetic group after inducing IRI (STZ+IRI+BRB1); 100mg/kg BRB treated diabetic group after IRI (STZ+IRI+BRB2); 150mg/kg BRB treated diabetic group after IRI (STZ+IRI+BRB3). Bilateral renal ischemia model was applied for 45min, then reperfusion was allowed for 14 days in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Renal injury was detected histopathologically. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were measured in serum using the ELISA method. Total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) of renal tissue was studied by spectrophotometric assay. Oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated as TOS-to-TAS ratio. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), Na+/K+-ATPase (sodium pump), and Ca2+-ATPase (calcium ATPase) enzyme levels were measured in tissues using the ELISA method. Anti-apoptotic Bax and pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein levels were detected by Western blot analysis. All data were evaluated statistically. RESULTS The highest histopathological score was detected in the STZ+IRI group compared to the other group. BRB administration at the doses of 100mg/kg and 150mg/kg markedly improved renal injury. BUN and creatinine levels significantly increased in the STZ+IRI group compared to the STZ group (p<0.001). 100mg/kg and 150mg/kg BRB administration significantly decreased those levels (p<0.01). The highest TOS and the lowest TAS levels were detected in the STZ+IRI group (p<0.001). IRI markedly aggravated inflammation via increasing levels of TNF-α and CRP (<0.001), and caused apoptosis via inducing Bcl-2 protein, and suppressing Bax protein (p<0.001). BRB administration at the doses of 100mg/kg and 150mg/kg showed anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects (p<0.01). The LDH enzyme, was used as a necrosis marker, was higher in the STZ+IRI group than other groups. BRB administration at all of the doses, resulted in the decline of LDH enzyme level (p<0.001). Ca2+-ATPase and Na+/K+-ATPase enzyme activities decreased in the STZ+IRI group compared to the STZ group (p<0.001), while BRB administration at the doses of 100mg/kg and 150mg/kg significantly increased those of enzyme activities, respectively (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Ischemia with diabetes caused severe histopathological and biochemical damage in renal tissue. The high doses of berberine markedly improved histopathological findings, regulated kidney function via decreasing BUN and creatinine levels, and rearranged intercellular ion concentration via increasing Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+- ATPase levels. Berberine showed anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects. According to these data, we suggest that berberine at the doses of 100 and 150mg may be used as a potential therapeutic agent to prevent renal ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Kumaş
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mukaddes Eşrefoğlu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ersin Karataş
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Nurcihan Duymaç
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Songül Kanbay
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilyas Samet Ergün
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Üyüklü
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahim Koçyiğit
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
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Evaluation of combination therapy with hydrocortisone, vitamin C, and vitamin E in a rat model of intestine ischemia-reperfusion injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-017-2610-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Protective effect of focal adhesion kinase against skeletal muscle reperfusion injury after acute limb ischemia. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2014; 49:306-13. [PMID: 25556082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In cardiac muscle, ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury is attenuated by mitochondrial function, which may be upregulated by focal adhesion kinase (FAK). The aim of this study was to determine whether increased FAK levels reduced rhabdomyolysis in skeletal muscle too. MATERIAL AND METHODS In a translational in vivo experiment, rat lower limbs were subjected to 4 hours of ischemia followed by 24 or 72 hours of reperfusion. FAK expression was stimulated 7 days before (via somatic transfection with pCMV-driven FAK expression plasmid) and outcomes were measured against non-transfected and empty transfected controls. Slow oxidative (i.e., mitochondria-rich) and fast glycolytic (i.e., mitochondria-poor) type muscles were analyzed separately regarding rhabdomyolysis, apoptosis, and inflammation. Severity of IR injury was assessed using paired non-ischemic controls. RESULTS After 24 hours of reperfusion, marked rhabdomyolysis was found in non-transfected and empty plasmid-transfected fast-type glycolytic muscle, tibialis anterior. Prior transfection enhanced FAK concentration significantly (p = 0.01). Concomitantly, levels of BAX, promoting mitochondrial transition pores, were reduced sixfold (p = 0.02) together with a blunted inflammation (p = 0.01) and reduced rhabdomyolysis (p = 0.003). Slow oxidative muscle, m. soleus, reacted differently: although apoptosis was detectable after IR, rhabdomyolysis did not appear before 72 hours of reperfusion; and FAK levels were not enhanced in ischemic muscle despite transfection (p = 0.66). CONCLUSIONS IR-induced skeletal muscle rhabdomyolysis is a fiber type-specific phenomenon that appears to be modulated by mitochondria reserves. Stimulation of FAK may exploit these reserves constituting a potential therapeutic approach to reduce tissue loss following acute limb IR in fast-type muscle.
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Sadek EM, Afifi NM, Elfattah LIA, Mohsen MAAE. Histological study on effect of mesenchymal stem cell therapy on experimental renal injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion in male albino rat. Int J Stem Cells 2013; 6:55-66. [PMID: 24298374 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc.2013.6.1.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Acute kidney injury (AKI) represents a major clinical problem with high mortality and limited treatment protocols. This study was planned to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of bone marrow - derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in a rat model of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) AKI. METHODS AND RESULTS This study was carried out on thirty adult male albino rats. Animals were divided equally into three groups. Group I (control sham-operated group) (n=10), were subdivided equally into two subgroups; Ia and Ib. The experimental group (n=20) were all subjected to I/R injury by clamping both renal pedicles for 40 minutes. Half of the I/R animals did not receive MSC therapy (group II) [non-MSC treated group]. The other half of the I/R animals received single intravenous injection of PKH26 labelled BM-MSCs immediately after removal of the clamps and visual confirmation of reflow (group III) [MSC treated group]. Animals were sacrificed 24 hrs (subgroups IIa & IIIa) and 72 hrs (subgroups IIb & IIIb) after intervention. Serological measurements included serum urea and creatinine. Kidney specimens were processed for H&E, PAS and PCNA. Mean % of renal corpuscles with affected glomeruli, mean % of affected tubules, mean area % of PAS-positive reaction and mean area % of PCNA immunoreactivity were measured by histomorphometric studies and statistically compared. MSCs-treated group exhibited protection against renal injury serologically and histologically. CONCLUSIONS Results of the present study suggest a potential reno-protective capacity of MSCs which could be of considerable therapeutic promise for cell-based management of clinical AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Mostafa Sadek
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Collares-Buzato CB, da Cruz-Höfling MA. Disarray of glomerular and tubular cell adhesion molecules in the course of experimental Bothrops moojeni envenomation. Toxicon 2013; 78:41-6. [PMID: 24291462 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we show that administration of Bothrops moojeni venom in rats induces a general disturbance in the distribution and content of the tight junctional protein ZO-1, the cell-matrix receptor beta 1 integrin, the cytoskeletal proteins, vinculin and F-actin, and of the extracellular matrix component laminin in renal corpuscles and cortical nephron tubules. These findings suggest that cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion proteins may be molecular targets in the B. moojeni-induced kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Beatriz Collares-Buzato
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biology, P.O. Box 6109, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13 087-130 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Alice da Cruz-Höfling
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biology, P.O. Box 6109, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13 087-130 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Transcriptome analysis of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury and its modulation by ischemic pre-conditioning or hemin treatment. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49569. [PMID: 23166714 PMCID: PMC3498198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a leading cause of acute renal failure. The definition of the molecular mechanisms involved in renal IRI and counter protection promoted by ischemic pre-conditioning (IPC) or Hemin treatment is an important milestone that needs to be accomplished in this research area. We examined, through an oligonucleotide microarray protocol, the renal differential transcriptome profiles of mice submitted to IRI, IPC and Hemin treatment. After identifying the profiles of differentially expressed genes observed for each comparison, we carried out functional enrichment analysis to reveal transcripts putatively involved in potential relevant biological processes and signaling pathways. The most relevant processes found in these comparisons were stress, apoptosis, cell differentiation, angiogenesis, focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, ion transport, angiogenesis, mitosis and cell cycle, inflammatory response, olfactory transduction and regulation of actin cytoskeleton. In addition, the most important overrepresented pathways were MAPK, ErbB, JAK/STAT, Toll and Nod like receptors, Angiotensin II, Arachidonic acid metabolism, Wnt and coagulation cascade. Also, new insights were gained about the underlying protection mechanisms against renal IRI promoted by IPC and Hemin treatment. Venn diagram analysis allowed us to uncover common and exclusively differentially expressed genes between these two protective maneuvers, underscoring potential common and exclusive biological functions regulated in each case. In summary, IPC exclusively regulated the expression of genes belonging to stress, protein modification and apoptosis, highlighting the role of IPC in controlling exacerbated stress response. Treatment with the Hmox1 inducer Hemin, in turn, exclusively regulated the expression of genes associated with cell differentiation, metabolic pathways, cell cycle, mitosis, development, regulation of actin cytoskeleton and arachidonic acid metabolism, suggesting a pleiotropic effect for Hemin. These findings improve the biological understanding of how the kidney behaves after IRI. They also illustrate some possible underlying molecular mechanisms involved in kidney protection observed with IPC or Hemin treatment maneuvers.
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Santos ARC, Corredor RG, Obeso BA, Trakhtenberg EF, Wang Y, Ponmattam J, Dvoriantchikova G, Ivanov D, Shestopalov VI, Goldberg JL, Fini ME, Bajenaru ML. β1 integrin-focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling modulates retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48332. [PMID: 23118988 PMCID: PMC3485184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) integrity in the central nervous system (CNS) is essential for neuronal homeostasis. Signals from the ECM are transmitted to neurons through integrins, a family of cell surface receptors that mediate cell attachment to ECM. We have previously established a causal link between the activation of the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), degradation of laminin in the ECM of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), and RGC death in a mouse model of retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI). Here we investigated the role of laminin-integrin signaling in RGC survival in vitro, and after ischemia in vivo. In purified primary rat RGCs, stimulation of the β1 integrin receptor with laminin, or agonist antibodies enhanced RGC survival in correlation with activation of β1 integrin’s major downstream regulator, focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Furthermore, β1 integrin binding and FAK activation were required for RGCs’ survival response to laminin. Finally, in vivo after RIRI, we observed an up-regulation of MMP-9, proteolytic degradation of laminin, decreased RGC expression of β1 integrin, FAK and Akt dephosphorylation, and reduced expression of the pro-survival molecule bcl-xL in the period preceding RGC apoptosis. RGC death was prevented, in the context of laminin degradation, by maintaining β1 integrin activation with agonist antibodies. Thus, disruption of homeostatic RGC-laminin interaction and signaling leads to cell death after retinal ischemia, and maintaining integrin activation may be a therapeutic approach to neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rachelle C. Santos
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Raul G. Corredor
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Betty Albo Obeso
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ephraim F. Trakhtenberg
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Neuroscience Program, Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ying Wang
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jamie Ponmattam
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Galina Dvoriantchikova
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Dmitry Ivanov
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Valery I. Shestopalov
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey L. Goldberg
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Neuroscience Program, Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mary Elizabeth Fini
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Michaela Livia Bajenaru
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Conde E, Alegre L, Blanco-Sánchez I, Sáenz-Morales D, Aguado-Fraile E, Ponte B, Ramos E, Sáiz A, Jiménez C, Ordoñez A, López-Cabrera M, del Peso L, de Landázuri MO, Liaño F, Selgas R, Sanchez-Tomero JA, García-Bermejo ML. Hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1 alpha) is induced during reperfusion after renal ischemia and is critical for proximal tubule cell survival. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33258. [PMID: 22432008 PMCID: PMC3303832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) caused by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) during renal transplantation delays allograft function. Identification of factors that mediate protection and/or epithelium recovery could help to improve graft outcome. We studied the expression, regulation and role of hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1 α), using in vitro and in vivo experimental models of I/R as well as human post-transplant renal biopsies. We found that HIF-1 α is stabilized in proximal tubule cells during ischemia and unexpectedly in late reperfusion, when oxygen tension is normal. Both inductions lead to gene expression in vitro and in vivo. In vitro interference of HIF-1 α promoted cell death and in vivo interference exacerbated tissue damage and renal dysfunction. In pos-transplant human biopsies, HIF-1 α was expressed only in proximal tubules which exhibited normal renal structure with a significant negative correlation with ATN grade. In summary, using experimental models and human biopsies, we identified a novel HIF-1 α induction during reperfusion with a potential critical role in renal transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Conde
- Department of System Disorders and Cancer, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Alegre
- Department of System Disorders and Cancer, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nephrology, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Blanco-Sánchez
- Department of System Disorders and Cancer, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Sáenz-Morales
- Department of System Disorders and Cancer, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elia Aguado-Fraile
- Department of System Disorders and Cancer, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Ponte
- Department of System Disorders and Cancer, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Edurne Ramos
- Department of System Disorders and Cancer, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sáiz
- Department of System Disorders and Cancer, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Jiménez
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital La Paz (IdIPaz), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Ordoñez
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Luis del Peso
- HIV Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Hospital La Paz (IdiPAZ), Autónoma University School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Research Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Liaño
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Selgas
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital La Paz (IdIPaz), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Laura García-Bermejo
- Department of System Disorders and Cancer, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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14
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Hussein AAM, El-Dken ZH, Barakat N, Abol-Enein H. Renal ischaemia/reperfusion injury: possible role of aquaporins. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2012; 204:308-16. [PMID: 21992594 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02372.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Renal ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common problem that occurs when blood flow is interrupted to the kidney in case of kidney transplantation, aortic cross-clamping and shock with subsequent resuscitation. Renal I/R injury is a complex conditions which includes the onset of an inflammatory process, which is associated with impairment of concentrating ability of the kidney and impairment of solute transport. Characteristically, renal I/R injury is associated with marked reduction in the protein expression of renal aquaporins (AQPs) mainly (AQP1, AQP2 and AQP3), and solute transporters were observed in this condition and could account for the impaired urinary concentration that observed in this condition. Recently, many agents were tested for a possible protective effect against this insult such as erythropoietin (EPO), α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and α-lipoic acid which were proved to prevent downregulation of AQPs and solute transporters. The aim of this short review is to outline the potential pathophysiological role of AQPs in renal I/R injury and to put a spotlight on the modulation of renal functions impairment in renal ischaemia by new drugs that prevent downregulation of AQPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-A M Hussein
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.
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15
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Foglieni C, Fulgenzi A, Belloni D, Sciorati C, Ferrero E, Ferrero ME. Ozonated autohemotherapy: protection of kidneys from ischemia in rats subjected to unilateral nephrectomy. BMC Nephrol 2011; 12:61. [PMID: 22081953 PMCID: PMC3261102 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2369-12-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ozonated autohemotherapy (OA) has been previously successfully used in the treatment of patients affected by peripheral occlusive arterial disease. OA consists of an intrafemoral reinfusion of autologous blood previously exposed to a mixture of oxygen/ozone (O2/O3). This study analyzes the effects of OA in protecting rat kidney from ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion damage. Methods We performed OA 30 min before the induction of 60 min renal ischemia or at the induction of 60 min postischemic reperfusion in rats subjected to unilateral nephrectomy. In addition, to evidence the possible protection induced by O2/O3 on endothelial functions, the present study analyzes the in vitro effects of O2/O3 on oxygen consumption by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Results 1) OA preserves rat kidney functions and architecture, as demonstrated by the improved levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen and by histology; 2) such protection does not correlate with the increase of plasmatic nitric oxide, but is compatible with a focal renal increase of renal βNADPH-diaphorase; 3) treatment of HUVEC with O2/O3 significantly increases both the rate of oxygen consumption and the mitochondrial activity assessed by confocal microscopy. Conclusion The preservation of the mitochondrial activity of endothelium could in vivo limit the endothelial dysfunction provoked by the Isc or Isc/R processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Foglieni
- Clinical Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
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16
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Wong EWP, Cheng CY. Impacts of environmental toxicants on male reproductive dysfunction. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2011; 32:290-9. [PMID: 21324536 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Male infertility caused by exposure to environmental toxicants such as cadmium, mercury, bisphenol A (BPA) and dioxin is a global problem, particularly in industrialized countries. Studies in the testis and other organs have illustrated the importance of environmental toxicant-induced oxidative stress in mediating disruption to cell junctions. This, in turn, is regulated by the activation of PI3K/c-Src/FAK and MAPK signaling pathways, with the involvement of polarity proteins. This leads to reproductive dysfunction such as reduced sperm count and reduced quality of semen. In this review, we discuss how these findings can improve understanding of the modes of action of environmental toxicants in testicular dysfunction. Thus, specific inhibitors and/or antagonists against signaling molecules in these pathways may be able to 'reverse' and/or 'block' the disruptive effects of toxicant-induced damage. Additional studies comparing high-level acute exposure versus low-level chronic exposure to environmental toxicants are also needed to fully elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism(s) by which these toxicants disrupt male reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa W P Wong
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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17
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Kwak W, Jang HS, Belay T, Kim J, Ha YS, Lee SW, Ahn BC, Lee J, Park KM, Yoo J. Evaluation of kidney repair capacity using 99mTc-DMSA in ischemia/reperfusion injury models. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 406:7-12. [PMID: 21277288 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.01.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative (99m)Tc-DMSA renal uptake was studied in different renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) mice models for the assessment of renal repair capacity. Mice models of nephrectomy, uni- and bi-lateral I/R together with sham-operated mice were established. At 1h, 1d, 4d, 1, 2 and 3 wk after I/R, (99m)Tc-DMSA (27.7 ± 1.3 MBq) was injected via tail vein and after 3h post-injection, the mice were scanned for 30 min with pinhole equipped gamma camera. Higher uptake of (99m)Tc-DMSA was measured in normal kidneys of uni-lateral I/R model and nephrectomized kidney I/R model at 3 wk post-surgery. Comparing the restoration capacities of the affected kidneys of nephrectomy, uni- and bi-lateral I/R models, higher repair capacity was observed in the nephrectomized model followed by bi-lateral then uni-lateral models. The normal kidney may retard the restoration of damaged kidney in uni-lateral I/R model. Moreover, 3 wk after Uni-I/R, the size of injured kidney was significantly smaller than non-ischemic contralateral and sham operated kidneys, while nephrectomy I/R kidneys were significantly enlarged compared to all others at 3 wk post-surgery. Very strong correlation between (99m)Tc-DMSA uptake and weight of dissected kidneys in I/R models was observed. Consistent with (99m)Tc-DMSA uptake results, all histological results indicate that kidney recovery after injury is correlated with the amount of intact tubules and kidney sizes. In summary, our study showed good potentials of (99m)Tc-DMSA scan as a promising non-invasive method for evaluation of kidney restoration after I/R injuries. Interestingly, mice with Bi-I/R injury showed faster repair capacity than those with uni-I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjung Kwak
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-422, Republic of Korea
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18
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Li M, Balamuthusamy S, Khan AM, Maderdrut JL, Simon EE, Batuman V. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide ameliorates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. Peptides 2010; 31:592-602. [PMID: 20034524 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Revised: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin nephrotoxicity involves DNA damage, proinflammatory responses and apoptosis/necrosis of renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) has been shown to protect kidneys from ischemic injury and light chain-induced damage by modulating inflammation. Confluent monolayer of HK-2 human renal cells were exposed to 50 microM cisplatin in the presence or absence of either PACAP38 or p53 siRNA. Mice injected with cisplatin were also treated with PACAP38 daily for 3 days. The damage to HK-2 cells caused by cisplatin involved the activation of p53, caspase-7, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1). PACAP38 prevented the decrease in the apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease-1 by suppressing p53 activation and blocked the cleavage of caspase-7 and PARP-1 in cisplatin-exposed cells. PACAP also markedly inhibited cisplatin-induced apoptotic tubule cell death. Exposure to cisplatin significantly suppressed the expression of fibronectin and collagens I and IV, and altered the integrin repertoire of human renal tubule cells, while PACAP partially reversed the reduction of fibronectin, collagen IV, and the integrin subunits in cells exposed to cisplatin. Experiments with PACAP receptor antagonists and siRNA silencing of p53 showed that the renoprotection with PACAP was mediated by the PAC(1) receptor and through both p53-dependent and -independent suppression of apoptosis. PACAP was renoprotective in vivo and prevented the rise in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine in mice treated with cisplatin. These results suggest that p53 plays a pivotal role in decreased integrin-mediated extracellular matrix component expression in cisplatin-induced tubule cell apoptosis, and reveal a novel aspect of PACAP-mediated renoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Section of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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19
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Differential resolution of inflammation and recovery after renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in Brown Norway compared with Sprague Dawley rats. Kidney Int 2010; 77:781-93. [PMID: 20164827 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2010.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
To investigate mechanisms conferring susceptibility or resistance to renal ischemia, we used two rat strains known to exhibit different responses to ischemia-reperfusion. We exposed proximal tubule cells isolated from Sprague Dawley or Brown Norway rats, to a protocol of hypoxia, followed by reoxygenation in vitro. The cells isolated from both rat strains exhibited comparable responses in the disruption of intercellular adhesions and cytoskeletal damage. In vivo, after 24 h of reperfusion, both strains showed similar degrees of injury. However, after 7 days of reperfusion, renal function and tubular structure almost completely recovered and inflammation resolved, but only in Brown Norway rats. Hypoxia-inducible factor-dependent gene expression, ERK1/2, and Akt activation were different in the two strains. Inflammatory mediators MCP-1, IL-10, INF-gamma, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha were similarly induced at 24 h in both strains but were downregulated earlier in Brown Norway rats, which correlated with shorter NFkappaB activation in the kidney. Moreover, VLA-4 expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes and VCAM-1 expression in kidney tissues were initially similar at 24 h but reached basal levels earlier in Brown Norway rats. The faster resolution of inflammation in Brown Norway rats suggests that this strain might be a useful experimental model to determine the mechanisms that promote repair of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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20
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Alderliesten M, de Graauw M, Oldenampsen J, Qin Y, Pont C, van Buren L, van de Water B. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation during renal ischemia/reperfusion mediates focal adhesion dissolution and renal injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2007; 171:452-62. [PMID: 17620366 PMCID: PMC1934533 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2007.060805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Acute renal failure due to ischemia/reperfusion involves disruption of integrin-mediated cellular adhesion and activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. The dynamics of focal adhesion organization and phosphorylation during ischemia/reperfusion in relation to ERK activation are unknown. In control kidneys, protein tyrosine-rich focal adhesions, containing focal adhesion kinase, paxillin, and talin, were present at the basolateral membrane of tubular cells and colocalized with short F-actin stress fibers. Unilateral renal ischemia/reperfusion caused a reversible protein dephosphorylation and loss of focal adhesions. The focal adhesion protein phosphorylation rebounded in a biphasic manner, in association with increased focal adhesion kinase, Src, and paxillin tyrosine phosphorylation. Preceding phosphorylation of these focal adhesion proteins, reperfusion caused increased phosphorylation of ERK. The specific mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 inhibitor U0126 prevented ERK activation and attenuated focal adhesion kinase, paxillin, and Src phosphorylation, focal adhesion restructuring, and ischemia/reperfusion-induced renal injury. We propose a model whereby ERK activation enhanced protein tyrosine phosphorylation during ischemia/reperfusion, thereby driving the dynamic dissolution and restructuring of focal adhesions and F-actin cytoskeleton during reperfusion and renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Alderliesten
- Division of Toxicology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, The Netherlands
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21
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Sáenz-Morales D, Escribese MM, Stamatakis K, García-Martos M, Alegre L, Conde E, Pérez-Sala D, Mampaso F, García-Bermejo ML. Requirements for proximal tubule epithelial cell detachment in response to ischemia: role of oxidative stress. Exp Cell Res 2006; 312:3711-27. [PMID: 17026998 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2006] [Revised: 05/18/2006] [Accepted: 05/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sublethal renal ischemia induces tubular epithelium damage and kidney dysfunction. Using NRK-52E rat proximal tubular epithelial cells, we have established an in vitro model, which includes oxygen and nutrients deprivation, to study the proximal epithelial cell response to ischemia. By means of this system, we demonstrate that confluent NRK-52E cells lose monolayer integrity and detach from collagen IV due to: (i) actin cytoskeleton reorganization; (ii) Rac1 and RhoA activity alterations; (iii) Adherens junctions (AJ) and Tight junctions (TJ) disruption, involving redistribution but not degradation of E-cadherin, beta-catenin and ZO-1; (iv) focal adhesion complexes (FAC) disassembly, entangled by mislocalization of paxillin and FAK dephosphorylation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated during the deprivation phase and rapidly balanced at recovery involving MnSOD induction, among others. The use of antioxidants (NAC) prevented FAC disassembly by blocking paxillin redistribution and FAK dephosphorylation, without abrogating AJ or TJ disruption. In spite of this, NAC did not show any protective effect on cell detachment. H(2)O(2), as a pro-oxidant treatment, supported the contribution of ROS in tubular epithelial cell-matrix but not cell-cell adhesion alterations. In conclusion, ROS-mediated FAC disassembly was not sufficient for the proximal epithelial cell shedding in response to sublethal ischemia, which also requires intercellular adhesion disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sáenz-Morales
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Univ. Ramón y Cajal, Crta. de Colmenar, Km 9,1, 28034, Madrid, Spain
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Devarajan
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, OH 45229-3039, USA.
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23
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Foglieni C, Fulgenzi A, Ticozzi P, Pellegatta F, Sciorati C, Belloni D, Ferrero E, Ferrero ME. Protective effect of EDTA preadministration on renal ischemia. BMC Nephrol 2006; 7:5. [PMID: 16536881 PMCID: PMC1501003 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2369-7-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2005] [Accepted: 03/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chelation therapy with sodium edetate (EDTA) improved renal function and slowed the progression of renal insufficiency in patients subjected to lead intoxication. This study was performed to identify the underlying mechanism of the ability of EDTA treatment to protect kidneys from damage. METHODS The effects of EDTA administration were studied in a rat model of acute renal failure induced by 60 minutes ischemia followed or not by 60 minutes reperfusion. Renal ischemic damage was evaluated by histological studies and by functional studies, namely serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels. Treatment with EDTA was performed 30 minutes before the induction of ischemia. Polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) adhesion capability, plasmatic nitric oxide (NO) levels and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) renal expression were studied as well as the EDTA protection from the TNFalpha-induced vascular leakage in the kidneys. Data was compared by two-way analysis of variance followed by a post hoc test. RESULTS EDTA administration resulted in the preservation of both functional and histological parameters of rat kidneys. PMN obtained from peripheral blood of EDTA-treated ischemized rats, displayed a significant reduction in the expression of the adhesion molecule Mac-1 with respect to controls. NO was significantly increased by EDTA administration and eNOS expression was higher and more diffuse in kidneys of rats treated with EDTA than in the controls. Finally, EDTA administration was able to prevent in vivo the TNFalpha-induced vascular leakage in the kidneys. CONCLUSION This data provides evidence that EDTA treatment is able to protect rat kidneys from ischemic damage possibly through the stimulation of NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Foglieni
- Cardiovascular Department, Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, via Olgettina, 60 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fulgenzi
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 31, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Ticozzi
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 31, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Pellegatta
- Istituto di Scienze Farmacologiche Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 22, Milan, Italy
| | - Clara Sciorati
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Belloni
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 31, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ferrero
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Ferrero
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 31, Milan, Italy
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