1
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Cobb MS, Tao S, Shortt K, Girgis M, Hauptman J, Schriewer J, Chin Z, Dorfman E, Campbell K, Heruth DP, Shohet RV, Dawn B, Konorev EA. Smad3 promotes adverse cardiovascular remodeling and dysfunction in doxorubicin-treated hearts. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H1091-H1107. [PMID: 36269647 PMCID: PMC9678413 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00312.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Many anticancer therapies cause serious cardiovascular complications that degrade quality of life and cause early mortality in treated patients. Specifically, doxorubicin is known as an effective anticancer agent that causes cardiomyopathy in treated patients. There has been growing interest in defining the role of endothelial cells in cardiac damage by doxorubicin. We have shown in the present study that endothelial nuclei accumulate more intravenously administered doxorubicin than other cardiac cell types. Doxorubicin enhanced cardiac production of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) ligands and nuclear translocation of phospho-Smad3 in both cultured and in vivo cardiac endothelial cells. To examine the role of the TGF-β/mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (Smad3) pathway in cardiac damage by doxorubicin, we used both Smad3 shRNA stable endothelial cell lines and Smad3-knockout mice. We demonstrated using endothelial transcriptome analysis that upregulation of the TGF-β and inflammatory cytokine/cytokine receptor pathways, as well as suppression of cell cycle and angiogenesis by doxorubicin, were alleviated in Smad3-deficient endothelial cells. The results of transcriptomic analysis were validated using qPCR, immunoblotting, and ex vivo aortic ring sprouting assays. Similarly, increased cardiac expression of cytokines and chemokines observed in treated wild-type mice was diminished in treated Smad3-knockout animals. We also detected increased end-diastolic diameter and depressed systolic function in doxorubicin-treated wild-type but not Smad3-knockout mice. This work provides evidence for the critical role of the canonical TGF-β/Smad3 pathway in cardiac damage by doxorubicin.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Microvascular endothelial cells in the heart accumulate more intravenously administered doxorubicin than nonendothelial cardiac cell types. The treatment enhanced the TGF-β/Smad3 pathway and elicited endothelial cell senescence and inflammatory responses followed by adverse cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in wild-type but not Smad3-deficient animals. Our study suggests that the TGF-β/Smad3 pathway contributes to the development of doxorubicin cardiomyopathy and the potential value of novel approaches to ameliorate cardiotoxicity by targeting the Smad3 transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa S. Cobb
- 1Department of Basic Sciences, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Shixin Tao
- 1Department of Basic Sciences, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Katherine Shortt
- 2Ambry Genetics, Department of Advanced Analytics, Aliso Viejo, California
| | - Magdy Girgis
- 3Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Jeryl Hauptman
- 3Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Jill Schriewer
- 1Department of Basic Sciences, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Zaphrirah Chin
- 1Department of Basic Sciences, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Edward Dorfman
- 1Department of Basic Sciences, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Kyle Campbell
- 1Department of Basic Sciences, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Daniel P. Heruth
- 4The Children’s Mercy Research Institute, Kansas City, Missouri,5Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri—Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Ralph V. Shohet
- 6Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine,
University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Buddhadeb Dawn
- 3Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Eugene A. Konorev
- 1Department of Basic Sciences, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri
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2
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Zhang DD, Wu YF, Chen WX, Xu Y, Liu SY, Luo HH, Jiang GM, Wu Y, Hu P. C-type natriuretic peptide attenuates renal osteodystrophy through inhibition of FGF-23/MAPK signaling. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-18. [PMID: 31263178 PMCID: PMC6802631 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0265-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal osteodystrophy (ROD) occurs as early as chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 2 and seems ubiquitous in almost all pediatric patients with CKD stage 5. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23, a bone-derived endocrine regulator of phosphate homeostasis, is overexpressed in CKD and disturbs osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization. In contrast, C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) acts as a potent positive regulator of bone growth. In the present study, we infused CNP into uremic rats and observed whether CNP could attenuate ROD through the inhibition of FGF-23 cascades. In uremic rats, CNP administration significantly alleviated renal dysfunction, calcium phosphate metabolic disorders, hypovitaminosis D, secondary hyperparathyroidism, the decrease in bone turnover markers and retarded bone pathological progression. More importantly, within FGF-23/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, the fibroblast growth factor receptor-1, Klotho and alternative (STAT-1/phospho-STAT-1) elements were upregulated by CNP, whereas FGF-23, RAF-1/phospho-RAF-1, and downstream (ERK/phospho-ERK and P38/phospho-P38) elements were paradoxically underexpressed in bone tissue. Therefore, CNP exerts a therapeutic effect on ROD through inhibition of FGF-23/MAPK signaling at the RAF-1 level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Dong Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Ji-Xi Road, 230022, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Fang Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Ji-Xi Road, 230022, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Xia Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Ji-Xi Road, 230022, Hefei, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Ji-Xi Road, 230022, Hefei, China
| | - Si Yan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Ji-Xi Road, 230022, Hefei, China
| | - Huang Huang Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Ji-Xi Road, 230022, Hefei, China
| | - Guang Mei Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Ji-Xi Road, 230022, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Ji-Xi Road, 230022, Hefei, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Ji-Xi Road, 230022, Hefei, China.
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3
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Abstract
The number of individuals affected by acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is constantly rising. In light of the limited availability of treatment options and their relative inefficacy, cell based therapeutic modalities have been studied. However, not many efforts are put into safety evaluation of such applications. The aim of this study was to review the existing published literature on adverse events reported in studies with genetically modified cells for treatment of kidney disease. A systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed and EMBASE for relevant articles published until June 2018. The search results were screened and relevant articles selected using pre-defined criteria, by two researchers independently. After initial screening of 6894 abstracts, a total number of 97 preclinical studies was finally included for full assessment. Of these, 61 (63%) presented an inappropriate study design for the evaluation of safety parameters. Only 4 studies (4%) had the optimal study design, while 32 (33%) showed sub-optimal study design with either direct or indirect evidence of adverse events. The high heterogeneity of studies included regarding cell type and number, genetic modification, administration route, and kidney disease model applied, combined with the consistent lack of appropriate control groups, makes a reliable safety evaluation of kidney cell-based therapies impossible. Only a limited number of relevant studies included looked into essential safety-related outcomes, such as inflammatory (48%), tumorigenic and teratogenic potential (12%), cell biodistribution (82%), microbiological safety with respect to microorganism contamination and latent viruses' reactivation (1%), as well as overall well-being and animal survival (19%). In conclusion, for benign cell-based therapies, well-designed pre-clinical studies, including all control groups required and good manufacturing processes securing safety, need to be done early in development. Preferably, this should be performed side by side with efficacy evaluation and according to the official guidelines of leading health organizations.
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4
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Ohnishi H, Mizuno S, Mizuno-Horikawa Y, Kato T. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF1)-dependent recruitment of bone marrow-derived renal endothelium-like cells in a mouse model of acute kidney injury. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:313-9. [PMID: 25833353 PMCID: PMC4383777 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI) is the most key pathological event for accelerating
progression to chronic kidney disease through vascular endothelial injury or dysfunction.
Thus, it is critical to elucidate the molecular mechanism of endothelial protection and
regeneration. Emerging evidence indicates that bone marrow-derived cells (BMCs) contribute
to tissue reconstitution in several types of organs post-injury, but little is known
whether and how BMCs contribute to renal endothelial reconstitution, especially in an
early-stage of AKI. Using a mouse model of ischemic AKI, we provide evidence that
incorporation of BMCs in vascular components (such as endothelial and smooth muscle cells)
becomes evident within four days after renal ischemia and reperfusion, associated with an
increase in stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF1) in endothelium and that in
CXCR4/SDF1-receptor in BMCs. Notably, anti-CXCR4 antibody decreased the numbers of
infiltrated BMCs and BMC-derived endothelium-like cells, but not of BMC-derived smooth
muscle cell-like cells. These results suggest that reconstitution of renal endothelium
post-ischemia partially depends on a paracrine loop of SDF1-CXCR4 between resident
endothelium and BMCs. Such a chemokine ligand-receptor system may be attributable for
selecting a cellular lineage (s), required for renal vascular protection, repair and
homeostasis, even in an earlier phase of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Ohnishi
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2–2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565–0871; 2. Kinjo Gakuin University College of Pharmacy, 2-1723 Oomori, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya 463-8521, Japan
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5
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Sun Z, Schriewer J, Tang M, Marlin J, Taylor F, Shohet RV, Konorev EA. The TGF-β pathway mediates doxorubicin effects on cardiac endothelial cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 90:129-38. [PMID: 26686989 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Elevated ALK4/5 ligands including TGF-β and activins have been linked to cardiovascular remodeling and heart failure. Doxorubicin (Dox) is commonly used as a model of cardiomyopathy, a condition that often precedes cardiovascular remodeling and heart failure. In 7-8-week-old C57Bl/6 male mice treated with Dox we found decreased capillary density, increased levels of ALK4/5 ligand and Smad2/3 transcripts, and increased expression of Smad2/3 transcriptional targets. Human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMVEC) treated with Dox also showed increased levels of ALK4/5 ligands, Smad2/3 transcriptional targets, a decrease in proliferation and suppression of vascular network formation in a HCMVEC and human cardiac fibroblasts co-culture assay. Our hypothesis is that the deleterious effects of Dox on endothelial cells are mediated in part by the activation of the TGF-β pathway. We used the inhibitor of ALK4/5 kinases SB431542 (SB) in concert with Dox to ascertain the role of TGF-β pathway activation in doxorubicin induced endothelial cell defects. SB prevented the suppression of HCMVEC proliferation in the presence of TGF-β2 and activin A, and alleviated the inhibition of HCMVEC proliferation by Dox. SB also prevented the suppression of vascular network formation in co-cultures of HCMVEC and human cardiac fibroblasts treated with Dox. Our results show that the inhibition of the TGF-β pathway alleviates the detrimental effects of Dox on endothelial cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuyue Sun
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii-Hilo, USA
| | | | - Mingxin Tang
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii-Manoa, USA
| | - Jerry Marlin
- Division of Basic Sciences, Kansas City University, USA
| | | | - Ralph V Shohet
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii-Manoa, USA
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6
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Basile DP, Yoder MC. Renal endothelial dysfunction in acute kidney ischemia reperfusion injury. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2015; 14:3-14. [PMID: 25088124 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x1401140724093505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury is associated with alterations in vascular tone that contribute to an overall reduction in GFR. Studies in animal models indicate that ischemia triggers alterations in endothelial function that contribute significantly to the overall degree and severity of a kidney injury. Putative mediators of vasoconstriction that may contribute to the initial loss of renal blood flow and GFR are highlighted. In addition, there is discussion of how intrinsic damage to the endothelium impairs homeostatic responses in vascular tone as well as promotes leukocyte adhesion and exacerbating the reduction in renal blood flow. The timing of potential therapies in animal models as they relate to the evolution of AKI, as well as the limitations of such approaches in the clinical setting are discussed. Finally, we discuss how acute kidney injury induces permanent alterations in renal vascular structure. We posit that the cause of the sustained impairment in kidney capillary density results from impaired endothelial growth responses and suggest that this limitation is a primary contributing feature underlying progression of chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mervin C Yoder
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Med Sci 334, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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7
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Sun YBY, Qu X, Li X, Nikolic-Paterson DJ, Li J. Endothelial dysfunction exacerbates renal interstitial fibrosis through enhancing fibroblast Smad3 linker phosphorylation in the mouse obstructed kidney. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84063. [PMID: 24391884 PMCID: PMC3877161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction and enhanced transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad3 signalling are common features of progressive renal fibrosis. This study investigated a potential link between these mechanisms. In unilateral ureteric obstruction (UUO) we observed an acute (6 hr) down-regulation of nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3/eNOS) levels and increased phosphorylation of the linker region of Smad3 at T179 and S208 in Smad3/JNK complexes. These events preceded Smad3 C-terminal domain phosphorylation and the induction of myofibroblast proliferation at 48 hrs. Mice deficient in NOS3 showed enhanced myofibroblast proliferation and collagen accumulation compared to wild type mice in a 7 day UUO model. This was associated with enhanced phosphorylation of Smad3 T179 and S208 by 92% and 88%, respectively, whereas Smad3-C-terminal phosphorylation was not affected. Resolvin D1 (RvD1) can suppress renal fibrosis in the UUO model, and further analysis herein showed that RvD1 protected against endothelial dysfunction and suppressed Smad3/JNK complex formation with a consequent reduction in phosphorylation of Smad3 T179 and S208 by 78% and 65%, respectively, while Smad3 C-terminal phosphorylation was unaltered. In vitro, conditioned media from mouse microvascular endothelial cells (MMEC) treated with a general inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (L-NAME) augmented the proliferation and collagen production of renal fibroblasts (NRK49F cells) compared to control MMEC media and this was associated with increased phosphorylation of JNK and Smad3 T179 and S208, whereas Smad3-C-terminal domain phosphorylation was unaffected. The addition of RvD1 to L-NAME treated MMEC abrogated these effects of the conditioned media on renal fibroblasts. Finally, Smad3 T179/V and S208/A mutations significantly inhibit TGF-β1 induced up-regulation collagen I promoter. In conclusion, these data suggest that endothelial dysfunction can exacerbate renal interstitial fibrosis through increased fibroblast proliferation and collagen production via enhanced Smad3 linker phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bo Yang Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xinli Qu
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xueling Li
- The Key Laboratory of National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - David J. Nikolic-Paterson
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Health and Monash University Department of Medicine, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jinhua Li
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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8
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Gao K, Chi Y, Sun W, Takeda M, Yao J. 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase attenuates adriamycin-induced oxidative podocyte injury through thioredoxin-mediated suppression of the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1-P38 signaling pathway. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 85:460-71. [PMID: 24378334 DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.089458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress-induced podocyte injury is one of the major mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of glomerulosclerosis. 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a serine/threonine kinase that senses intracellular energy status and maintains energy homeostasis, is reported to have antioxidative effects. However, little is known about its application and mechanism. In this study, we investigated whether and how AMPK affected oxidative podocyte injury induced by Adriamycin (ADR; Wako Pure Chemical, Osaka, Japan). Exposure of podocytes to ADR resulted in cell injury, which was preceded by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and P38 activation. Prevention of oxidative stress with the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine and glutathione or inhibition of P38 with SB203580 [4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-methylsulfinylphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)1H-imidazole] attenuated cell injury. Activation of AMPK with three structurally different AMPK activators also protected podocytes from ADR-elicited cell injury. This effect was associated with strong suppression of oxidative stress-sensitive kinase apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) and P38 without obvious influence on ROS level. Further analyses revealed that AMPK promoted thioredoxin (Trx) binding to ASK1. Consistently, AMPK potently suppressed the expression of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), a negative regulator of Trx, whereas it significantly enhanced the activity of Trx reductases that convert oxidized Trx to reduced form. In further support of a key role of Trx, downregulation or inhibition of Trx exaggerated but downregulation of TXNIP attenuated the cell injury. These results indicate that AMPK prevents oxidative cell injury through Trx-mediated suppression of ASK1-P38 signaling pathway. Our findings thus provide novel mechanistic insights into the antioxidative actions of AMPK. AMPK could be developed as a novel therapeutic target for treatment of oxidative cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Gao
- Departments of Molecular Signaling (K.G., Y.C., J.Y.) and Urology (M.T.), Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan; and Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China (K.G., W.S.)
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9
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Basile DP, Yoder MC. Circulating and tissue resident endothelial progenitor cells. J Cell Physiol 2013; 229:10-6. [PMID: 23794280 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Progenitor cells for the endothelial lineage have been widely investigated for more than a decade, but continue to be controversial since no unique identifying marker has yet been identified. This review will begin with a discussion of the basic tenets originally proposed for proof that a cell displays properties of an endothelial progenitor cell. We then provide an overview of the methods for putative endothelial progenitor cell derivation, expansion, and enumeration. This discussion includes consideration of cells that are present in the circulation as well as cells resident in the vascular endothelial intima. Finally, we provide some suggested changes in nomenclature that would greatly clarify and demystify the cellular elements involved in vascular repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Basile
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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10
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Rana T, Chakrabarti A, Freeman M, Biswas S. Doxorubicin-mediated bone loss in breast cancer bone metastases is driven by an interplay between oxidative stress and induction of TGFβ. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78043. [PMID: 24205081 PMCID: PMC3813496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer patients, who are already at increased risk of developing bone metastases and osteolytic bone damage, are often treated with doxorubicin. Unfortunately, doxorubicin has been reported to induce damage to bone. Moreover, we have previously reported that doxorubicin treatment increases circulating levels of TGFβ in murine pre-clinical models. TGFβ has been implicated in promoting osteolytic bone damage, a consequence of increased osteoclast-mediated resorption and suppression of osteoblast differentiation. Therefore, we hypothesized that in a preclinical breast cancer bone metastasis model, administration of doxorubicin would accelerate bone loss in a TGFβ-mediated manner. Administration of doxorubicin to 4T1 tumor-bearing mice produced an eightfold increase in osteolytic lesion areas compared untreated tumor-bearing mice (P = 0.002) and an almost 50% decrease in trabecular bone volume expressed in BV/TV (P = 0.0005), both of which were rescued by anti-TGFβ antibody (1D11). Doxorubicin, which is a known inducer of oxidative stress, decreased osteoblast survival and differentiation, which was rescued by N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). Furthermore, doxorubicin treatment decreased Cu-ZnSOD (SOD1) expression and enzyme activity in vitro, and treatment with anti-TGFβ antibody was able to rescue both. In conclusion, a combination therapy using doxorubicin and anti-TGFβ antibody might be beneficial for preventing therapy-related bone loss in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapasi Rana
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Anwesa Chakrabarti
- College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Michael Freeman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Swati Biswas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Schirutschke H, Vogelbacher R, Stief A, Parmentier S, Daniel C, Hugo C. Injured kidney endothelium is only marginally repopulated by cells of extrarenal origin. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 305:F1042-52. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00653.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of bone marrow marrow-derived cells after kidney endothelial injury is controversial. In this study, we investigated if and to what extent extrarenal cells incorporate into kidney endothelium after acute as well as during chronic endothelial injury. Fischer F-344 wt (wild type) rat kidney grafts were transplanted into R26- hPAP (human placental alkaline phosphatase) transgenic Fischer F-344 recipient rats to allow identification of extrarenal cells by specific antibody staining. A severe model of renal thrombotic microangiopathy was induced via graft perfusion with antiglomerular endothelial cell (GEN) antibody and resulted in eradication of 85% of the glomerular and 69% of the peritubular endothelium (GEN group). At week 4 after injury, renal endothelial healing as well as recovery of the kidney function was seen. Endothelial chimerism was evaluated by double staining for hPAP and endothelial markers RECA-1 or JG-12. Just 0.25% of the glomerular and 0.1% of the peritubular endothelium was recipient derived. In a second experiment, chronic endothelial injury was induced by combination of kidney transplantation with 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx group). After 14 wk, only 0.86% of the peritubular and 0.05% of the glomerular endothelium was of recipient origin. In summary, despite demonstration of extensive damage and loss as well as excellent regeneration, just a minority of extrarenal cells were incorporated into kidney endothelium in rat models of acute and chronic renal endothelial cell injury. Our results highlight that kidney endothelial regeneration after specific and severe injury is almost exclusively of renal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Schirutschke
- Technische Universitaet Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Dresden, Germany
| | - Regina Vogelbacher
- University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Erlangen, Germany; and
| | - Andrea Stief
- University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Division of Nephropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simon Parmentier
- Technische Universitaet Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Daniel
- University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Division of Nephropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Hugo
- Technische Universitaet Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Dresden, Germany
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12
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Xu Q, Tan Y, Zhang K, Li Y. Crosstalk between p38 and Smad3 through TGF-β1 in JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cells. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:1187-93. [PMID: 23877620 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Choriocarcinoma is a highly malignant trophoblastic tumor related to pregnancy that often occurs with a complete hydatidiform mole. It grows quickly and can also widely metastasize to other organs or tissues through both the venous and lymphatic systems. The transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) belongs to a growth factor superfamily and has been suggested to play a critical role in regulating the genesis and development of choriocarcinoma through a variety of Smad-independent pathways, including the p38 MAPK pathway. Previous studies indicated that TGF-β can activate the p38 MAPK pathway. In this study, we investigated Smad and p38 MAPK signaling in JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cells using p38 MAPK inhibitor and TGF-β receptor inhibitor. Immunofluorescence and western blot assays were used to detect the proteins in Smad and p38 MAPK pathways. Our data demonstrated that TGF-β can activate Smad3 and induce Smad3 translocation into the nucleus in JEG-3 cells. Blockade of the TGF-β pathway significantly reduced the expression levels of p38 and phospho-p38. p38 MAPK inhibitors (SB 203580) can attenuate TGF-β1-induced Smad3 expression and suppress the activation of smad3. These findings indicate crosstalk between p38 and smad3 through TGF-β1 in choriocarcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
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13
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ZHENG RENPING, BAI TAO, ZHOU XIAOGUANG, XU CHANGGEN, WANG WEI, XU MINGWEI, ZHANG JIE. Lefty A protein inhibits TGF-β1-mediated apoptosis in human renal tubular epithelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:621-5. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Phua YL, Martel N, Pennisi DJ, Little MH, Wilkinson L. Distinct sites of renal fibrosis inCrim1mutant mice arise from multiple cellular origins. J Pathol 2013; 229:685-96. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Leng Phua
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience; University of Queensland; Australia
| | - Nick Martel
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience; University of Queensland; Australia
| | - David J Pennisi
- School of Biomedical Sciences; University of Queensland; Australia
| | - Melissa H Little
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience; University of Queensland; Australia
| | - Lorine Wilkinson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience; University of Queensland; Australia
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15
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Verghese E, Johnson C, Bertram JF, Ricardo SD, Deane JA. The fate of bone marrow-derived cells carrying a Polycystic Kidney Disease mutation in the genetically normal kidney. BMC Nephrol 2012; 13:91. [PMID: 22931547 PMCID: PMC3502565 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2369-13-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) is a genetic condition in which dedifferentiated and highly proliferative epithelial cells form renal cysts and is frequently treated by renal transplantation. Studies have reported that bone marrow-derived cells give rise to renal epithelial cells, particularly following renal injury as often occurs during transplantation. This raises the possibility that bone marrow-derived cells from a PKD-afflicted recipient could populate a transplanted kidney and express a disease phenotype. However, for reasons that are not clear the reoccurrence of PKD has not been reported in a genetically normal renal graft. We used a mouse model to examine whether PKD mutant bone marrow-derived cells are capable of expressing a disease phenotype in the kidney. METHODS Wild type female mice were transplanted with bone marrow from male mice homozygous for a PKD-causing mutation and subjected to renal injury. Y chromosome positive, bone marrow-derived cells in the kidney were assessed for epithelial markers. RESULTS Mutant bone marrow-derived cells were present in the kidney. Some mutant cells were within the bounds of the tubule or duct, but none demonstrated convincing evidence of an epithelial phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Bone marrow-derived cells appear incapable of giving rise to genuine epithelial cells and this is the most likely reason cysts do not reoccur in kidneys transplanted into PKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Verghese
- Biomedical and Health Sciences, Victoria University, St Albans, Australia
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16
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17
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Monge M, Massy ZA, Zonneveld AJV, Rabelink TJ. Cellules progénitrices endothéliales, de quoi parle-t-on ? Nephrol Ther 2011; 7:521-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2011.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 01/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury of the kidney is a complex pathophysiological process and a major cause of acute renal failure. It has been shown that I/R injury is related to inflammatory responses and activation of apoptotic pathways. Inhibition of certain elements of inflammatory responses and apoptotic pathway seemed to ameliorate renal I/R injury. As an effective element of Panax notoginseng, NR1 has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and immune-stimulatory activities. Therefore, we speculate that NR1 can attenuate renal I/R injury. Ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced by renal pedicle ligation followed by reperfusion along with a contralateral nephrectomy. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to four groups: sham group, I/R control group, NR1-1 group (rats treated with NR1, 20 mg.kg.d) and NR1-2 group (rats treated with NR1, 40 mg.kg.d). All animals were killed 72 h after I/R induction. Blood and renal tissues were collected. Renal dysfunction was observed by the level of serum creatinine and histological evaluation. Apoptosis and inflammatory response in the tissue of kidney were detected mainly with molecular biological methods. NR1 attenuated I/R-induced renal dysfunction as indicated by the level of serum creatinine and histological evaluation. It prevented the I/R-induced increases in the levels of proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha, myeloperoxidase activity, phosphorylation of p38, and activation of nuclear factor kappaB with cell apoptosis in the kidney and enhanced expression of antiapoptosis cytokine bcl-2. Treatment with NR1 improves renal function after I/R associated with a significant reduction in cell apoptosis and inflammatory responses, which may be related to p38 and nuclear factor kappaB inhibition.
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19
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Endothelial activation and circulating markers of endothelial activation in kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2010; 6:404-14. [PMID: 20498676 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2010.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The recognition of a central role for the endothelium in the development of kidney disease or the development of vascular lesions in patients with established renal dysfunction has led to the emergence of methods to test different aspects of endothelium function, including in endothelium injury and repair. Endothelial-cell activation is associated with the shedding of components of the glycocalyx, adhesion molecules and endothelial microparticles into the circulation. This process may eventually result in the detachment of endothelial cells and recruitment of circulating myeloid and progenitor cells that are involved in vascular remodeling and repair. Circulating markers of endothelium activation may therefore represent novel markers of vessel wall injury. This Review describes the biology of these circulating markers of vessel wall injury, the methodologies used to measure them, and their possible relevance to patients with kidney disease.
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20
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Zhuang J, Deane JA, Yang RB, Li J, Ricardo SD. SCUBE1, a novel developmental gene involved in renal regeneration and repair. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 25:1421-8. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfp637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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21
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Abstract
Monocyte-derived macrophages can determine the outcome of the immune response and whether this response contributes to tissue repair or mediates tissue destruction. In addition to their important role in immune-mediated renal disease and host defense, macrophages play a fundamental role in tissue remodeling during embryonic development, acquired kidney disease, and renal allograft responses. This review summarizes macrophage phenotype and function in the orchestration of kidney repair and replacement of specialized renal cells following injury. Recent advances in our understanding of macrophage heterogeneity in response to their microenvironment raise new and exciting therapeutic possibilities to attenuate or conceivably reverse progressive renal disease in the context of fibrosis. Furthermore, parallels with pathological processes in many other organs also exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon D Ricardo
- Monash Immunology and Stem Cell Laboratories, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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22
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Ferraccioli G, Romano G. Renal interstitial cells, proteinuria and progression of lupus nephritis: new frontiers for old factors. Lupus 2008; 17:533-40. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203307088002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial cells, inflammatory-immune cells, tubular cells and endothelial cells of the peritubular capillaries have arisen as possible major players of the nephron damage in lupus nephritis. Increased ICAM-1, Von Willebrand factor, soluble endothelial protein C receptors and decreased ADAMS-13 point to a diffuse vascular damage. Albuminuria elicits a rapid generation of hydrogen peroxide in proximal tubular cells along with nuclear factor-kB activation, endothelin-1 and transforming growth factor (TGF-β1) upregulation. TGF-β1 enhances epithelial-to-mesenchymal transdifferentiation. Albuminuria also enhances the expression of macrophage chemotactic protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, thus leading to increased interstitial inflammation. TGF-β1 and thrombospondin-1, a putative activator of TGF-β, induce apoptosis of peritubular capillaries, as well as of glomerular endothelial cells. All these events can be counteracted by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which is expressed by the epithelial tubular cells and stimulates the growth of epithelial cells (mitogen), enhances the motility of epithelial cells (motogen), induces renal epithelial tubule regeneration (morphogen) and enhances angiogenesis (angiogen). The balance between TGF-β1 and HGF could be a key to define the prognostic value of kidney histopathology at baseline and during follow-up, in lupus nephritis. Therapeutic strategies aiming at altering the biological balance in the patients are at hand to test and prove the experimental evidences.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ferraccioli
- Division of Rheumatology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - G Romano
- Nephrology Unit, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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23
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Lu Q. Transforming growth factor-beta1 protects against pulmonary artery endothelial cell apoptosis via ALK5. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2008; 295:L123-33. [PMID: 18456797 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00402.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 has been reported to cause endothelial cell apoptosis. However, conflicting data have also demonstrated that TGF-beta1 promotes endothelial cell survival. In this study, the effect of TGF-beta1 on apoptosis of cultured bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC) induced by multiple stimuli was investigated. TGF-beta1 protected against apoptosis of bovine PAEC induced by serum deprivation or the VEGF receptor inhibitor SU-5416, but not by UV light exposure or TNFalpha. Neither caspase-8 nor caspase-12 was activated by serum deprivation or the VEGF receptor blocker. However, blockade of VEGF receptors activated caspase-9, an effect that was abolished by TGF-beta1. Furthermore, serum deprivation and inhibition of VEGF receptors significantly decreased the protein level of Bcl-2, an effect that was also abrogated by TGF-beta1. In addition, the baseline level of Bcl-2 was enhanced by TGF-beta1 and reduced by inhibition of activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5), a TGF-beta1 type I receptor. Furthermore, inhibition of ALK5 caused apoptosis of bovine PAEC. These results suggest that TGF-beta1 signaling is critical for maintenance of bovine PAEC survival. Finally, the protective effects of TGF-beta1 on bovine PAEC apoptosis and Bcl-2 reduction were abolished by ALK5 inhibition, but not by inhibition of non-SMAD signaling pathways. Also, TGF-beta1 activated SMAD2 and SMAD1/5, an effect that was abolished by ALK5 inhibition. The results of this study suggest that TGF-beta1 protects against bovine PAEC apoptosis, possibly through ALK5-mediated Bcl-2 induction and subsequent inhibition of the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Understanding the mechanism by which TGF-beta1 promotes endothelial cell survival may provide a better treatment for apoptosis-dependent vascular diseases, such as emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lu
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island 02908, USA.
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24
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Guo J, Ananthakrishnan R, Qu W, Lu Y, Reiniger N, Zeng S, Ma W, Rosario R, Yan SF, Ramasamy R, D'Agati V, Schmidt AM. RAGE mediates podocyte injury in adriamycin-induced glomerulosclerosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 19:961-72. [PMID: 18256352 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2007101109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the kidney, the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is principally expressed in the podocyte at low levels, but is upregulated in both human and mouse glomerular diseases. Because podocyte injury is central to proteinuric states, such as the nephrotic syndrome, the murine adriamycin nephrosis model was used to explore the role of RAGE in podocyte damage. In this model, administration of the anthracycline antibiotic adriamycin provokes severe podocyte stress and glomerulosclerosis. In contrast to wild-type animals, adriamycin-treated RAGE-null mice were significantly protected from effacement of the podocyte foot processes, albuminuria, and glomerulosclerosis. Administration of adriamycin induced rapid generation of RAGE ligands, and treatment with soluble RAGE protected against podocyte injury and glomerulosclerosis. In vitro, incubation of RAGE-expressing murine podocytes with adriamycin stimulated AGE formation, and treatment with RAGE ligands rapidly activated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-oxidase, via p44/p42 MAP kinase signaling, and upregulated pro-fibrotic growth factors. These data suggest that RAGE may contribute to the pathogenesis of podocyte injury in sclerosing glomerulopathies such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Guo
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10025, USA
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25
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Petrai I, Rombouts K, Lasagni L, Annunziato F, Cosmi L, Romanelli RG, Sagrinati C, Mazzinghi B, Pinzani M, Romagnani S, Romagnani P, Marra F. Activation of p38(MAPK) mediates the angiostatic effect of the chemokine receptor CXCR3-B. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2008; 40:1764-74. [PMID: 18291705 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2008.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2007] [Revised: 01/03/2008] [Accepted: 01/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines binding the CXCR3 receptor have been shown to inhibit angiogenesis via the CXCR3-B isoform, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. Aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of CXCR3-B on activation of members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family, and to explore the relevance of defined signaling pathways to the angiostatic effects of CXCR3-B ligands. Human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells were transfected with expression vectors encoding for CXCR3-A or CXCR3-B. In cells expressing CXCR3-A, CXCL10 (IP-10) at nanomolar concentrations induced activation of ERK, Akt, and Src, as previously described in human vascular pericytes. In HEK-293 cells expressing CXCR3-B, exposure to CXCL10 in the micromolar concentration range led to activation of the p38(MAPK) pathway, as indicated by phosphorylation of p38(MAPK) itself, and of MKK3/6 and MAPKAPK-2, that lie upstream and downstream of p38(MAPK), respectively. Similar results were obtained in cells stimulated with CXCL4 (PF4), a specific ligand of CXCR3-B. In contrast, CXCL4 was unable to activate p38(MAPK) in mock-transfected HEK-293 cells. Only a modest induction of ERK or JNK was observed upon CXCR3-B activation. In human microvascular endothelial cells, which selectively express CXCR3-B, in a cell cycle-dependent fashion, CXCL10 and CXCL4 increased the enzymatic activity of p38(MAPK). Pharmacologic inhibition of p38(MAPK) by SB302580 resulted in a significant increase in DNA synthesis and in reversal of the inhibitory action of CXCL10. In conclusion, the p38(MAPK) pathway is a downstream effector of CXCR3-B implicated in the angiostatic action of this chemokine receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Petrai
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 85, I-50134 Florence, Italy
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26
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Rabelink TJ, Wijewickrama DC, de Koning EJ. Peritubular endothelium: The Achilles heel of the kidney? Kidney Int 2007; 72:926-30. [PMID: 17609688 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5002414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The development of renal ischemia has been postulated to be a main cause of the progressive nature of kidney diseases. In recent years, it has become clear that inappropriate and sustained activation of the endothelium could mediate this phenomenon. Endothelial activation will result in leucostasis and can compromise peritubular flow. The associated sustained redox signaling will also accelerate the development of endothelial senescence. In addition, risk factors for renal disease progression can reduce endothelial repair. In the course of these events, loss of capillary structure and rarefaction develops, which drives the further development of nephron loss. In this mini review, the evidence for this pathophysiological concept as well as the possibility to detect such endothelial activation in the clinical arena is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Rabelink
- Department of Nephrology, Einthoven Centre of Experimental Vascular Medicine and Diabetes, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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27
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Dekel B, Metsuyanim S, Garcia AM, Quintero C, Sanchez MJ, Izraeli S. Organ-injury-induced reactivation of hemangioblastic precursor cells. Leukemia 2007; 22:103-13. [PMID: 17898790 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Early in mammalian development, the stem cell leukemia (SCL/TAL1) gene and its distinct 3' enhancer (SCL 3'En) specify bipotential progenitor cells that give rise to blood and endothelium, thus termed hemangioblasts. We have previously detected a minor population of SCL (+) cells in the postnatal kidney. Here, we demonstrate that cells expressing the SCL 3'En in the adult kidney are comprised of CD45+CD31- hematopoietic cells, CD45-CD31+ endothelial cells and CD45-CD31- interstitial cells. Creation of bone marrow chimeras of SCL 3'En transgenic mice into wild-type hosts shows that all three types of SCL 3'En-expressing cells in the adult kidney can originate from the bone marrow. Ischemia/reperfusion injury to the adult kidney of SCL 3'En transgenic mice results in the intrarenal elevation of SCL and FLK1 mRNA levels and of cells expressing hem-endothelial progenitor markers (CD45, CD34, c-Kit and FLK1). Furthermore, analysis of SCL 3'En in the ischemic kidneys reveals an increase in the abundance of SCL 3'En-expressing cells, predominantly within the CD45 (+) hematopoietic fraction and to a lesser extent in the CD45 (-) fraction. Our results suggest organ-injury-induced reactivation of bone marrow-derived hemangioblasts and possible local angioblastic progenitors expressing SCL and SCL 3'En.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dekel
- Department of Pediatrics and Laboratory of Regenerative Nephrology, Edmond and Lili Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
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28
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Li J, Deane JA, Campanale NV, Bertram JF, Ricardo SD. The Contribution of Bone Marrow-Derived Cells to the Development of Renal Interstitial Fibrosis. Stem Cells 2006; 25:697-706. [PMID: 17170067 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2006-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that bone marrow (BM)-derived cells may integrate into the kidney, giving rise to functional renal cell types, including endothelial and epithelial cells and myofibroblasts. BM-derived cells can contribute to repair of the renal peritubular capillary (PTC) network following acute ischemic injury. However, the cell fate and regulation of BM-derived cells during the progression of chronic renal disease remains unclear. Using chimeric mice transplanted with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-expressing BM, we demonstrate that the number of BM-derived myofibroblasts coincided with the development of fibrosis in a mouse adriamycin (ADR)-induced nephrosis model of chronic, progressive renal fibrosis. Four weeks after ADR injection, increased numbers of BM-derived myofibroblasts were observed in the interstitium of ADR-injected mice. Six weeks after ADR injection, more than 30% of renal alpha-smooth muscle actin (+) (alpha-SMA+) interstitial myofibroblasts were derived from the BM. In addition, BM-derived cells were observed to express the endothelial cell marker CD31 and the myofibroblast marker alpha-SMA. Blockade of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1/Smad2 signaling was found to protect BM-derived PTC endothelial cells and inhibit the number of BM-derived von Willebrand factor (vWF)(+)/EGFP(+)/alpha-SMA(+) cells, EGFP(+)/alpha-SMA(+) cells, and total alpha-SMA(+) cells in ADR-injected mice. Inhibition of the p38 MAPK and TGF-beta1/Smad signaling pathways enhanced PTC repair by decreasing endothelial-myofibroblast transformation, leading to structural and functional renal recovery and the attenuation of renal interstitial fibrosis. Investigation of the signaling pathways that regulate the differentiation and survival of BM-derived cells in a progressive disease setting is vital for the successful development of cell-based therapies for renal repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Li
- Monash Immunology and Stem Cell Laboratories (MISCL), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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