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Fries JWU. MicroRNAs as markers to monitor endothelin-1 signalling and potential treatment in renal disease: Carcinoma - proteinuric damage - toxicity. Biol Cell 2019; 111:169-186. [PMID: 30866090 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201800059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights new developments in miRNA as diagnostic and surveillance tools in diseases damaging the renal proximal tubule mediated by endothelin in the field of renal carcinoma, proteinuric kidney disease and tubulotoxicity. A new mechanism in the miRNA regulation of proteins leads to the binding of the miRNA directly to the DNA with premature transcriptional termination and hence the formation of truncated protein isoforms (Mxi2, Vim3). These isoforms are mediated through miRNA15a or miRNA 498, respectively. ET-1 can activate a cytoplasmic complex consisting of NF-κB p65, MAPK p38α, and PKCα. Consequently, PKCα does not transmigrate into the nucleus, which leads to the loss of suppression of a primiRNA15a, maturation of this miRNA in the cytoplasm, tubular secretion and detectability in the urine. This mechanism has been shown in renal cell carcinoma and in proteinuric disease as a biomarker for the activation of the signalling pathway. Similarly, ET-1 induced miRNA 498 transmigrates into the nucleus to form the truncated protein Vim3, which is a biomarker for the benign renal cell tumour, oncocytoma. In tubulotoxicity, ET-1 induced miRNa133a down-regulating multiple-drug-resistant related protein-2, relevant for proteinuric and cisplatin/cyclosporine A toxicity. Current advantages and limitations of miRNAs as urinary biomarkers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen W U Fries
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Koeln, 50931, Koeln, Germany
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Dhaun N, Yuzugulen J, Kimmitt RA, Wood EG, Chariyavilaskul P, MacIntyre IM, Goddard J, Webb DJ, Corder R. Plasma pro-endothelin-1 peptide concentrations rise in chronic kidney disease and following selective endothelin A receptor antagonism. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4:e001624. [PMID: 25801761 PMCID: PMC4392442 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.001624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Endothelin 1 (ET‐1) contributes to chronic kidney disease (CKD) development and progression, and endothelin receptor antagonists are being investigated as a novel therapy for CKD. The proET‐1 peptides, endothelin‐like domain peptide (ELDP) and C‐terminal pro‐ET‐1 (CT‐proET‐1), are both potential biomarkers of CKD and response to therapy with endothelin antagonists. Methods and Results We assessed plasma and urine ELDP and plasma CT‐proET‐1 in CKD patients with minimal comorbidity. Next, in a randomized double‐blind crossover study of 27 subjects with proteinuric CKD, we examined the effects of 6 weeks of treatment with placebo, sitaxentan (endothelin A antagonist), and nifedipine on these peptides alongside the primary end points of proteinuria, blood pressure, and arterial stiffness. Plasma ELDP and CT‐proET‐1 increased with CKD stage (both P<0.0001), correlating inversely with estimated glomerular filtration rate (both P<0.0001). Following intervention, placebo and nifedipine did not affect plasma and urine ELDP or plasma CT‐proET‐1. Sitaxentan increased both plasma ELDP and CT‐proET‐1 (baseline versus week 6±SEM: ELDP, 11.8±0.5 versus 13.4±0.6 fmol/mL; CT‐proET‐1, 20.5±1.2 versus 23.3±1.5 fmol/mL; both P<0.0001). Plasma ET‐1 was unaffected by any treatment. Following sitaxentan, plasma ELDP and CT‐proET‐1 correlated negatively with 24‐hour urinary sodium excretion. Conclusions ELDP and CT‐proET‐1 increase in CKD and thus are potentially useful biomarkers of renal injury. Increases in response to endothelin A antagonism may reflect EDN1 upregulation, which may partly explain fluid retention with these agents. Clinical Trial Registration URL: www.clinicalTrials.gov Unique identifier: NCT00810732
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Dhaun
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, UK (N.D., R.A.K., P.C., I.M.M.I., D.J.W.) Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, UK (N.D., J.G.)
| | - Jale Yuzugulen
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, UK (J.Y., E.G.W., R.C.)
| | - Robert A Kimmitt
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, UK (N.D., R.A.K., P.C., I.M.M.I., D.J.W.)
| | - Elizabeth G Wood
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, UK (J.Y., E.G.W., R.C.)
| | - Pajaree Chariyavilaskul
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, UK (N.D., R.A.K., P.C., I.M.M.I., D.J.W.)
| | - Iain M MacIntyre
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, UK (N.D., R.A.K., P.C., I.M.M.I., D.J.W.)
| | - Jane Goddard
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, UK (N.D., J.G.)
| | - David J Webb
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, UK (N.D., R.A.K., P.C., I.M.M.I., D.J.W.)
| | - Roger Corder
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, UK (J.Y., E.G.W., R.C.)
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Noone D, Licht C. Chronic kidney disease: a new look at pathogenetic mechanisms and treatment options. Pediatr Nephrol 2014; 29:779-92. [PMID: 23471475 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-013-2436-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The concept of renoprotection has evolved significantly, driven by improved understanding of the pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the advent of novel treatment options. Glomerular hyperfiltration, hypertension and proteinuria represent key mediators of CKD progression. It is increasingly recognized that proteinuria may actually be pathological and etiological in CKD progression and not just symptomatic. It initiates a sequence of events involving activation of proinflammatory and profibrotic signaling pathways in proximal tubular epithelial cells with transmission of the disease to the tubulointerstitium and progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Although the etiology and epidemiology of pediatric CKD differs to that in adults, studies in the various animal models of kidney disease, from obstructive uropathy to glomerulonephritis, have revealed that many common proinflammatory and profibrotic pathways are induced in progressive proteinuric CKD, irrespective of the primary disease. This pathomechanistic overlap therefore translates into the potential for common treatment targets for a wide spectrum of kidney diseases. In this review we therefore discuss the experimental and clinical evidence for an array of prospective future drug treatments of CKD progression. While conceptually promising, clear definitive evidence beyond preclinical data does not exist for many of these treatments, and others are limited by serious adverse effects. More studies are needed before general recommendations can be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Noone
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, M5G 1X8, ON, Canada
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Barton M. Therapeutic potential of endothelin receptor antagonists for chronic proteinuric renal disease in humans. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2010; 1802:1203-13. [PMID: 20359530 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2010.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes and arterial hypertension continue to be the main causes of chronic renal failure in 2010, with a rising prevalence in part due to the worldwide obesity epidemic. Proteinuria is a main feature of chronic renal disease and mediated by defects in the glomerular filtration barrier and is as a good predictor of cardiovascular events. Indeed, chronic renal disease due to glomerulosclerosis is one of the important risk factors for the development of coronary artery disease and stroke. Glomerulosclerosis develops in response to inflammatory activation and increased growth factor production. Preclinical and first preliminary clinical studies provide strong evidence that endogenous endothelin-1 (ET-1), a 21-amino-acid peptide with strong growth-promoting and vasoconstricting properties, plays a central role in the pathogenesis of proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis via activation of its ET(A) subtype receptor involving podocyte injury. These studies have not only shown that endothelin participates in the disease processes of hypertension and glomerulosclerosis but also that features of chronic renal disease such as proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis are reversible processes. Remarkably, the protective effects of endothelin receptors antagonists (ERAs) are present even on top of concomitant treatments with inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system. This review discusses current evidence for a role of endothelin for proteinuric renal disease and podocyte injury in diabetes and arterial hypertension and reviews the current status of endothelin receptor antagonists as a potential new treatment option in renal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Barton
- Molecular Internal Medicine, University of Zurich, LTK Y 44 G 22, Winterthurer Strasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
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