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Krishna S, Jung ST, Lee EY. Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris: microbial cell-factory platform for -full-length IgG production. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38797692 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2342969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Owing to the unmet demand, the pharmaceutical industry is investigating an alternative host to mammalian cells to produce antibodies for a variety of therapeutic and research applications. Regardless of some disadvantages, Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris are the preferred microbial hosts for antibody production. Despite the fact that the production of full-length antibodies has been successfully demonstrated in E. coli, which has mostly been used to produce antibody fragments, such as: antigen-binding fragments (Fab), single-chain fragment variable (scFv), and nanobodies. In contrast, Pichia, a eukaryotic microbial host, is mostly used to produce glycosylated full-length antibodies, though hypermannosylated glycan is a major challenge. Advanced strategies, such as the introduction of human-like glycosylation in endotoxin-edited E. coli and cell-free system-based glycosylation, are making progress in creating human-like glycosylation profiles of antibodies in these microbes. This review begins by explaining the structural and functional requirements of antibodies and continues by describing and analyzing the potential of E. coli and P. pastoris as hosts for providing a favorable environment to create a fully functional antibody. In addition, authors compare these microbes on certain features and predict their future in antibody production. Briefly, this review analyzes, compares, and highlights E. coli and P. pastoris as potential hosts for antibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Krishna
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Taek Jung
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yeol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Nossent JC, Raymond W, Keen H, Preen DB, Inderjeeth CA. Infection Rates Before and After Diagnosis of IgA Vasculitis in Childhood: A Population-wide Study Using Non-exposed Matched Controls. J Rheumatol 2019; 47:424-430. [PMID: 31203216 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.190110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical data suggest that infections can trigger IgA vasculitis (IgAV), but longterm observations are lacking. We compared rates, types, and microorganisms for serious infection before and after diagnosis for children with IgAV and non-exposed controls. METHODS Using population-based administrative linked health datasets we estimated incidence rates (IR) for serious infection per 1000 person-months for patients with IgAV (n = 504, age 5 yrs, 59.1% males) and controls matched for age, sex, and year of presentation (n = 1281, age 6 yrs, 66% males). Time zero (T0) was the date of IgAV diagnosis or equivalent date in controls, lookback (median 38 mos) was the period prior to T0, and followup (median 239 mos) was the period after T0. RESULTS During lookback, prevalence of serious infection was similar in patients with IgAV and controls (11.5% vs 9.5%, respectively), but patients with IgAV had a higher rate of upper respiratory tract infections [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.79; 95% CI 1.39-2.31] with shorter time between first serious infection and T0 (27 vs 43 mos; p = 0.02). During followup, patients were at a constant increased risk for serious infections (IRR 1.46, 95% CI 1.35-1.58). These rates were higher during followup: sepsis (IRR 12.6), pneumonia (IRR 6.19), upper respiratory tract infections (IRR 2.36), and skin infections (IRR 1.85). There was little overlap between patients with serious infections in the lookback and followup periods. CONCLUSION In patients with childhood IgAV there is an increased longterm risk for a broader spectrum of infections, which is unrelated to serious infections prior to diagnosis or treatment. This suggests disease-specific factors may have a lasting effect on immune competence in childhood IgAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes C Nossent
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital; the Rheumatology Group, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia; Department of Rheumatology, Fiona Stanley Hospital; and the School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia. .,J.C. Nossent, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, and the Rheumatology Group, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia; W. Raymond, BSc, Rheumatology Group, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia; H. Keen, MBBS, PhD, Rheumatology Group, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, and the Department of Rheumatology, Fiona Stanley Hospital; D.B. Preen, PhD, School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia; C.A. Inderjeeth, MBBS, MPH, Department of Rheumatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, and the Rheumatology Group, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia.
| | - Warren Raymond
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital; the Rheumatology Group, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia; Department of Rheumatology, Fiona Stanley Hospital; and the School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,J.C. Nossent, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, and the Rheumatology Group, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia; W. Raymond, BSc, Rheumatology Group, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia; H. Keen, MBBS, PhD, Rheumatology Group, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, and the Department of Rheumatology, Fiona Stanley Hospital; D.B. Preen, PhD, School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia; C.A. Inderjeeth, MBBS, MPH, Department of Rheumatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, and the Rheumatology Group, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia
| | - Helen Keen
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital; the Rheumatology Group, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia; Department of Rheumatology, Fiona Stanley Hospital; and the School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,J.C. Nossent, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, and the Rheumatology Group, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia; W. Raymond, BSc, Rheumatology Group, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia; H. Keen, MBBS, PhD, Rheumatology Group, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, and the Department of Rheumatology, Fiona Stanley Hospital; D.B. Preen, PhD, School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia; C.A. Inderjeeth, MBBS, MPH, Department of Rheumatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, and the Rheumatology Group, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia
| | - David B Preen
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital; the Rheumatology Group, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia; Department of Rheumatology, Fiona Stanley Hospital; and the School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,J.C. Nossent, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, and the Rheumatology Group, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia; W. Raymond, BSc, Rheumatology Group, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia; H. Keen, MBBS, PhD, Rheumatology Group, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, and the Department of Rheumatology, Fiona Stanley Hospital; D.B. Preen, PhD, School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia; C.A. Inderjeeth, MBBS, MPH, Department of Rheumatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, and the Rheumatology Group, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia
| | - Charles A Inderjeeth
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital; the Rheumatology Group, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia; Department of Rheumatology, Fiona Stanley Hospital; and the School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,J.C. Nossent, MD, PhD, Department of Rheumatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, and the Rheumatology Group, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia; W. Raymond, BSc, Rheumatology Group, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia; H. Keen, MBBS, PhD, Rheumatology Group, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, and the Department of Rheumatology, Fiona Stanley Hospital; D.B. Preen, PhD, School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia; C.A. Inderjeeth, MBBS, MPH, Department of Rheumatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, and the Rheumatology Group, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia
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Suzuki H, Suzuki Y, Novak J, Tomino Y. Development of Animal Models of Human IgA Nephropathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 11:5-11. [PMID: 25722731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddmod.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common form of primary glomerulonephritis in the world. IgAN is characterized by the mesangial accumulation of immune complexes containing IgA1, usually with co-deposits of complement C3 and variable IgG and/or IgM. Although more than 40 years have passed since IgAN was first described, the mechanisms underlying the disease development are not fully understood. Small-animal experimental models of IgAN can be very helpful in studies of IgAN, but development of these models has been hindered by the fact that only humans and hominoid primates have IgA1 subclass. Thus, multiple models have been developed, that may be helpful in studies of some specific aspects of IgAN. These models include a spontaneous animal model of IgAN, the ddY mouse first reported in 1985. These mice show mild proteinuria without hematuria, and glomerular IgA deposits, with a highly variable incidence and degree of glomerular injury, due to the heterogeneous genetic background. To obtain a murine line consistently developing IgAN, we intercrossed an earlyonset group of ddY mice, in which the development of IgAN includes mesangial IgA deposits and glomerular injury. After selective intercrossing for >20 generations, we established a novel 100% early-onset grouped ddY murine model. All grouped ddY mice develop proteinuria within eight weeks of age. The grouped ddY mouse model can be a useful tool for analysis of multiple aspects of the pathogenesis of IgAN and may aid in assessment of some approaches for the treatment of IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Suzuki
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jan Novak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yasuhiko Tomino
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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