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Kennard AL, Rainsford S, Glasgow NJ, Talaulikar GS. Use of frailty assessment instruments in nephrology populations: a scoping review. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:449. [PMID: 37479978 PMCID: PMC10360289 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04101-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty is a clinical syndrome of accelerated aging associated with adverse outcomes. Frailty is prevalent among patients with chronic kidney disease but is infrequently assessed in clinical settings, due to lack of consensus regarding frailty definitions and diagnostic tools. This study aimed to review the practice of frailty assessment in nephrology populations and evaluate the context and timing of frailty assessment. METHODS The search included published reports of frailty assessment in patients with chronic kidney disease, undergoing dialysis or in receipt of a kidney transplant, published between January 2000 and November 2021. Medline, CINAHL, Embase, PsychINFO, PubMed and Cochrane Library databases were examined. A total of 164 articles were included for review. RESULTS We found that studies were most frequently set within developed nations. Overall, 161 studies were frailty assessments conducted as part of an observational study design, and 3 within an interventional study. Studies favoured assessment of participants with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and transplant candidates. A total of 40 different frailty metrics were used. The most frequently utilised tool was the Fried frailty phenotype. Frailty prevalence varied across populations and research settings from 2.8% among participants with CKD to 82% among patients undergoing haemodialysis. Studies of frailty in conservatively managed populations were infrequent (N = 4). We verified that frailty predicts higher rates of adverse patient outcomes. There is sufficient literature to justify future meta-analyses. CONCLUSIONS There is increasing recognition of frailty in nephrology populations and the value of assessment in informing prognostication and decision-making during transitions in care. The Fried frailty phenotype is the most frequently utilised assessment, reflecting the feasibility of incorporating objective measures of frailty and vulnerability into nephrology clinical assessment. Further research examining frailty in low and middle income countries as well as first nations people is required. Future work should focus on interventional strategies exploring frailty rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice L Kennard
- Department of Renal Medicine, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra Health Services, Building 15, Yamba Drive, Garran, ACT 2605, Australia.
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | | | | | - Girish S Talaulikar
- Department of Renal Medicine, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra Health Services, Building 15, Yamba Drive, Garran, ACT 2605, Australia
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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2
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Chen J, Lu H, Wang X, Yang J, Luo J, Wang L, Yi X, He Y, Chen K. VNN1 contributes to the acute kidney injury-chronic kidney disease transition by promoting cellular senescence via affecting RB1 expression. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22472. [PMID: 35959877 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200496rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression include interstitial inflammation, cellular senescence, and oxidative stress (OS). Although vanin-1 (VNN1) plays an important role in OS, its contribution to the AKI-CKD transition remains unknown. Here, we explored the roles and mechanisms of VNN1 in the progression of the AKI-CKD transition. We observed that VNN1 expression was upregulated after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and high VNN1 expression levels were associated with poor renal repair after I/R injury. In VNN1 knockout (KO) mice, recovery of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels after I/R injury was accelerated and renal fibrosis was inhibited after severe I/R injury. Furthermore, in VNN1 KO mice, senescence of renal tubular cells was inhibited after severe I/R injury, as assessed by P16 expression and SA-β-Gal assays. However, our results also revealed that VNN1 KO renal tubular cells did not resist senescence when OS was blocked. To elucidate the mechanism underlying VNN1-mediated regulation of senescence during the AKI-CKD transition, retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) was identified as a potential target. Our results suggest that the reduced senescence in VNN1 KO renal tubular cells was caused by suppressed RB1 expression and phosphorylation. Collectively, our results unveil a novel molecular mechanism by which VNN1 promotes AKI-CKD transition via inducing senescence of renal tubular cells by activating RB1 expression and phosphorylation after severe renal injury. The present study proposes a new strategy for designing therapies wherein VNN1 can be targeted to obstruct the AKI-CKD transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongxiang Lu
- Department of Traumatic Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Region, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Wound Trauma Medical Centre, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Limin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangling Yi
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yani He
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Wound Trauma Medical Centre, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kehong Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Wound Trauma Medical Centre, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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3
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Functional mechanisms of TRPS1 in disease progression and its potential role in personalized medicine. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 237:154022. [PMID: 35863130 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The gene of transcriptional repressor GATA binding 1 (TRPS1), as an atypical GATA transcription factor, has received considerable attention in a plethora of physiological and pathological processes, and may become a promising biomarker for targeted therapies in diseases and tumors. However, there still lacks a comprehensive exploration of its functions and promising clinical applications. Herein, relevant researches published in English from 2000 to 2022 were retrieved from PubMed, Google Scholar and MEDLINE, concerning the roles of TRPS1 in organ differentiation and tumorigenesis. This systematic review predominantly focused on summarizing the structural characteristics and biological mechanisms of TRPS1, its involvement in tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome (TRPS), its participation in the development of multiple tissues, the recent advances of its vital features in metabolic disorders as well as malignant tumors, in order to prospect its potential applications in disease detection and cancer targeted therapy. From the clinical perspective, the deeply and thoroughly understanding of the complicated context-dependent and cell-lineage-specific mechanisms of TRPS1 would not only gain novel insights into the complex etiology of diseases, but also provide the fundamental basis for the development of therapeutic drugs targeting both TRPS1 and its critical cofactors, which would facilitate individualized treatment.
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4
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Decoy receptor 2 mediates the apoptosis-resistant phenotype of senescent renal tubular cells and accelerates renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:522. [PMID: 35661704 PMCID: PMC9166763 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04972-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Apoptotic resistance leads to persistent accumulation of senescent cells and sustained expression of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype, playing an essential role in the progression of tissue fibrosis. However, whether senescent renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) exhibit an apoptosis-resistant phenotype, and the role of this phenotype in diabetic nephropathy (DN) remain unclear. Our previous study was the first to demonstrate that decoy receptor 2 (DcR2) is associated with apoptotic resistance in senescent RTECs and renal fibrosis. In this study, we aimed to further explore the mechanism of DcR2 in apoptosis-resistant RTECs and renal fibrosis in DN. DcR2 was co-localized with fibrotic markers (α-SMA, collagen IV, fibronectin), senescent marker p16, and antiapoptotic proteins FLIP and Bcl2 but rarely co-localized with caspase 3 or TUNEL. DcR2 overexpression promoted renal fibrosis in mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN, as evidenced by augmented Masson staining and upregulated expression of fibrotic markers. DcR2 overexpression also enhanced FLIP expression while reducing the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins (caspases 8 and 3) in senescent RTECs, resulting in apoptotic resistance. In contrast, DcR2 knockdown produced the opposite effects in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, quantitative proteomics and co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that DcR2 interacted with glucose-related protein 78 kDa (GRP78), which has been shown to promote apoptotic resistance in cancer. GRP78 exhibited co-localization with senescent and antiapoptotic markers but was rarely co-expressed with caspase 3 or TUNEL. Additionally, GRP78 knockdown decreased the apoptosis resistance of HG-induced senescent RTECs with upregulated cleaved caspase 3 and increased the percentage of apoptotic RTECs. Mechanistically, DcR2 mediated apoptotic resistance in senescent RTECs by enhancing GRP78-caspase 7 interactions and promoting Akt phosphorylation. Thus, DcR2 mediated the apoptotic resistance of senescent RTECs and renal fibrosis by interacting with GRP78, indicating that targeting the DcR2-GRP78 axis represents a promising therapeutic strategy for DN.
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5
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Ke P, Qian L, Zhou Y, Feng L, Zhang Z, Zheng C, Chen M, Huang X, Wu X. Identification of hub genes and transcription factor-miRNA-mRNA pathways in mice and human renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12375. [PMID: 34754625 PMCID: PMC8555504 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a disease with high incidence rate in kidney related surgery. Micro RNA (miRNA) and transcription factors (TFs) are widely involved in the process of renal IRI through regulation of their target genes. However, the regulatory relationships and functional roles of TFs, miRNAs and mRNAs in the progression of renal IRI are insufficiently understood. The present study aimed to clarify the underlying mechanism of regulatory relationships in renal IRI. Methods Six gene expression profiles were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Differently expressed genes (DEGs) and differently expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were identified through RRA integrated analysis of mRNA datasets (GSE39548, GSE87025, GSE52004, GSE71647, and GSE131288) and miRNA datasets (GSE29495). miRDB and TransmiR v2.0 database were applied to predict target genes of miRNA and TFs, respectively. DEGs were applied for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, followed with construction of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Then, the TF-miRNA-mRNA network was constructed. Correlation coefficient and ROC analysis were used to verify regulatory relationship between genes and their diagnostic value in GSE52004. Furthermore, in independent mouse RNA-seq datasets GSE98622, human RNA-seq GSE134386 and in vitro, the expression of hub genes and genes from the network were observed and correlation coefficient and ROC analysis were validated. Results A total of 21 DEMs and 187 DEGs were identified in renal IRI group compared to control group. The results of PPI analysis showed 15 hub genes. The TF-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was constructed and several important pathways were identified and further verified, including Junb-miR-223-Ranbp3l, Cebpb-miR-223-Ranbp3l, Cebpb-miR-21-Ranbp3l and Cebpb-miR-181b-Bsnd. Four regulatory loops were identified, including Fosl2-miR-155, Fosl2-miR-146a, Cebpb-miR-155 and Mafk-miR-25. The hub genes and genes in the network showed good diagnostic value in mice and human. Conclusions In this study, we found 15 hub genes and several TF-miRNA-mRNA pathways, which are helpful for understanding the molecular and regulatory mechanisms in renal IRI. Junb-miR-223-Ranbp3l, Cebpb-miR-223-Ranbp3l, Cebpb-miR-21-Ranbp3l and Cebpb-miR-181b-Bsnd were the most important pathways, while Spp1, Fos, Timp1, Tnc, Fosl2 and Junb were the most important hub genes. Fosl2-miR-155, Fosl2-miR-146a, Cebpb-miR-155 and Mafk-miR-25 might be the negative feedback loops in renal IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ke
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lin Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liu Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengjie Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Mengnan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xinlei Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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6
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Sun J, Li H, Lv C, Draz E, Liu Y, Lin Z, Hu W, Mo K, Lin J, Xu W, Wang S. Trps1 targets Ccnd1 to regulate mouse Leydig cell proliferation. Andrology 2021; 9:1923-1933. [PMID: 34185441 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome-1 gene (Trps1) is an atypical GATA family member. Although current studies of Trps1 mainly focus on tumors, whether Trps1 plays a role in the male reproductive system remains unknown. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to elucidate the function of Trps1 in Leydig cells, indicating its regulatory mechanism on the cell cycle. METHODS Gene-silencing technology, RNA-seq, RT-qPCR, and western blotting were used to evaluate the function of Trps1 in mouse primary Leydig cells and MLTC-1 cells. In addition, ChIP-base sets and ChIP-qPCR were employed to further assess the regulatory mechanism of Trps1 in MLTC-1 cells. RESULTS Knockdown of Trps1 in Leydig cells significantly suppressed phosphorylation of Src and Akt and expression of Ccnd1, which was accompanied by impairment of cell proliferative ability. Trps1 may affect the cell cycle through the Src/Akt/Ccnd1 signaling pathway. In addition, Trps1 may bind to the promoter of Srcin1 to regulate its transcription, thus influencing Src phosphorylation levels and the proliferation of Leydig cells. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Src increases in Leydig cells during pubertal development, suggesting its functional involvement in differentiated adult Leydig cells. Inhibition of the Src/Akt pathway would reduce Ccnd1 expression. In the present study, we found that Trps1 may regulate the phosphorylation level of Src and Akt through Srcin1, targeting Ccnd1 to influence mouse Leydig cell proliferation. These findings shed light on the regulation of Trps1 on cell proliferation and differentiation of mouse Leydig cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Fujian Province University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Fujian Province University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chengyu Lv
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Fujian Province University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Eman Draz
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Fujian Province University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Fujian Province University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zihang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Fujian Province University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Weitao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Fujian Province University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Kaien Mo
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Fujian Province University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianmin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Fujian Province University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Fujian Province University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Fujian Province University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
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7
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Socorro M, Shinde A, Yamazaki H, Khalid S, Monier D, Beniash E, Napierala D. Trps1 transcription factor represses phosphate-induced expression of SerpinB2 in osteogenic cells. Bone 2020; 141:115673. [PMID: 33022456 PMCID: PMC7680451 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Serine protease inhibitor SerpinB2 is one of the most upregulated proteins following cellular stress. This multifunctional serpin has been attributed a number of pleiotropic activities, including roles in cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, immunity and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Studies of cancer cells demonstrated that expression of SerpinB2 is directly repressed by the Trps1 transcription factor, which is a regulator of skeletal and dental tissues mineralization. In our previous studies, we identified SerpinB2 as one of the novel genes highly upregulated by phosphate (Pi) at the initiation of the mineralization process, however SerpinB2 has never been implicated in formation nor homeostasis of mineralized tissues. The aim of this study was to establish, if SerpinB2 is involved in function of cells producing mineralized ECM and to determine the interplay between Pi signaling and Trps1 in the regulation of SerpinB2 expression specifically in cells producing mineralized ECM. Analyses of the SerpinB2 expression pattern in mouse skeletal and dental tissues detected high SerpinB2 protein levels specifically in cells producing mineralized ECM. qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses demonstrated that SerpinB2 expression is activated by elevated Pi specifically in osteogenic cells. However, the Pi-induced SerpinB2 expression was diminished by overexpression of Trps1. Decreased SerpinB2 levels were also detected in osteoblasts and odontoblasts of 2.3Col1a1-Trps1 transgenic mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP) revealed that the occupancy of Trps1 on regulatory elements in the SerpinB2 gene changes in response to Pi. In vitro functional assessment of the consequences of SerpinB2 deficiency in cells producing mineralized ECM detected impaired mineralization in SerpinB2-deficient cells in comparison with controls. In conclusion, high and specific expression of SerpinB2 in cells producing mineralized ECM, the impaired mineralization of SerpinB2-deficient cells and regulation of SerpinB2 expression by two molecules regulating formation of mineralized tissues suggest involvement of SerpinB2 in physiological mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairobys Socorro
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Apurva Shinde
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hajime Yamazaki
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sana Khalid
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daisy Monier
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elia Beniash
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dobrawa Napierala
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Liu XQ, Jin J, Li Z, Jiang L, Dong YH, Cai YT, Wu MF, Wang JN, Ma TT, Wen JG, Liu MM, Li J, Wu YG, Meng XM. Rutaecarpine derivative Cpd-6c alleviates acute kidney injury by targeting PDE4B, a key enzyme mediating inflammation in cisplatin nephropathy. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 180:114132. [PMID: 32622666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI), characterized by a rapid decline in renal function, is triggered by an acute inflammatory response that leads to kidney damage. An effective treatment for AKI is lacking. Using in vitro and in vivo AKI models, our laboratory has identified a series of anti-inflammatory molecules and their derivatives. In the current study, we identified the protective role of rutaecarpine (Ru) on renal tubules. We obtained a series of 3-aromatic sulphonamide-substituted Ru derivatives exhibiting enhanced renoprotective and anti-inflammatory function. We identified Compound-6c(Cpd-6c) as having the best activity and examined its protective effect against cisplatin nephropathy both in vivo and in vitro in cisplatin-stimulated tubular epithelial cells (TECs). Our results showed that Cpd-6c restored renal function more effectively than Ru, as evidenced by reduced blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels in mice. Cpd-6c alleviated tubular injury, as shown by PAS staining and molecular analysis of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), with both prevention and treatment protocols in cisplatin-treated mice. Moreover, Cpd-6c decreased kidney inflammation, oxidative stress and programmed cell death. These results have also been confirmed in cisplatin-treated TECs. Using web-prediction algorithms, molecular docking, and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), we identified phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) as a Cpd-6c target. In addition, we firstly found that PDE4B was up-regulated significantly in the serum of AKI patients. After identifying the function of PDE4B in cisplatin-treated tubular epithelial cells by siRNA transfection or PDE4 inhibitor rolipram, we showed that Cpd-6c treatment did not protect against cisplatin-induced injury in PDE4B knockdown TECs, thus indicating that Cpd-6c exerts its renoprotective and anti-oxidative effects via the PDE4B-dependent pathway. Collectively, Cpd-6c might serve as a potential therapeutic agent for AKI and PDE4B may be highly involved in the initiation and progression of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qi Liu
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Juan Jin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Zeng Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yu-Hang Dong
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yu-Ting Cai
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ming-Fei Wu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jia-Nan Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Tao-Tao Ma
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jia-Gen Wen
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ming-Ming Liu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yong-Gui Wu
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; The Center for Scientific Research of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Xiao-Ming Meng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China.
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9
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Chen K, Chen J, Wang L, Yang J, Xiao F, Wang X, Yuan J, Wang L, He Y. Parkin ubiquitinates GATA4 and attenuates the GATA4/GAS1 signaling and detrimental effects on diabetic nephropathy. FASEB J 2020; 34:8858-8875. [PMID: 32436607 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000053r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Renal tubular injury contributes to the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). This study explored the role and mechanisms of E3-ubiquitin ligase Parkin in the renal tubular injury of DN. We found that Parkin expression gradually decreased and was inversely associated with IL-6, TGF-β1, and GATA4 expression in the kidney during the progression of DN. Parkin over-expression (OE) reduced inflammation, fibrosis, premature senescence of renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs), and improved renal function while Parkin knockout (KO) had opposite effects in DN mice. Parkin-OE decreased GATA4 protein, but not its mRNA transcripts in the kidney of DN mice and high glucose (HG)-treated RTECs. Immunoprecipitation indicated that Parkin directly interacted with GATA4 in DN kidney. Parkin-OE enhanced GATA4 ubiquitination. Furthermore, Parkin-KO upregulated growth arrest-specific gene 1 (GAS1) expression in renal tubular tissues of DN mice and GATA4-OE enhanced the HG-upregulated GAS1 expression in RTECs. Conversely, GAS1-OE mitigated the effect of Parkin-OE on HG-induced P21, IL-6, and TGF-β1 expression in RTECs. These results indicate that Parkin inhibits the progression of DN by promoting GATA4 ubiquitination and downregulating the GATA4/GAS1 signaling to inhibit premature senescence, inflammation, and fibrosis in DN mice. Thus, these findings uncover new mechanisms underlying the action of Parkin during the process of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehong Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianyue Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junjie Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Limin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yani He
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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10
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Jia C, Ke-Hong C, Fei X, Huan-Zi D, Jie Y, Li-Ming W, Xiao-Yue W, Jian-Guo Z, Ya-Ni H. Decoy receptor 2 mediation of the senescent phenotype of tubular cells by interacting with peroxiredoxin 1 presents a novel mechanism of renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int 2020; 98:645-662. [PMID: 32739204 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Premature senescence of renal tubular epithelial cell (RTEC), which is involved in kidney fibrosis, is a key event in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here we investigated the role and mechanism of decoy receptor 2 (DcR2) in kidney fibrosis and the senescent phenotype of RTEC. DcR2 was specifically expressed in senescent RTEC and associated with kidney fibrosis in patients with diabetic nephropathy and mice with streptozotocin-induced with diabetic nephropathy. Knockdown of DcR2 decreased the expression of α-smooth muscle actin, collagen I, fibronectin and serum creatinine levels in streptozotocin-induced mice. DcR2 knockdown also inhibited the expression of senescent markers p16, p21, senescence-associated beta-galactosidase and senescence-associated heterochromatic foci and promoted the secretion of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype including IL-6, TGF-β1, and matrix metalloproteinase 2 in vitro and in vivo. However, DcR2 overexpression showed the opposite effects. Quantitative proteomics and validation studies revealed that DcR2 interacted with peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1), which regulated the cell cycle and senescence. Knockdown of PRDX1 upregulated p16 and cyclin D1 while downregulating cyclin-dependent kinase 6 expression in vitro, resulting in RTEC senescence. Furthermore, PRDX1 knockdown promoted DcR2-induced p16, cyclin D1, IL-6, and TGF-β1 expression, whereas PRDX1 overexpression led to the opposite results. Subsequently, DcR2 regulated PRDX1 phosphorylation, which could be inhibited by the specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein. Thus, DcR2 mediated the senescent phenotype of RTEC and kidney fibrosis by interacting with PRDX1. Hence, DcR2 may act as a potential therapeutic target for the amelioration of diabetic nephropathy progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Ke-Hong
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Fei
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dai Huan-Zi
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Jie
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wang Li-Ming
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wang Xiao-Yue
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhang Jian-Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - He Ya-Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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11
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Kang Y, Li Y, Wen H, Zhu J, Zheng J, Feng Z. Prevention of renal ischemia and reperfusion injury by penehyclidine hydrochloride through autophagy activation. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:2182-2192. [PMID: 32186764 PMCID: PMC7115187 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) suppresses renal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury (IRI); however, the underlying mechanism of action that achieves this function remains largely unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the potential role of autophagy in PHC‑induced suppression of renal IRI, as well as the involvement of cell proliferation and apoptosis. A rat IRI model and a cellular hypoxia/oxygenation (H/R) model were established; PHC, 3‑methyladenine (3‑MA) and rapamycin (Rapa) were administered to the IRI model rats prior to I/R induction and to H/R cells following reperfusion. Serum creatinine was measured using a biochemistry analyzer, whereas aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) expression levels were detected using ELISA kits. Renal tissue injury was evaluated by histological examination. In addition, microtubule‑associated protein light chain 3B (LC3B) expression, autophagosome formation, cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected in the cellular H/R model. The results demonstrated that I/R induced renal injury in IRI model rats, upregulated serum creatinine, ALAT and ASAT expression levels, and increased autophagic processes. In contrast, pretreatment with PHC or Rapa significantly prevented these I/R‑induced changes, whereas the administration of 3‑MA enhanced I/R‑induced injuries through suppressing autophagy. PHC and Rapa increased LC3B and Beclin‑1 expression levels, but decreased sequestome 1 (p62) expression in the cellular H/R model, whereas 3‑MA prevented these PHC‑induced changes. PHC and Rapa promoted proliferation and autophagy in the cellular H/R model; these effects were accompanied by increased expression levels of LC3B and Beclin‑1, and reduced p62 expression levels, whereas these levels were inhibited by 3‑MA. Furthermore, PHC and Rapa inhibited apoptosis in the cellular H/R model through increasing Bcl‑2 expression levels, and suppressing Bax and caspase‑3 expression levels; the opposite effect was induced by 3‑MA. In conclusion, PHC suppressed renal IRI through the induction of autophagy, which in turn promoted proliferation and suppressed apoptosis in renal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinshan Branch Hospital of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 201599, P.R. China
| | - Yuebing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
| | - Heng Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
| | - Junfeng Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinshan Branch Hospital of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 201599, P.R. China
| | - Jiangbo Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinshan Branch Hospital of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 201599, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoming Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinshan Branch Hospital of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 201599, P.R. China
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12
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Ding H, Bai F, Cao H, Xu J, Fang L, Wu J, Yuan Q, Zhou Y, Sun Q, He W, Dai C, Zen K, Jiang L, Yang J. PDE/cAMP/Epac/C/EBP-β Signaling Cascade Regulates Mitochondria Biogenesis of Tubular Epithelial Cells in Renal Fibrosis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:637-652. [PMID: 29216750 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cyclic adenosine 3'5'-monophosphate (cAMP) is a universal second messenger that plays an important role in intracellular signal transduction. cAMP is synthesized by adenylate cyclases from adenosine triphosphate and terminated by the phosphodiesterases (PDEs). In the present study, we investigated the role of the cAMP pathway in tubular epithelial cell mitochondrial biogenesis in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis. RESULTS We found that the cAMP levels were decreased in fibrotic kidney tissues, and replenishing cAMP could ameliorate tubular atrophy and extracellular matrix deposition. The downregulation of cAMP was mainly attributed to the increased PDE4 expression in tubular epithelial cells. The inhibition of PDE4 by PDE4 siRNA or the specific inhibitor, rolipram, attenuated unilateral ureteral obstruction-induced renal interstitial fibrosis and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-stimulated primary tubular epithelial cell (PTC) damage. The Epac1/Rap1 pathway contributed to the main effect of cAMP on renal fibrosis. Rolipram could restore C/EBP-β and PGC-1α expression and protect the mitochondrial function and structure of PTCs under TGF-β1 stimulation. The antifibrotic role of rolipram in renal fibrosis relies on C/EBP-β and PGC-1α expression in tubular epithelial cells. Innovation and Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that cAMP signaling regulates the mitochondrial biogenesis of tubular epithelial cells in renal fibrosis. Restoring cAMP by the PDE4 inhibitor rolipram may ameliorate renal fibrosis by targeting C/EBP-β/PGC1-α and mitochondrial biogenesis. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 637-652.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ding
- 1 Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Bai
- 1 Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China .,2 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai'an Second People's Hospital , Huai'an, China
| | - Hongdi Cao
- 1 Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- 1 Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Li Fang
- 3 Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong, China
| | - Jining Wu
- 1 Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Yuan
- 1 Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- 1 Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Sun
- 1 Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Weichun He
- 1 Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Chunsun Dai
- 1 Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Zen
- 4 State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University Advanced Institute of Life Sciences , Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- 1 Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Junwei Yang
- 1 Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
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13
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Xie H, Wang Y, Zhang H, Fan Q, Dai D, Zhuang L, Tao R, Chen Q, Shen W, Lu L, Ding X, Zhang R, Yan X. Tubular epithelial C1orf54 mediates protection and recovery from acute kidney injury. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4985-4996. [PMID: 29999589 PMCID: PMC6156286 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) incidence among hospitalized patients is increasing steadily. Despite progress in prevention strategies and support measures, AKI remains correlated with high mortality, particularly among ICU patients, and no effective AKI therapy exists. Here, we investigated the function in kidney ischaemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) of C1orf54, a newly identified protein encoded by an open reading frame on chromosome 1. C1orf54 expression was high in kidney and low in heart, liver, spleen, lung and skeletal muscle in healthy mice, and in the kidney, C1orf54 was expressed in tubular epithelial cells (TECs), but not in glomeruli. C1orf54 expression was markedly decreased on Day 1 after kidney IRI and then gradually recovered to baseline levels by Day 7. Notably, relative to wild‐type mice, C1orf54‐knockout mice exhibited impaired TEC proliferation and delayed recovery after kidney IRI, which led to deteriorated renal function and increased mortality. Conversely, adenovirus‐mediated C1orf54 overexpression promoted TEC proliferation and ameliorated kidney pathology, which resulted in accelerated renal repair and improved renal function. Mechanistically, C1orf54 was found to promote TEC proliferation through PI3K/AKT signalling. Thus, C1orf54 holds considerable potential as a therapeutic target in kidney IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqiong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Daopeng Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingfang Zhuang
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiujing Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weifeng Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiyan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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14
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Mittal R, Bencie N, Shaikh N, Mittal J, Liu XZ, Eshraghi AA. Role of Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases in Inner Ear and Hearing. Front Physiol 2017; 8:908. [PMID: 29163231 PMCID: PMC5677782 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Nicole Bencie
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Noah Shaikh
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Jeenu Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Xue Zhong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Adrien A Eshraghi
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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