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Supuramanian SS, Dsa S, Harihar S. Molecular interaction of metastasis suppressor genes and tumor microenvironment in breast cancer. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:912-932. [PMID: 37970212 PMCID: PMC10645471 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide where the process of metastasis is a major contributor to the mortality associated with this disease. Metastasis suppressor genes are a group of genes that play a crucial role in preventing or inhibiting the spread of cancer cells. They suppress the metastasis process by inhibiting colonization and by inducing dormancy. These genes function by regulating various cellular processes in the tumor microenvironment (TME), such as cell adhesion, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis. Dysregulation of metastasis suppressor genes can lead to the acquisition of an invasive and metastatic phenotype and lead to poor prognostic outcomes. The components of the TME generally play a necessary in the metastasis progression of tumor cells. This review has identified and elaborated on the role of a few metastatic suppressors associated with the TME that have been shown to inhibit metastasis in BC by different mechanisms, such as blocking certain cell signaling molecules involved in cancer cell migration, invasion, enhancing immune surveillance of cancer cells, and promoting the formation of a protective extracellular matrix (ECM). Understanding the interaction of metastatic suppressor genes and the components of TME has important implications for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to target the metastatic cascade. Targeting these genes or their downstream signaling pathways offers a promising approach to inhibiting the spread of cancer cells and improves patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sid Dsa
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sitaram Harihar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
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Alqahtani SS, Koltai T, Ibrahim ME, Bashir AHH, Alhoufie STS, Ahmed SBM, Molfetta DD, Carvalho TMA, Cardone RA, Reshkin SJ, Hifny A, Ahmed ME, Alfarouk KO. Role of pH in Regulating Cancer Pyrimidine Synthesis. J Xenobiot 2022; 12:158-180. [PMID: 35893264 PMCID: PMC9326563 DOI: 10.3390/jox12030014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Replication is a fundamental aspect of cancer, and replication is about reproducing all the elements and structures that form a cell. Among them are DNA, RNA, enzymes, and coenzymes. All the DNA is doubled during each S (synthesis) cell cycle phase. This means that six billion nucleic acids must be synthesized in each cycle. Tumor growth, proliferation, and mutations all depend on this synthesis. Cancer cells require a constant supply of nucleotides and other macromolecules. For this reason, they must stimulate de novo nucleotide synthesis to support nucleic acid provision. When deregulated, de novo nucleic acid synthesis is controlled by oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that enable increased synthesis and cell proliferation. Furthermore, cell duplication must be achieved swiftly (in a few hours) and in the midst of a nutrient-depleted and hypoxic environment. This also means that the enzymes participating in nucleic acid synthesis must work efficiently. pH is a critical factor in enzymatic efficiency and speed. This review will show that the enzymatic machinery working in nucleic acid synthesis requires a pH on the alkaline side in most cases. This coincides with many other pro-tumoral factors, such as the glycolytic phenotype, benefiting from an increased intracellular pH. An increased intracellular pH is a perfect milieu for high de novo nucleic acid production through optimal enzymatic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Saeed Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Muntaser E. Ibrahim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11111, Sudan; (M.E.I.); (A.H.H.B.)
| | - Adil H. H. Bashir
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11111, Sudan; (M.E.I.); (A.H.H.B.)
| | - Sari T. S. Alhoufie
- Medical Laboratories Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Medina 42353, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Samrein B. M. Ahmed
- Department of Biosciences and Chemistry, College of Health, Wellbeing and Life Sciences, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK;
| | - Daria Di Molfetta
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (D.D.M.); (T.M.A.C.); (R.A.C.); (S.J.R.)
| | - Tiago M. A. Carvalho
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (D.D.M.); (T.M.A.C.); (R.A.C.); (S.J.R.)
| | - Rosa Angela Cardone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (D.D.M.); (T.M.A.C.); (R.A.C.); (S.J.R.)
| | - Stephan Joel Reshkin
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy; (D.D.M.); (T.M.A.C.); (R.A.C.); (S.J.R.)
| | | | - Mohamed E. Ahmed
- Research Center, Zamzam University College, Khartoum 11123, Sudan;
| | - Khalid Omer Alfarouk
- Research Center, Zamzam University College, Khartoum 11123, Sudan;
- Alfarouk Biomedical Research LLC, Temple Terrace, FL 33617, USA
- Hala Alfarouk Cancer Center, Khartoum 11123, Sudan
- Correspondence:
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Comprehensive molecular profiling of UV-induced metastatic melanoma in Nme1/Nme2-deficient mice reveals novel markers of survival in human patients. Oncogene 2021; 40:6329-6342. [PMID: 34433909 PMCID: PMC8595820 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01998-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor-overexpressing mice that harbor a deletion of the Ink4a/p16 locus (HP mice) form melanomas with low metastatic potential in response to UV irradiation. Here we report that these tumors become highly metastatic following hemizygous deletion of the Nme1 and Nme2 metastasis suppressor genes (HPN mice). Whole genome sequencing of melanomas from HPN mice revealed a striking increase in lung metastatic activity that is associated with missense mutations in eight signature genes (Arhgap35, Atp8b4, Brca1, Ift172, Kif21b, Nckap5, Pcdha2 and Zfp869). RNA-seq analysis of transcriptomes from HP and HPN primary melanomas identified a 32-gene signature (HPN lung metastasis signature) for which decreased expression is strongly associated with lung metastatic potential. Analysis of transcriptome data from The Cancer Genome Atlas revealed expression profiles of these genes that predict improved survival of patients with cutaneous or uveal melanoma. Silencing of three representative HPN lung metastasis signature genes (ARRDC3, NYNRIN, RND3) in human melanoma cells resulted in increased invasive activity, consistent with roles for these genes as mediators of the metastasis suppressor function of NME1 and NME2. In conclusion, our studies have identified a family of genes that mediate suppression of melanoma lung metastasis, and which may serve as prognostic markers and/or therapeutic targets for clinical management of metastatic melanoma.
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Wang H, Sang W. Association of NM23 polymorphisms and clinicopathological features and recurrence of invasive pituitary adenomas. Pituitary 2020; 23:113-119. [PMID: 31734851 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-019-01006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are intracranial tumors, deriving from anterior pituitary cells. Previously, expression of non-metastasis-23 (NM23) gene has been shown to correlate with the progression of PAs. In this study, we aim to determine whether there is association between specific NM23 polymorphisms and invasive pituitary adenoma (IPA). METHODS Genotypes of rs2302254 and rs16949649 of NM23 were identified in the peripheral venous blood of patients by PCR-RLFP. Next, the correlation between specific genotypes of rs2302254 and rs16949649 and risk of IPA was investigated. Finally, the correlations between NM23 polymorphisms and tumor size, Ki67 LI and recurrence of IPA were analyzed with 3 to 24 months follow-up for the enrolled patients. RESULTS We observed that the TT genotype at rs16949649 correlated closely with a high risk of IPA, while CC and CT genotypes reduced the risk of IPA. CC genotype at rs2302254 increased the risk of IPA, while CT and TT genotypes reduced the risk of IPA. Trs16949649Crs2302254 haplotype of NM23 was found to be a high-risk haplotype for IPA. TT genotype at rs16949649 and CC genotype at rs2302254 were associated with higher rates of tumors larger than 20 mm, Ki67 LI and tumor recurrence. CONCLUSION Taken together, the present study provides evidence that NM23 polymorphisms are closely associated with the incidence and recurrence of IPA. Specifically, TT genotype at rs16949649 and CC genotype at rs2302254 are risk factors of IPA. NM23 polymorphisms could therefore be used as a reference for clinical diagnosis and prognosis of IPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- 1st Ward of Department of Neurosurgery, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, No. 1, Zhaowuda Road, Chifeng, 024000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyuan Sang
- 1st Ward of Department of Neurosurgery, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, No. 1, Zhaowuda Road, Chifeng, 024000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.
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Mikheil DM, Prabhakar K, Arshad A, Rodriguez CI, Newton MA, Setaluri V. Notch signaling activation induces cell death in MAPKi-resistant melanoma cells. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2019; 32:528-539. [PMID: 30614626 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The role of Notch signaling in melanoma drug resistance is not well understood. In this study, we show that although NOTCH proteins are upregulated in metastatic melanoma cell lines, Notch signaling inhibition had no effect on cell survival, growth, migration or the sensitivity of BRAFV600E-melanoma cells to MAPK inhibition (MAPKi). We found that NOTCH1 is downregulated in melanoma cell lines with intrinsic and acquired resistance to MAPKi. Forced expression of NICD1, the active form of Notch1, caused apoptosis of the NOTCHlo , MAPKi-resistant cells, but not the NOTCHhi , MAPKi-sensitive melanoma cell lines. Whole transcriptome-sequencing analyses of NICD1-transduced MAPKi-sensitive and MAPKi-resistant cells revealed differential regulation of endothelin 1 (EDN1) by NICD1, that is, downregulation in MAPKi-resistant cells and upregulation in MAPKi-sensitive cells. Knockdown of EDN1 partially mimicked the effect of NICD1 on the survival of MAPKi-resistant cells. We show that the opposite regulation of EDN1 by Notch signaling is mediated by the differential regulation of c-JUN by NICD1. Our data show that MAPKi-resistant melanoma cells acquire vulnerability to Notch signaling activation and suggest that Notch-c-JUN-EDN1 axis is a potential therapeutic target in MAPKi-resistant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dareen M Mikheil
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Ayyan Arshad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Michael A Newton
- Department of Biostatistics & Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Vijayasaradhi Setaluri
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
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Jiao GJ, Zhang SJ, Li Y, Wu WL, Liu HC. MicroRNA-645 promotes metastasis of osteosarcoma via targeting tumor suppressor NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 45:1317-1324. [PMID: 29956840 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common non-hematological primary bony malignancy in children and young adults with tumor metastasis being a common event at diagnosis. Understanding the pathogenesis of metastatic osteosarcoma may help identify potential therapeutic targets. In this study, we found that the level of microRNA-645 (miR-645) in osteosarcoma tumor tissues was significantly increased compared with their paired non-tumorous tissues, and was associated with histologic grade, TNM staging, lymph metastasis and distant metastasis. Knockdown of miR-645 caused a remarkable inhibition of migration of osteosarcoma U2OS cells. Furthermore, miR-645 inhibited NME2 (nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2) expression through directly binding to its 3' untranslated region. In human osteosarcoma tissues, we also found that NME2 was significantly decreased in tumor tissues, and its level was negatively correlated with miR-645. In addition, silencing NME2 attenuated the decreased cell migration by knockdown of miR-645, suggesting that it was involved in the miR-645 induced cell migration of osteosarcoma cells. Taken together, we found that miR-645 was up-regulated in osteosarcoma tissues and could promote osteosarcoma cell migration through directly inhibiting the tumor suppressor NME2. Our data provide novel insight into the role of miR-645 in osteosarcoma and indicate that miR-645 might be a potential therapeutic target of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Jun Jiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shi-Jun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wen-Liang Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hai-Chun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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7
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Genetics of metastasis: melanoma and other cancers. Clin Exp Metastasis 2018; 35:379-391. [PMID: 29722002 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-018-9893-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a malignant neoplasm of melanocytes that accounts for the majority of skin cancer deaths despite comprising less than 5% of all cutaneous malignancies. Its incidence has increased faster than that of any other cancer over the past half-century and the annual costs of treatment in the United States alone have risen rapidly. Although the majority of primary melanomas are cured with local excision, metastatic melanoma historically carries a grim prognosis, with a median survival of 9 months and a long-term survival rate of 10%. Given the urgent need to develop treatment strategies for metastatic melanoma and the explosion of genetic technologies over the past 20 years, there has been extensive research into the genetic alterations that cause melanocytes to become malignant. More recently, efforts have focused on the genetic changes that drive melanoma metastasis. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of the genetics of primary cutaneous and ocular melanoma, the genetic changes associated with metastasis in melanoma and other cancer types, and non-genetic factors that may contribute to metastasis.
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Chuang CH, Wang LY, Wong YM, Lin ES. Anti-metastatic effects of isolinderalactone via the inhibition of MMP-2 and up regulation of NM23-H1 expression in human lung cancer A549 cells. Oncol Lett 2018. [PMID: 29541242 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic lung cancer is a leading cause of mortality and has a mortality rate of ≥90%. Isolinderalactone (ILL) is a sesquiterpene lactone compound that has been used in traditional Chinese medicine. Research has demonstrated that ILL has anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties; however, to the best of our knowledge, studies investigating whether ILL can inhibit lung cancer cell metastasis have not been conducted. In the present study, 1-10 µM ILL was applied in the culturing of the A549 lung cancer cell line to investigate the effects of ILL on the invasion and migration of lung cancer cells, including whether the possible mechanisms of ILL are associated with the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 1 (NM23-H1) genes. The results of the present study indicated that ILL inhibited the invasion and migration of the A549 cancer cells and exhibited a dose-response association. ILL also significantly inhibited the protein expression and activity of MMP-2 (P<0.05), exhibiting a trend similar to that of its invasion- and migration-associated properties. Further research revealed that ILL significantly increased the expression of NM23-H1 protein and inhibited the expression of β-catenin protein (P<0.05). The results of the present study is, to the best of our knowledge, the first to confirm that ILL can inhibit the invasion and migration of A549 cancer cells, with the possible mechanisms potentially involving the inhibition of MMP-2 and β-catenin protein expression resulting from the up regulation of NM23-H1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hung Chuang
- Department of Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Li-Yu Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yuen Man Wong
- Department of Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - En-Shyh Lin
- Department of Beauty Science, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung 40343, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Han W, Zhang C, Cao FY, Cao F, Jiang L, Ding HZ. Prognostic and clinicopathological value of NM23 expression in patients with breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr Probl Cancer 2016; 41:80-93. [PMID: 28161101 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It is hypothesized that, NM23, as a metastasis suppressor gene, may be a good indicator of patients with breast cancer in most reports. The aim of our meta-analysis was to determine the prognostic value of NM23 in patients with breast cancer synthetically, by searching 3 databases, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science, for relevant articles. The inclusion criteria, exclusion criteria, and the standard-of-quality assessment were used according to a previous protocol. The pooled odd ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% CI were calculated to assess the primary end point, survival data, and the secondary end point, associations between NM23 expression and clinicopathological factors. Finally, funnel plots and Egger׳s linear regression test were used to assess the potential publication bias. Overall, 792 articles were retrieved in the initial search of databases, and 4968 patients were eventually pooled from 26 available studies selected out by 2 independent reviewers. The incorporative OR showed that elevated NM23 expression was associated with better overall survival (OR = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.52-0.74; P < 0.00001; I2 = 0%; Ph = 0.46). In disease-free survival, we also obtained a good prognosis (OR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.18-0.48; P < 0.00001; I2 = 46%; Ph = 0.13). In addition, high-NM23 expression was correlated with well or moderate histologic grade, negative lymph node metastasis, and early tumor staging. Furthermore, publication bias was detected in overall survival but not in disease-free survival, and it could also be verified by Egger׳s test (P = 0.009 and P = 0.687, respectively). These results implied that NM23 might be an indicator of good prognosis in patients with breast cancer, although further researches need to be performed to confirm the prognostic value of NM23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Han
- Department of General Surgery, Kunshan First People׳s Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Fei-Yun Cao
- Medical College, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Fang Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Kunshan First People׳s Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Lai Jiang
- Basic Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Hou-Zhong Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Kunshan First People׳s Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
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Romani P, Papi A, Ignesti M, Soccolini G, Hsu T, Gargiulo G, Spisni E, Cavaliere V. Dynamin controls extracellular level of Awd/Nme1 metastasis suppressor protein. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 389:1171-1182. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1268-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zhang L, Li L, Wei H, Guo L, Ai C, Xu H, Wu Z, Zhou Q. Transcriptional factor FOXO3 negatively regulates the expression of nm23-H1 in non-small cell lung cancer. Thorac Cancer 2016; 7:9-16. [PMID: 26816534 PMCID: PMC4718119 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nm23-H1 was the first metastasis suppressor discovered in most tumor models and reduction or loss of nm23-H1 expression correlates with tumor progression and metastasis in non-small-cell lung cancer. Despite extensive studies, the regulatory mechanism of nm23-H1 expression is far from elucidated. The transcriptional factor forkhead box (FOX)O3 has been reported to be involved in multiple regulatory signaling pathways in the biological behavior of tumors. Therefore, we aimed to study the relationship between FOXO3 activity and nm23-H1 expression. METHODS Real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting assays were employed to determine nm23-H1 messenger ribonucleic acid and protein expression after being transformed by different FOXO3 plasmid in A549 cells. A dual luciferase reporter system and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, were used to determine the promoter activity of the nm23-H1 gene and to detect the binding of FOXO3 into the nm23-H1 promoter, respectively. RESULTS We found that activated FOXO3 decreased nm23-H1 expression and dominant negative FOXO3 increased nm23-H1 expression. Modulation of FOXO3 activity with FOXO3 pathway inhibitors altered nm23-H1 promoter activity. Although there is a putative binding site of FOXO3 in the nm23-H1 promoter, FOXO3 regulated nm23-H1 expression in an indirect manner. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that the transcriptional factor FOXO3 decreased the expression levels of the tumor suppressor gene nm23-H1 in the non-small-cell lung cancer A549 cell line and that the level of expression of nm23-H1 was controlled by FOXO3 in an indirect manner. This finding provided an insight into the upstream regulation of nm23-H1 and may provide promising targets for inhibition of the metastasis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center and InstituteTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
- Department of OncologyTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Lin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center and InstituteTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Huijun Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center and InstituteTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Lili Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center and InstituteTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Cheng Ai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center and InstituteTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Hongyu Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center and InstituteTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Zhihao Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center and InstituteTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center and InstituteTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
- Sichuan Lung Cancer InstituteSichuan Lung Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu, SichuanChina
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12
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Liao Q, Liu W, Liu Y, Wang F, Wang C, Zhang J, Chu M, Jiang D, Xiao L, Shao W, Sheng Z, Tao X, Huo L, Yin CC, Zhang Y, Lee G, Huang J, Li Z, Qiu X. Aberrant high expression of immunoglobulin G in epithelial stem/progenitor-like cells contributes to tumor initiation and metastasis. Oncotarget 2015; 6:40081-94. [PMID: 26472025 PMCID: PMC4741881 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High expression of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in many non-B cell malignancies and its non-conventional roles in promoting proliferation and survival of cancer cells have been demonstrated. However, the precise function of non-B IgG remains incompletely understood. Here we define the antigen specificity of RP215, a monoclonal antibody that specifically recognizes the IgG in cancer cells. Using RP215, our study shows that IgG is overexpressed in cancer cells of epithelial lineage, especially cells with cancer stem/progenitor cell-like features. The RP215-recognized IgG is primarily localized on the cell surface, particularly lamellipodia-like structures. Cells with high IgG display higher migration, increased invasiveness and metastasis, and enhanced self-renewal and tumorgenecity ability in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, depletion of IgG in breast cancer leads to reduced adhesion, invasion and self-renewal and increased apoptosis of cancer cells. We conclude that high expression of IgG is a novel biomarker of tumor progression, metastasis and cancer stem cell maintenance and demonstrate the potential therapeutic benefits of RP215-recognized IgG targeted strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyuan Liao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Fulin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jingxuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ming Chu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Dongyang Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wenwei Shao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhengzuo Sheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xia Tao
- Department of Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Lei Huo
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - C. Cameron Yin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Youhui Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Gregory Lee
- Andrology Lab, University of British Columbia Centre for Reproductive Health, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zihai Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Qiu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100191, China
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13
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Chang YW, Chiu CF, Lee KY, Hong CC, Wang YY, Cheng CC, Jan YH, Huang MS, Hsiao M, Ma JT, Su JL. CARMA3 Represses Metastasis Suppressor NME2 to Promote Lung Cancer Stemness and Metastasis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 192:64-75. [PMID: 25906011 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201411-1957oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE CARD-recruited membrane-associated protein 3 (CARMA3) is a novel scaffold protein that regulates nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation; however, the underlying mechanism of CARMA3 in lung cancer stemness and metastasis remains largely unknown. OBJECTIVES To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of CARMA3 in non-small cell lung cancer progression. METHODS The expression levels of CARMA3 and NME2 in a cohort of patients with lung cancer (n = 91) were examined by immunohistochemistry staining and assessed by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The effects of CARMA3, microRNA-182 (miR-182), and NME2 on cancer stemness and metastasis were measured in vitro and in vivo. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays were performed to determine the mechanisms of NF-κB-driven miR-182 expression and NME2 regulation. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We observed that CARMA3 inversely correlated with NME2 expression in patients with lung cancer (Pearson correlation coefficient: R = -0.24; P = 0.022). NME2 levels were significantly decreased in tumor tissues compared with adjacent normal lung tissues (P < 0.001), and patients with lung cancer with higher levels of NME2 had longer survival outcomes (overall survival, P < 0.01; disease-free survival, P < 0.01). Mechanistically, CARMA3 promoted cell motility by reducing the level of NME2 through the NF-κB/miR-182 pathway and by increasing cancer stem cell properties and metastasis in lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS We identified a novel mechanism of CARMA3 in lung cancer stemness and metastasis through the negative regulation of NME2 by NF-κB-dependent induction of miR-182. Our findings provide an attractive strategy for targeting the CARMA3/NF-κB/miR-182 pathway as a potential treatment for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Chang
- 1 National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan.,2 Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,3 Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Chiu
- 1 National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Yun Lee
- 4 Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, and.,5 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chen Hong
- 1 National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yun Wang
- 1 National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chia Cheng
- 1 National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Jan
- 3 Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shyan Huang
- 6 Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- 3 Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ti Ma
- 1 National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Liang Su
- 1 National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan.,7 Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,8 Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; and.,9 Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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14
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Hu W, Wang J, Luo G, Luo B, Wu C, Wang W, Xiao Y, Li J. Proteomics-based analysis of differentially expressed proteins in the CXCR1-knockdown gastric carcinoma MKN45 cell line and its parental cell. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2013; 45:857-66. [PMID: 23924695 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmt086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
C-X-C chemokine receptor types 1 (CXCR1), a cell-surface G-protein-coupled receptor has been found to be associated with tumorigenesis, development, and progression of some tumors. Previously, we have found that CXCR1 overexpression is associated with late-stage gastric adenocarcinoma. We also have demonstrated that knockdown of CXCR1 could inhibit cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we compared the changes of protein expression profile between gastric carcinoma MKN45 cell line and CXCR1-knockdown MKN45 cell line by 2D electrophoresis. Among the 101 quantified proteins, 29 spots were significantly different, among which 13 were down-regulated and 16 were up-regulated after CXCR1 knockdown. These proteins were further identified by mass spectrometry analysis. Among them, several up-regulated proteins such as hCG2020155, Keratin8, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (C1/C2), and several down-regulated proteins such as Sorcin, heat shock protein 27, serpin B6 isoform b, and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K were confirmed. These proteins are related to cell cycle, the transcription regulation, cell adherence, cellular metabolism, drug resistance, and so on. These results provide an additional support to the hypothesis that CXCR1 might play an important role in proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and prognosis, and drug resistance of gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanming Hu
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
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15
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Dai Z, Xiao W, Jin Y. Inhibition of nm23-H1 gene expression in chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. Oncol Lett 2013; 6:1093-1097. [PMID: 24137469 PMCID: PMC3796426 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
For solid tumors of a malignant origin, the expression of the nm23-H1 gene is a positive prognostic factor. However, for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), the prognostic role of nm23-H1 gene expression is unknown. The present study investigated the impact of nm23-H1 gene expression on the proliferation and migration of the CML K562 cell line to elucidate the association between nm23-H1 gene expression and CML cell survival. An RNAi lipo-recombinant plasmid of the nm23-H1 gene (pGCsi-nm23-H1) was constructed and transfected into the K562 cells. RT-PCR and western blotting were used to detect nm23-H1 mRNA and protein expression, respectively. The anchorage-independent growth ability of the transfected cells was observed in soft agar culture and the ability of the K562 cells to migrate was determined using a Transwell assay. Following the successful construction and transfection of the pGCsi-nm23-H1 plasmid into the K562 cells, nm23-H1 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly lower compared with the control group. The stably-transfected pGCsi-nm23-H1 K562 cells exhibited a markedly increased ability to form colonies and the number and sizes of the colonies were significantly increased compared with those of the control. In vitro, the cells migrated through a Matrigel-coated membrane during incubation for 20 h. The Transwell assay revealed that the quantitative number of pGCsi-nm23-H1 K562 cells that migrated into the lower compartment of the invasion chamber was markedly increased compared with the control. In conclusion, nm23-H1 gene expression may inhibit K562 cell proliferation and migration. nm23-H1 may be a cancer suppressor gene and play a significant role in inhibiting the survival of CML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhensheng Dai
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
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16
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Zhao Q, Wang H, Yang M, Yang D, Zuo Y, Wang J. Expression of a tumor-associated gene, LASS2, in the human bladder carcinoma cell lines BIU-87, T24, EJ and EJ-M3. Exp Ther Med 2013; 5:942-946. [PMID: 23407876 PMCID: PMC3570257 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Homo sapiens longevity assurance homolog 2 of yeast LAG1 (LASS2), a metastasis suppressor gene of human cancer, is the most abundantly expressed member of the ceramide synthase gene family. Expression of LASS2 has been reported in carcinomas of the prostate, liver and breast. However, there has been no report on the expression of LASS2 in human bladder cancer cell lines. In order to investigate the expression and potential role of this new tumor metastasis supressor gene in human bladder cancer, we compared the proliferation, metastasis and invasion among the BIU-87, T24, EJ and EJ-M3 human bladder cancer cell lines. The mRNA expression levels of the LASS2 gene were examined using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). The expression levels of LASS1 and LASS3 mRNA were used as references. The protein expression level of the LASS2 gene was detected using western blotting. The most aggressive of these four human cancer cell lines was observed to be EJ-M3. The expression of LASS2 mRNA was significantly correlated with diverse proliferation, metastasis and invasion. The expression levels of LASS1 and LASS3 mRNA were not correlated with these parameters. At the protein level, we observed that the more aggressive the cancer cell line, the lower the LASS2 protein expression level. Therefore, LASS2 expression may be correlated with the development and progression of human bladder cancer and may be a prognostic indicator for this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Zhao
- Department of Gynaecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Institute of Urology, Kunming 650101, P.R. China
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