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Sánchez-Marín D, Silva-Cázares MB, Porras-Reyes FI, García-Román R, Campos-Parra AD. Breaking paradigms: Long non-coding RNAs forming gene fusions with potential implications in cancer. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101136. [PMID: 38292185 PMCID: PMC10825296 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.101136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-coding RNAs longer than 200 nucleotides with dynamic regulatory functions. They interact with a wide range of molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins to modulate diverse cellular functions through several mechanisms and, if deregulated, they can lead to cancer development and progression. Recently, it has been described that lncRNAs are susceptible to form gene fusions with mRNAs or other lncRNAs, breaking the paradigm of gene fusions consisting mainly of protein-coding genes. However, their biological significance in the tumor phenotype is still uncertain. Therefore, their recent identification opens a new line of research to study their biological role in tumorigenesis, and their potential as biomarkers with clinical relevance or as therapeutic targets. The present study aimed to review the lncRNA fusions identified so far and to know which of them have been associated with a potential function. We address the current challenges to deepen their study as well as the reasons why they represent a future therapeutic window in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sánchez-Marín
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, C.P. 04360, México
| | - Macrina Beatriz Silva-Cázares
- Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Región Altiplano, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí (UASLP), Carretera a Cedral Km 5+600, Ejido San José de la Trojes, Matehuala, San Luis Potosí, C.P. 78760, México
| | - Fany Iris Porras-Reyes
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Niño Jesús, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, C.P. 14080, México
| | - Rebeca García-Román
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana (UV), Av. Dr Luis, Dr. Castelazo Ayala s/n, Col. Industrial Ánimas, Xalapa, Veracruz, C.P. 91190, México
| | - Alma D. Campos-Parra
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana (UV), Av. Dr Luis, Dr. Castelazo Ayala s/n, Col. Industrial Ánimas, Xalapa, Veracruz, C.P. 91190, México
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Lei Y, Lei Y, Shi X, Wang J. EML4‑ALK fusion gene in non‑small cell lung cancer (Review). Oncol Lett 2022; 24:277. [PMID: 35928804 PMCID: PMC9344266 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a malignant tumor with a high morbidity and mortality rate that is a threat to human health. With the development of molecular targeted research, breakthroughs have been made on the molecular mechanism of lung cancer. The echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EML4-ALK) fusion gene is one of the most important pathogenic driver genes of NSCLC discovered thus far. Four generations of targeted drugs for EML4-ALK have been developed, with patients benefiting significantly from these drugs. Therefore, EML4-ALK has become a research hotspot in NSCLC. The aim of the present study is to introduce the current research progress of EML4-ALK and its association with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lei
- Department of Pathology, Qianjiang Central Hospital, Qianjiang, Hubei 433100, P.R. China
| | - Yan Lei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qianjiang Central Hospital, Qianjiang, Hubei 433100, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Shi
- Department of Pathology, Qianjiang Central Hospital, Qianjiang, Hubei 433100, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Qianjiang Central Hospital, Qianjiang, Hubei 433100, P.R. China
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Giroux Leprieur E, Wislez M. [Crizotinib: At last in first-line treatment of advanced-stage ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer]. Bull Cancer 2016; 103:125-6. [PMID: 26822904 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Giroux Leprieur
- AP-HP, hôpital Ambroise-Paré, service de pneumologie et oncologie thoracique, 9, avenue Charles-de-Gaulle, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, laboratoire EA4340, biomarqueurs en cancérologie et onco-hématologie, 9, avenue Charles-de-Gaulle, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Marie Wislez
- AP-HP, hôpital Tenon, service de pneumologie, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France; Sorbonne universités, UPMC université Paris 06, GRC n(o) 04, Theranoscan, 75252 Paris, France.
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Giroux Leprieur E, Fallet V, Wislez M. [Modalities of use of ceritinib (Zykadia™), a 2nd generation ALK inhibitor, in advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer]. Bull Cancer 2015; 102:1053-7. [PMID: 26597476 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Around 4% of advanced non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) harbor a ALK rearrangement, with high sensitivity to ALK inhibitor as crizotinib. However, the vast majority of these tumors end with a tumor progression after several months of treatment with crizotinib. Ceritinib is a 2nd generation ALK inhibitor, which showed high efficiency in NSCLC with ALK rearrangement. Results from phase I trial showed a response rate at 58% in these tumors, with a similar rate for previously crizotinib-treated patients or crizotinib-naïve patients. Moreover, cerebral responses were observed with ceritinib. Preliminary date from a phase 2 trial confirmed these results. These promising results allowed a European marketing authorization (autorisation de mise sur le marché [AMM]) since May 2015 for the treatment of advanced NSCLC with ALK rearrangement and resistance or intolerance to crizotinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Giroux Leprieur
- AP-HP, hôpital Ambroise-Paré, service de pneumologie et oncologie thoracique, 9, avenue Charles-de-Gaulle, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; Université Versailles - Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, laboratoire EA4340, biomarqueurs en cancérologie et onco-hématologie, 9, avenue Charles-de-Gaulle, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Vincent Fallet
- Groupe hospitalier Paris - Saint-Joseph, service de pneumologie, 185, rue Raymond-Losserand, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Marie Wislez
- AP-HP, hôpital Tenon, service de pneumologie, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France; UPMC université Paris 06, GRC n(o) 04, Theranoscan, Sorbonne universités, 75252 Paris, France.
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Slavik T, Asselah F, Fakhruddin N, El Khodary A, Torjman F, Anis E, Quinn M, Khankan A, Kerr KM. Diagnosis and Predictive Molecular Analysis of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer in the Africa-Middle East Region: Challenges and Strategies for Improvement. Clin Lung Cancer 2014; 15:398-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Cagle PT, Allen TC. Lung cancer genotype-based therapy and predictive biomarkers: present and future. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2013. [PMID: 23194040 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2012-0508-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The advent of genotype-based therapy and predictive biomarkers for lung cancer has thrust the pathologist into the front lines of precision medicine for this deadly disease. OBJECTIVE To provide the clinical background, current status, and future perspectives of molecular targeted therapy for lung cancer patients, including the pivotal participation of the pathologist. DATA SOURCES Data were obtained from review of the pertinent peer-reviewed literature. CONCLUSIONS First-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors have produced clinical response in a limited number of non-small cell lung cancers demonstrated to have activating mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor or anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangements with fusion partners. Patients treated with first-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors develop acquired resistance to their therapy. Ongoing investigations of second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors and new druggable targets as well as the development of next-generation genotyping and new antibodies for immunohistochemistry promise to significantly expand the pathologist's already crucial role in precision medicine of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip T Cagle
- Department of Pathology & Genomic Medicine, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.
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