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Recent advance of ACE2 and microbiota dysfunction in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07548. [PMID: 34296023 PMCID: PMC8270732 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and has become the world's most pressing public health threat. Although not as common as respiratory symptoms, a substantial proportion of patients with COVID-19 presented the gastrointestinal symptoms. ACE2, as the receptor of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, is highly expressed in the epithelia of the epithelium cells in lung and intestine. In addition, ACE2 is essential for the innate immunity, amino acid transportation and the homeostasis of intestinal microecology. The composition of gut microbiota in COVID-19 patients was altered and concordant with inflammatory, which may explain the gastrointestinal symptoms in patients. Here we reviewed and discussed the evolving role for ACE2 and gut microbiota in SARS-CoV-2 infection which might provide innovative approaches to targeting ACE2 and gut microbiota for the COVID-19 therapy.
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Li L, Guo P, Zhang X, Yu Z, Zhang W, Sun H. SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates in rapid development. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 17:644-653. [PMID: 33121319 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1804777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still spreading globally. The scientific community is attempting to procure an effective treatment and prevention strategy for COVID-19. A rising number of vaccines for COVID-19 are being developed at an unprecedented speed. Development platforms include traditional inactivated or live attenuated virus vaccines, DNA or RNA vaccines, recombinant viral vector vaccines, and protein or peptide subunit vaccines. There are 23 vaccines in the clinical evaluation stage and at least 140 candidate vaccines in preclinical evaluation. In this review, we describe research regarding basic knowledge on the virus, updates on the animal models, current landscape of vaccines in clinical evaluation and updated research results on vaccine development. Safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Li
- Henan Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center for Children, Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Departments of Neonatology, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pengbo Guo
- Henan Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center for Children, Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoman Zhang
- Henan Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center for Children, Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhidan Yu
- Henan Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center for Children, Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wancun Zhang
- Henan Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center for Children, Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huiqing Sun
- Departments of Neonatology, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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