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Urošević M, Nikolić L, Gajić I, Nikolić V, Dinić A, Miljković V. Curcumin: Biological Activities and Modern Pharmaceutical Forms. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020135. [PMID: 35203738 PMCID: PMC8868220 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (1,7-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione) is a natural lipophilic polyphenol that exhibits significant pharmacological effects in vitro and in vivo through various mechanisms of action. Numerous studies have identified and characterised the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and clinical properties of curcumin. Curcumin has an anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antinociceptive, antiparasitic, antimalarial effect, and it is used as a wound-healing agent. However, poor curcumin absorption in the small intestine, fast metabolism, and fast systemic elimination cause poor bioavailability of curcumin in human beings. In order to overcome these problems, a number of curcumin formulations have been developed. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of recent research in biological and pharmaceutical aspects of curcumin, methods of sample preparation for its isolation (Soxhlet extraction, ultrasound extraction, pressurised fluid extraction, microwave extraction, enzyme-assisted aided extraction), analytical methods (FTIR, NIR, FT-Raman, UV-VIS, NMR, XRD, DSC, TLC, HPLC, HPTLC, LC-MS, UPLC/Q-TOF-MS) for identification and quantification of curcumin in different matrices, and different techniques for developing formulations. The optimal sample preparation and use of an appropriate analytical method will significantly improve the evaluation of formulations and the biological activity of curcumin.
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Effects of Curcumin and Its Different Formulations in Preclinical and Clinical Studies of Peripheral Neuropathic and Postoperative Pain: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094666. [PMID: 33925121 PMCID: PMC8125634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lesion or disease of the somatosensory system leads to the development of neuropathic pain. Peripheral neuropathic pain encompasses damage or injury of the peripheral nervous system. On the other hand, 10–15% of individuals suffer from acute postoperative pain followed by persistent pain after undergoing surgeries. Antidepressants, anticonvulsants, baclofen, and clonidine are used to treat peripheral neuropathy, whereas opioids are used to treat postoperative pain. The negative effects associated with these drugs emphasize the search for alternative therapeutics with better efficacy and fewer side effects. Curcumin, a polyphenol isolated from the roots of Curcuma longa, possesses antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, the low bioavailability and fast metabolism of curcumin have led to the advent of various curcumin formulations. The present review provides a comprehensive analysis on the effects of curcumin and its formulations in preclinical and clinical studies of neuropathic and postoperative pain. Based on the positive outcomes from both preclinical and clinical studies, curcumin holds the promise of mitigating or preventing neuropathic and postoperative pain conditions. However, more clinical studies with improved curcumin formulations are required to involve its use as adjuvant to neuropathic and postoperative drugs.
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Dias Quintão JL, Reis Gonzaga AC, Galdino G, Lima Romero TR, Silva J, Lemos V, Campolina-Silva GH, Aparecida de Oliveira C, Bohórquez Mahecha G, Gama Duarte I. TNF-α, CXCL-1 and IL-1 β as activators of the opioid system involved in peripheral analgesic control in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 896:173900. [PMID: 33545158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tissue injury results in the release of inflammatory mediators, including a cascade of nociceptive substances, which contribute to development of hyperalgesia. In addition, during this process endogenous analgesic substances are also peripherally released with the aim of controlling the hyperalgesia. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate whether inflammatory mediators TNF-α, IL-1β, CXCL1, norepinephrine (NE) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) may be involved in the deflagration of peripheral endogenous modulation of inflammatory pain by activation of the opioid system. Thus, male Swiss mice and the paw withdrawal test were used. All substances were injected by the intraplantar route. Carrageenan, TNF-α, CXCL-1, IL1-β, NE and PGE2 induced hyperalgesia. Selectives μ (clocinamox), δ (naltrindole) and κ (norbinaltorphimine, nor-BNI) and non-selective (naloxone) opioid receptor antagonists potentiated the hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan, TNF-α, CXCL-1 and IL1-β. In contrast, when the enzyme N-aminopeptidase involved in the degradation of endogenous opioid peptides was inhibited by bestatin, the hyperalgesia was significantly reduced. In addition, the western blotting assay indicated that the expression of the opioid δ receptor was increased after intraplantar injection of carrageenan. The data obtained in this work corroborate the hypothesis that TNF-α, CXCL-1 and IL-β cause, in addition to hyperalgesia, the release of endogenous substances such as opioid peptides, which in turn exert endogenous control over peripheral inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayane Laís Dias Quintão
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31.270-100, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Amanda Cristina Reis Gonzaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31.270-100, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Giovane Galdino
- Motricity Sciences Institute, Federal University of Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thiago Roberto Lima Romero
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31.270-100, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - JosianeFernandes Silva
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31.270-100, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - VirgíniaSoares Lemos
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31.270-100, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Henrique Campolina-Silva
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31.270-100, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cleida Aparecida de Oliveira
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31.270-100, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - GermánArturo Bohórquez Mahecha
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31.270-100, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - IgorDimitri Gama Duarte
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31.270-100, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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