1
|
Lee J, Lee JM, Shim YH, Cho JG, Lee J, Lim JY, Chang CH. A randomized comparison of three intubation techniques/tube materials for nasotracheal intubation. Can J Anaesth 2024; 71:978-986. [PMID: 38548948 DOI: 10.1007/s12630-024-02743-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We sought to compare three intubation methods using different intubation techniques/tube materials for tube advancement from the nasal cavity into the oral cavity during nasotracheal intubation. METHODS We conducted a randomized clinical trial with adult patients scheduled to undergo elective surgery requiring nasotracheal intubation for general anesthesia. Participants were randomly allocated to a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tube group (group P), PVC tube attached to a rubber catheter group (group PR), or velvet-soft PVC tube group (group V). Tracheal intubation was then performed based on group allocation. The primary outcome was the first-attempt success rate of tube advancement into the oral cavity; secondary outcomes included the time required for tube advancement into the oral cavity, total intubation time, and the incidence of epistaxis. RESULTS A total of 149 patients were included in the study. The first-attempt success rate in group V (90%) was significantly higher than that in group P (58%) (odds ratio, 6.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2 to 19.2), but similar to that in group PR (100%). The mean (standard deviation) time required for tube advancement into the oral cavity was significantly shorter in group V (16 [13] sec) than in group PR [40 (10) sec; 95% CI of mean difference, 17 to 30] and group P (26 [16] sec; 95% CI of mean difference, 3 to 16). Total intubation time was longest in group PR. Epistaxis occurred the least in group V. CONCLUSIONS Among the three intubation techniques/tube materials for nasotracheal intubation, the velvet-soft PVC tube provided the highest first-attempt success rate, most expeditious advancement into the oral cavity, and lowest incidence of epistaxis. STUDY REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04695444); first submitted 30 December 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Man Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yon Hee Shim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joung Goo Cho
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yol Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Ho Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, 211, Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim J, Jeon S. Nasotracheal intubation in pediatrics: a narrative review. J Dent Anesth Pain Med 2024; 24:81-90. [PMID: 38584754 PMCID: PMC10995536 DOI: 10.17245/jdapm.2024.24.2.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Nasotracheal intubation (NTI) plays an important role in pediatric airway management, offering advantages in specific situations, such as oral and maxillofacial surgery and situations requiring stable tube positioning. However, compared to adults, NTI in children presents unique challenges owing to anatomical differences and limited space. This limited space, in combination with a large tongue and short mandible, along with large tonsils and adenoids, can complicate intubation. Owing to the short tracheal length in pediatric patients, it is crucial to place the tube at the correct depth to prevent it from being displaced due to neck movements, and causing injury to the glottis. The equipment used for NTI includes different tube types, direct laryngoscopy vs. video laryngoscopy, and fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Considering pediatric anatomy, the advantages of video laryngoscopy have been questioned. Studies comparing different techniques have provided insights into their efficacy. Determining the appropriate size and depth of nasotracheal tubes for pediatric patients remains a challenge. Various formulas based on age, weight, and height have been explored, including the recommendation of depth-mark-based NTI. This review provides a comprehensive overview of NTI in pediatric patients, including the relevant anatomy, equipment, clinical judgment, and possible complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Kim
- National Dental Care Center for Persons with Special Needs, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyoung Jeon
- National Dental Care Center for Persons with Special Needs, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Saini N, Reddy A, Hebbar C, Chauhan R, Singh N. Improving the conduit for nasal intubation-The patient's little finger. Paediatr Anaesth 2024; 34:92-93. [PMID: 37787468 DOI: 10.1111/pan.14777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nipun Saini
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashwini Reddy
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Chetan Hebbar
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajeev Chauhan
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nidhi Singh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Lucknow, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Talbot NC, Luther PM, Spillers NJ, Alexander SJ, Saus AJ, Jeha GM, Rogers LN, Varrassi G, Ahmadzadeh S, Shekoohi S, Cornett EM, Kaye AD. Experimental Analysis of the Efficiency and Usability of Tylke Versus Magill Forceps. Cureus 2023; 15:e48857. [PMID: 38106711 PMCID: PMC10722340 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The procedure of nasotracheal intubation (NI) has long been performed utilizing the Magill forceps as developed by Sir Ivan Magill in the 1920s. While used for nearly a century, several serious patient safety concerns remain including torn tube cuffs, vocal cord trauma, and inefficient tube placement. The Tylke forceps have been developed as a modification to the largely unchanged form of Magill forceps. METHODS In the present investigation we compared the efficacy, number of clasps, and muscle activation involved in NI using the Tylke forceps versus the Magill forceps in previously untrained individuals. RESULTS Tylke forceps showed faster successful NI over the standard Magill forceps at an average intubation time of 6.54s vs. 13.73s, respectively. Tylke forceps also had fewer clasps per intubation over the Magill. The trapezius, deltoid, and brachioradialis muscle activation was also compared in Tylke vs Magill forceps intubation trials. Tylke forceps required less lower muscle activation in the brachioradialis and trapezius over the Magill forceps with Tylke forceps resulting in higher deltoid muscle activation. CONCLUSION Tylke forceps were more efficacious and reduced the number of clasps over the Magill forceps when used in successful NI with different muscle activation patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norris C Talbot
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Patrick M Luther
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Noah J Spillers
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Steven J Alexander
- Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Arthur J Saus
- Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - George M Jeha
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA
| | - Laine N Rogers
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | | | - Shahab Ahmadzadeh
- Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Sahar Shekoohi
- Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Elyse M Cornett
- Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Alan D Kaye
- Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen S, Fu X, Yu R, Zhao H. Blood scab caused airway obstruction - Postoperative care also needs to be considered as a complication. Asian J Surg 2023; 46:4422-4424. [PMID: 37188590 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041, China; West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xing Fu
- Department of Urology, Xinjin District People's Hospital, Chengdu, 611430, China
| | - Rong Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041, China; West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Huiling Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041, China; West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Izzi A, Marchello V, Manuali A, Cassano L, Di Francesco A, Mastromatteo A, Recchia A, Tonti MP, D’Onofrio G, Del Gaudio A. Perioperative Management of a Pediatric Patient with Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome Undergoing a Partial Glossectomy According to Egyedi/Obwegeser. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1467. [PMID: 37761428 PMCID: PMC10529883 DOI: 10.3390/children10091467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report the perioperative management of a clinical case of a 6 year, 5 month old girl suffering from Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome undergoing a partial glossectomy procedure in a patient with surgical indication for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), difficulty swallowing, feeding, and speech. On surgery day, Clonidine (4 µg/kg) was administered. Following this, a general anesthesia induction was performed by administering Sevoflurane, Fentanyl, continuous intravenous Remifentanil, and lidocaine to the vocal cords, and a rhinotracheal intubation with a size 4.5 tube was carried out. Before starting the procedure, a block of the Lingual Nerve was performed with Levobupivacaine. Analgosedation was maintained with 3% Sevoflurane in air and oxygen (FiO2 of 40%) and Remifentanil in continuous intravenous infusion at a rate of 0.08-0.15 µg/kg/min. The surgical procedure lasted 2 h and 32 min. At the end of the surgery, the patient was under close observation during the first 72 h. In the pediatric patient with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome submitted to major maxillofacial surgery, the difficulty in managing the airways in the preoperative phase during intubation and in the post-operative phase during extubation should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Izzi
- UOC of Anesthesia and Resuscitation II, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy; (A.I.); (V.M.); (A.M.); (A.R.); (M.P.T.); (A.D.G.)
| | - Vincenzo Marchello
- UOC of Anesthesia and Resuscitation II, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy; (A.I.); (V.M.); (A.M.); (A.R.); (M.P.T.); (A.D.G.)
| | - Aldo Manuali
- UOC of Anesthesia and Resuscitation II, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy; (A.I.); (V.M.); (A.M.); (A.R.); (M.P.T.); (A.D.G.)
| | - Lazzaro Cassano
- UOC of Maxillofacial Surgery and Otolaryngology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy; (L.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrea Di Francesco
- UOS of Pediatric Maxillofacial Surgery, ASST Lariana, San Fermo della Battaglia, 22020 Como, Italy;
| | - Annalisa Mastromatteo
- UOC of Maxillofacial Surgery and Otolaryngology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy; (L.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Andreaserena Recchia
- UOC of Anesthesia and Resuscitation II, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy; (A.I.); (V.M.); (A.M.); (A.R.); (M.P.T.); (A.D.G.)
| | - Maria Pia Tonti
- UOC of Anesthesia and Resuscitation II, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy; (A.I.); (V.M.); (A.M.); (A.R.); (M.P.T.); (A.D.G.)
| | - Grazia D’Onofrio
- Health Department, Clinical Psychology Service, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy
| | - Alfredo Del Gaudio
- UOC of Anesthesia and Resuscitation II, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy; (A.I.); (V.M.); (A.M.); (A.R.); (M.P.T.); (A.D.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Smiljanić I, Knežević P, Milić M, Tarle M, Lauš P, Jurišić I. IS SURGICAL TREATMENT OF VELOPHARYNGEAL INSUFFICIENCY BY MYOMUCOSAL POSTERIOR PHARYNGEAL FLAP A CONTRAINDICATION FOR NASAL INTUBATION? A NARRATIVE REVIEW. Acta Clin Croat 2023; 62:91-98. [PMID: 38746620 PMCID: PMC11090225 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2023.62.s1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Velopharyngeal insufficiency is a disorder where the soft palate directs the air through the nose. It is often present in patients with previous cleft or short palate, but also in many other conditions. Symptoms are primarily to be found in speech, with very distinct nasal sound. After clinical evaluation and nasal endoscopy, surgery is considered. Several surgical techniques are in use, with posterior pharyngeal flap pharyngoplasty being most widely used. This method leaves the base of the posterior pharyngeal flap attached to the posterior pharyngeal wall, with two lateral ports on each side of the flap. Permanent nasopharyngeal obstruction is a very challenging pathology for anesthesiologists in case of mandatory nasal intubation since it is a relative contraindication for nasal intubation. Patients with previous palatoplasty will regularly appear in our routine anesthetic practice, in all surgical segments. The high risk of damage to the flap with possible bleeding can put the anesthesiologist in a very unpleasant situation if not aware of the permanent effect of this surgery. During preanesthetic assessment, if there is information on a previous pharyngoplasty, one should consider alternative options for nasotracheal intubation. All nasal insertion procedures must be either avoided or carried out with great caution, under fiberoptic visual control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iva Smiljanić
- Department of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care Medicine, Dubrava University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Predrag Knežević
- Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Dubrava University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Morena Milić
- Department of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care Medicine, Dubrava University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
- Dubrovnik University, Dubrovnik, Croatia
| | - Marko Tarle
- Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Dubrava University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Perislav Lauš
- Department of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care Medicine, Dubrava University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivo Jurišić
- Department of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care Medicine, Dubrava University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim J, Jang EA, Kang D, Moon S, Bae HB. Comparison of the Nasal Cavity Guidance Methods' Effects during Nasotracheal Intubation Using a Preformed Nasotracheal Tube: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4503. [PMID: 36901515 PMCID: PMC10002088 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nasotracheal intubation is mainly performed to provide a safe airway during maxillofacial surgeries. Several guiding devices are suggested to facilitate nasotracheal intubation and reduce complications. We attempted to compare intubation conditions during nasotracheal intubation using a nasogastric tube and a suction catheter, which are readily available in operating rooms. In this study, 114 patients undergoing maxillofacial surgery were randomly divided into the nasogastric tube guidance group (NG group) and the suction catheter guidance group (SC group). The primary outcome was the total intubation time. Moreover, the incidence and degree of epistaxis, the position of the tube in the nasal cavity after intubation, and the number of manipulations during intubation in the nasal cavity were investigated. The insertion time from the nostril to the oral cavity and the total intubation time were significantly shorter in the SC group than in the NG group (p < 0.001). The incidence of epistaxis was lower at 35.1% in the NG group and 43.9% in the SC group than the previously reported 60-80%, but there was no statistical difference between the two groups. The use of a suction catheter aid during nasotracheal intubation can be used effectively because it shortens the intubation time and does not increase complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joungmin Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-A Jang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonho Moon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Beom Bae
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
McDowell BJ, Sharma S. Telescoping Nasal Intubation for Carotid Endarterectomy: A Case Series. A A Pract 2023; 17:e01657. [PMID: 36706162 DOI: 10.1213/xaa.0000000000001657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Systemic anticoagulation is a relative contraindication for performing nasal intubation due to the risk of hazardous bleeding. However, nasal intubation may sometimes be the only way to facilitate surgical exposure. There are currently no recommendations in the literature to safely perform nasal intubation in anticoagulated patients. This case series describes 4 patients, all receiving systemic anticoagulation for carotid endarterectomy, who received nasal intubation using a telescoping approach. None of them had any epistaxis. Telescoping the endotracheal tube using a red rubber catheter may be an effective and safe method for nasal intubation when there is a high risk of epistaxis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany J McDowell
- From the Mountain West Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, Utah
| | - Sonal Sharma
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Williams KAD, Tariq M, Acharekar MV, Guerrero Saldivia SE, Unnikrishnan S, Chavarria YY, Akindele AO, Jalkh AP, Eastmond AK, Shetty C, Rizvi SMHA, Sharaf J, Mohammed L. Submental Intubation in Maxillofacial Procedures: A More Desired Approach Than Nasotracheal Intubation and Tracheostomy. Cureus 2022; 14:e27475. [PMID: 36060344 PMCID: PMC9421558 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To achieve adequate airway management in maxillofacial procedures, the right intubation technique should be employed. This is because the surgeons and the anesthesiologists will need to work in the same surgical field to ensure a successful procedure. The type of intubation method used can either complicate either's role or pose some difficulties in the surgery itself. Nasotracheal intubation and orotracheal intubation may often be contraindicated in different types of maxillofacial surgeries and due to the complications associated with a tracheostomy, this method is often utilized as a last resort. Submental intubation has become very popular and favored alternative and has been associated with fewer complications. This literature review was conducted to explore the indications, complications, and contraindications of the different intubation methods. Sources were gathered from PubMed Central, PubMed, and Google scholar and included articles published between 2012 and 2022. A mix of literature reviews, case base studies, retrospective studies, prospective studies, and a few systematic reviews were examined. It was found that the use of submental intubation was preferred due to its less invasive nature, minimal intraoperatively and postoperatively complications, and greater patient compliance compared to tracheostomy. In addition, it is the best method when Nasotracheal intubation is contraindicated.
Collapse
|