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Hiroshima Y, Oyama Y, Sawasaki K, Nakamura M, Kimura N, Kawahito K, Fujie H, Sakamoto N. A Compressed Collagen Construct for Studying Endothelial-Smooth Muscle Cell Interaction Under High Shear Stress. Ann Biomed Eng 2022; 50:951-963. [PMID: 35471673 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-022-02972-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The coculture of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) on collagen gels containing smooth muscle cells (SMCs) has been carried out to investigate cellular interactions associated with blood vessel pathophysiology under wall shear stress (WSS) conditions. However, due to a lack of gel stiffness, the previous collagen gel coculture constructs are difficult to use for pathologic higher WSS conditions. Here, we newly constructed a coculture model with centrifugally compressed cell-collagen combined construct (C6), which withstands higher WSS conditions. The elastic modulus of C6 was approximately 6 times higher than that of the uncompressed collagen construct. The level of α-smooth muscle actin, a contractile SMC phenotype marker observed in healthy arteries, was elevated in C6 compared with that of the uncompressed construct, and further increased by exposure to a physiological level WSS of 2 Pa, but not by a pathological level of 20 Pa. WSS conditions of 2 and 20 Pa also induced different expression ratios of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in the C6 coculture model but did not in monocultured ECs and SMCs. The C6 coculture model will be a powerful tool to investigate interactions between ECs and SMCs under pathologically high WSS conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Hiroshima
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Yuki Oyama
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa 1-1, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kaoru Sawasaki
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa 1-1, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Masanori Nakamura
- Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Amanuma 1-847, Omiya, Saitama, 330-834, Japan
| | - Koji Kawahito
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Fujie
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa 1-1, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan.,Research Center for Medicine-Engineering Collaboration, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa 1-1, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa 1-1, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan. .,Research Center for Medicine-Engineering Collaboration, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa 1-1, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan.
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Wang Z, Putra NK, Anzai H, Ohta M. Endothelial Cell Distribution After Flow Exposure With Two Stent Struts Placed in Different Angles. Front Physiol 2022; 12:733547. [PMID: 35095542 PMCID: PMC8793281 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.733547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stent implantation has been a primary treatment for stenosis and other intravascular diseases. However, the struts expansion procedure might cause endothelium lesion and the structure of the struts could disturb the blood flow environment near the wall of the blood vessel. These changes could damage the vascular innermost endothelial cell (EC) layer and pose risks of restenosis and post-deployment thrombosis. This research aims to investigate the effect of flow alterations on EC distribution in the presence of gap between two struts within the parallel flow chamber. To study how the gap presence impacts EC migration and the endothelialization effect on the surface of the struts, two struts were placed with specific orientations and positions on the EC layer in the flow chamber. After a 24-h exposure under wall shear stress (WSS), we observed the EC distribution conditons especially in the gap area. We also conducted computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to calculate the WSS distribution. High EC-concentration areas on the bottom plate corresponded to the high WSS by the presence of gap between the two struts. To find the relation between the WSS and EC distributions on the fluorescence images, WSS condition by CFD simulation could be helpful for the EC distribution. The endothelialization rate, represented by EC density, on the downstream sides of both struts was higher than that on the upstream sides. These observations were made in the flow recirculation at the gap area between two struts. On two side surfaces between the gaps, meaning the downstream at the first and the upstream at the second struts, EC density differences on the downstream surfaces of the first strut were higher than on the upstream surfaces of the second strut. Finally, EC density varied along the struts when the struts were placed at tilted angles. These results indicate that, by the presence of gap between the struts, ECs distribution could be predicted in both perpendicular and tiled positions. And tiled placement affect ECs distribution on the strut side surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Wang
- Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Narendra Kurnia Putra
- Instrumentation and Control Research Group, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Hitomi Anzai
- Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohta
- Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- *Correspondence: Makoto Ohta,
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Ben-Saadon S, Gavriel M, Zaretsky U, Jaffa AJ, Grisaru D, Elad D. Tissue-engineered arterial intima model exposed to steady wall shear stresses. J Biomech 2021; 117:110236. [PMID: 33508722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The arterial intima is continuously under pulsatile wall shear stresses (WSS) imposed by the circulating blood. The knowledge of the contribution of smooth muscle cells (SMC) to the response of endothelial cell (EC) to WSS is still incomplete. We developed a co-culture model of EC on top of SMC that mimics the inner in vivo structure of the arterial intima of large arteries. The co-cultured model, as well as a monolayer model of EC, were developed in custom-designed wells that allowed for mechanobiology experiments. Both the monolayer and co-culture models were exposed to steady flow induced WSS of up to 24 dyne/cm2 and for lengths of 60 min. Quantification of WSS induced alterations in the cytoskeletal actin filaments (F-actin) and vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) junctions were utilized from confocal images and flow cytometry. High confluency of both models was observed even after exposure to the high WSS. The quantitive analysis revealed larger post WSS amounts of EC F-actin polymerization in the monolayer, which may be explained by the relative help of the SMC to resist the external load of WSS. The VE-cadherin demonstrated morphological alterations in the monolayer model, but without significant changes in their content. The SMC in the co-culture maintained their contractile phenotype post high WSS which is more physiological, but not post low WSS. Generally, the results of this work demonstrate the active role of SMC in the intima performance to resist flow induced WSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ben-Saadon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Mark Gavriel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Uri Zaretsky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ariel J Jaffa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dan Grisaru
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - David Elad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel.
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Han X, Sakamoto N, Tomita N, Meng H, Sato M, Ohta M. Influence of TGF-β1 expression in endothelial cells on smooth muscle cell phenotypes and MMP production under shear stress in a co-culture model. Cytotechnology 2019; 71:489-496. [PMID: 30707337 PMCID: PMC6465372 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0268-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, our group has contrasted an endothelial cell-smooth muscle cell (EC-SMC) co-culture model with 3D-cultured SMCs and found that SMCs could respond to high shear stress (SS), which has not been explored before. SMCs were not directly exposed to the flow but were under an EC monolayer; therefore, it is necessary to explore the influence of EC on SMC behaviors under high SS for understanding the mechanism of SMC response to various magnitudes of SS. In the present study, TGF-β1 expression in ECs in an EC-SMC co-culture model was suppressed by an siRNA transfection method. Next, phenotypic changes were observed and MMP-2 and -9 productions were measured in SMCs in the co-culture model after 72-h flow exposure to different SS levels. We confirmed that TGF-β1 expression in ECs could influence SMC phenotypic change under SS conditions and that TGF-β1 expression in ECs could also change MMP-2 production but not MMP-9 production in SMCs under SS conditions in the co-culture model. These results could be useful for understanding the mechanisms of SMC response to SS, particularly for understanding signal transduction emanating from ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Han
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Intelligent Mechanical Systems, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Noriko Tomita
- Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hui Meng
- Toshiba Stroke and Vascular Research Center, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, New York, USA
| | - Masaaki Sato
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohta
- Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan.
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Putra NK, Palar PS, Anzai H, Shimoyama K, Ohta M. Multiobjective design optimization of stent geometry with wall deformation for triangular and rectangular struts. Med Biol Eng Comput 2018; 57:15-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s11517-018-1864-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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