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Cordero-Clavijo LM, Mejía-Valdez D, Antunes-Ricardo M, Lazo-Vélez MA, Guajardo-Flores D. Evaluating sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) oil stability and physicochemical properties: A comparison between conventional extraction and supercritical fluids. Food Chem 2024; 463:141132. [PMID: 39243616 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.141132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effects of two extraction techniques (conventional n-hexane and supercritical CO2) on the oil extraction yields, fatty acids profile, anti-hyaluronidase activity, oxidative stability, and in vitro bioactivities of oils from Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis). Higher oil extraction yield (99 %) was achieved using the SC-CO2, although similar fatty acids profiles were depicted between both treatments (p < 0.05). The SC-CO2 oil presented higher anti-hyaluronidase (31 %) activity, but lower oxidative stability (5.05 h) compared to the solvent extraction (10 %, and 5.3 h, respectively). In vitro assays further revealed that the best human normal colon cells (FHC) cell viability (100 %), anti-inflammatory (50 % lower NO production), and antioxidant (20 % ROS reduction) activities were consistently observed in both extraction treatments at concentrations of 50 μg/mL and higher. These findings highlight the potential of supercritical CO2 extraction in yielding Sacha Inchi oil with enhanced bioactive properties without the disadvantages of the use of organic solvents extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mateo Cordero-Clavijo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; Universidad del Azuay, NutriOmics Research Group: Av. 24 de mayo 7-77 y Hernán Malo, Apartado 01.01.981, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Daniel Mejía-Valdez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Marilena Antunes-Ricardo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Marco A Lazo-Vélez
- Universidad del Azuay, NutriOmics Research Group: Av. 24 de mayo 7-77 y Hernán Malo, Apartado 01.01.981, Cuenca, Ecuador.
| | - Daniel Guajardo-Flores
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
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Wu K, Gong W, Lin S, Huang S, Mu H, Wang M, Sheng J, Zhao C. Regulation of Sacha Inchi protein on fecal metabolism and intestinal microorganisms in mice. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1354486. [PMID: 38524850 PMCID: PMC10959099 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1354486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction With the increasing demand for protein utilization, exploring new protein resources has become a research hotspot. Sacha Inchi Protein (SIP) is a high-quality plant protein extracted from Sacha Inchi meal. This study aimed to investigate the impact of SIP on mouse metabolomics and gut microbiota diversity and explore the underlying pathways responsible for its health benefits. Methods In this study, the structural composition of SIP was investigated, and the effects of SIP on fecal metabolomics and intestinal microorganisms in mice were explored by LC-MS metabolomics technology analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results The results showed that SIP was rich in amino acids, with the highest Manuscript Click here to view linked References content of arginine, which accounted for 22.98% of the total amino acid content; the potential fecal metabolites of mice in the SIP group involved lipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, and amino acid metabolism; SIP altered the microbial composition of the cecum in mice, decreased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes value, and It decreased the abundance of the harmful intestinal bacteria Actinobacteriota and Desulfobacterota, and increased the abundance of the beneficial intestinal bacteria Faecalibaculum, Dubosiella. Discussion In conclusion, SIP is a high-quality plant protein with great potential for development in lipid-lowering, intestinal health, and mental illness, providing valuable clues for further research on its health-promoting mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | | | - Shiyang Lin
- Pu'er Agricultural Science Research Institute, Pu-er, China
| | - Si Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Hongyu Mu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Sheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Plateau Characteristic Agricultural Industry Research Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Province Characteristic Resource Food Biological Manufacturing Engineering Research Center, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Cunchao Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Province Characteristic Resource Food Biological Manufacturing Engineering Research Center, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Kittibunchakul S, Kemsawasd V, Hudthagosol C, Sanporkha P, Sapwarobol S, Suttisansanee U. The Effects of Different Roasting Methods on the Phenolic Contents, Antioxidant Potential, and In Vitro Inhibitory Activities of Sacha Inchi Seeds. Foods 2023; 12:4178. [PMID: 38002234 PMCID: PMC10670140 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Roasted sacha inchi seeds are now commercialized as a health food product, but the influence of roasting methods on their proclaimed health effects has yet to be explored. This study investigated the total phenolic contents (TPCs), antioxidant potential, and inhibitory activities of raw and roasted sacha inchi seeds in vitro. Individual phenolics in raw seeds were also identified in an attempt to explain the bioactivities of the seeds. The results suggested that roasting in a cooking pan, vacuum oven, and tray dryer had distinct impact on TPC in sacha inchi seeds, and thus differentially altered their antioxidant and inhibitory properties. Seeds that underwent roasting exhibited 1.5-2.7-fold higher antioxidant potentials than raw seeds. Certain roasting methods provided the products with anti-α-amylase and anti-cholinesterase activities, while inhibitions of these enzymes were not detected in raw seeds. Roasted seeds also possessed superior anti-lipase and anti-glycation activities when compared with raw seeds (up to 1.7- and 4.8-fold, respectively). The inhibitory properties observed in the seed samples might be attributed to their p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and quercetin, as these potential enzyme inhibitors were predominant in raw seeds. The overall results showed that pan-roasting could be used to obtain relatively high health benefits from the antioxidant and inhibitory activities of sacha inchi seeds. The information obtained from this study may serve as the basis for the proper processing of sacha inchi seeds to optimize their functional food and nutraceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwapat Kittibunchakul
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (S.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Varongsiri Kemsawasd
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (S.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Chatrapa Hudthagosol
- Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (C.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Promluck Sanporkha
- Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (C.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Suwimol Sapwarobol
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Uthaiwan Suttisansanee
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (S.K.); (V.K.)
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Lu WC, Chiu CS, Chan YJ, Mulio AT, Li PH. New perspectives on different Sacha inchi seed oil extractions and its applications in the food and cosmetic industries. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37950645 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2276882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Sacha inchi oil is growing in demand worldwide owing to its high fatty acid content of linolenic acid (44.30%-51.62%) and linoleic acid (34.08%-36.13%). In addition, Sacha inchi oil also contains phytosterols, such as stigmasterols (346- 456 μg/g), sitosterols (435-563 μg/g), and campesterols (10.47% ± 4.36%). Its main tocopherol is gamma-tocopherol (120.41-125.69 mg/100 g). The antinutrients in Sacha inchi seeds can be reduced by roasting prior to extraction. Various extractions, including both conventional and novel methods, have been used to extract Sacha inchi oil. However, the variety of extraction methods and origins of the seeds change the nutrient profiles, antinutrient content, and physicochemical properties. Incorporation of Sacha inchi oil into food products can increase its nutritional value, and it works as a moisturizing agent in cosmetic products. To obtain Sacha inchi oil with the desired properties and nutritional profile, this review summarizes the effects of different Sacha inchi seed oil extraction methods and processes on chemical compounds, antinutrient content, and physicochemical properties, including their potential and recent applications in food and cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chien Lu
- Department of Food and Beverage Management, Chung-Jen Junior College of Nursing, Health Sciences and Management, Chia-Yi City, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Shan Chiu
- Department of Dermatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung city, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Jia Chan
- College of Biotechnology and Bioresources, Da-Yeh University, Changhua county, Taiwan
| | | | - Po-Hsien Li
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung City, Taiwan
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Abd Rahman IZ, Nor Hisam NS, Aminuddin A, Hamid AA, Kumar J, Ugusman A. Evaluating the Potential of Plukenetia volubilis Linneo (Sacha Inchi) in Alleviating Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Mini Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1588. [PMID: 38004453 PMCID: PMC10675584 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Plukenetia volubilis Linneo or Sacha Inchi (SI), a traditional natural remedy indigenous to Peru and Brazil, has garnered global attention due to its exceptional nutritional composition. Its protective effects against various non-communicable diseases, notably cardiovascular disease (CVD), have become a subject of interest in recent research. This comprehensive review summarizes the existing evidence from 15 relevant articles concerning the impact of SI on common CVD risk factors, including dyslipidemia, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. The relevant articles were derived from comprehensive searches on PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science using predefined criteria and keywords related to the topic. Overall, SI demonstrated positive effects in attenuating dyslipidemia, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. The multifaceted mechanisms responsible for the protective effects of SI against these CVD risk factors are primarily attributed to its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. While preclinical studies dominate the current scientific literature on SI, there are limited clinical trials to corroborate these findings. Therefore, future well-designed, large-scale randomized clinical trials are highly recommended to establish the efficacy of SI and determine its optimal dosage, potential drug and food interactions, and practical integration into preventive strategies and dietary interventions for the high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izzat Zulhilmi Abd Rahman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (I.Z.A.R.); (N.S.N.H.); (A.A.H.); (J.K.)
| | - Nur Syahidah Nor Hisam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (I.Z.A.R.); (N.S.N.H.); (A.A.H.); (J.K.)
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Centre for Toxicology & Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Amilia Aminuddin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (I.Z.A.R.); (N.S.N.H.); (A.A.H.); (J.K.)
| | - Adila A. Hamid
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (I.Z.A.R.); (N.S.N.H.); (A.A.H.); (J.K.)
| | - Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (I.Z.A.R.); (N.S.N.H.); (A.A.H.); (J.K.)
| | - Azizah Ugusman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (I.Z.A.R.); (N.S.N.H.); (A.A.H.); (J.K.)
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Tran TPN, Nguyen TT, Tran GB. Anti-Arthritis Effect of Ethanol Extract of Sacha Inchi ( Plukenetia volubilis L.) Leaves Against Complete Freund's Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis Model in Mice. Trop Life Sci Res 2023; 34:237-257. [PMID: 37860100 PMCID: PMC10583854 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2023.34.3.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) is a well-known oleaginous plant used as food source and traditional medicine by indigenous people for a long time. This study was conducted to evaluate anti-arthritis effect of ethanol extract of Sacha inchi leaves and provide scientific evidence to develop the new anti-arthritis remedy from Sacha inchi. Rheumatoid arthritis model was established by injection of complete Freund's adjuvant into right hind footpads of mice and three doses of ethanol extract of Sacha inchi leaves (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight) were used for treatment. The severity of arthritis was evaluated by measuring the ankle diameter and arthritic score, hematological and biochemical parameters (erythrocytes, leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein and rheumatoid factor). The pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, INF-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10) and the histology change of joint were also examined. All three doses of extracts significantly alleviated ankle diameter and arthritic score. Furthermore, the extracts could ameliorate the alternation of inflammatory cytokines as well histological features of CFA-induced mice. The efficacy of extract dose of 300 mg/kg body weight is comparable with reference drug (Mobic, 0.2 mg/kg body weight). This study indicates Sacha inchi leaf extract as the promising remedy for treatment of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Phuong Nhung Tran
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, 12 Nguyen Van Bao Street, Go Vap District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thi-Trang Nguyen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Institute of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, 12 Nguyen Van Bao Street, Go Vap District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Gia-Buu Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, 19, Nguyễn Hữu Thọ, Tân Hưng, Quận 7, Thành phố, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Selected Seeds as Sources of Bioactive Compounds with Diverse Biological Activities. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010187. [PMID: 36615843 PMCID: PMC9823554 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Seeds contain a variety of phytochemicals that exhibit a wide range of biological activities. Plant-derived compounds are often investigated for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic, anti-hypercholesterolemic, anti-hypertensive, anti-platelet, anti-apoptotic, anti-nociceptive, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, hepatoprotective, or neuroprotective properties. In this review, we have described the chemical content and biological activity of seeds from eight selected plant species-blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L.), black raspberry (Rubus coreanus Miq.), grape (Vitis vinifera L.), Moringa oleifera Lam., sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.), Gac (Momordica cochinchinensis Sprenger), hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), and sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L). This review is based on studies identified in electronic databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SCOPUS. Numerous preclinical, and some clinical studies have found that extracts, fractions, oil, flour, proteins, polysaccharides, or purified chemical compounds isolated from the seeds of these plants display promising, health-promoting effects, and could be utilized in drug development, or to make nutraceuticals and functional foods. Despite that, many of these properties have been studied only in vitro, and it's unsure if their effects would be relevant in vivo as well, so there is a need for more animal studies and clinical trials that would help determine if they could be applied in disease prevention or treatment.
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Norhazlindah MF, Jahurul MHA, Norliza M, Shihabul A, Islam S, Nyam KL, Zaidul ISM. Techniques for extraction, characterization, and application of oil from sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) seed: a review. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01663-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Nutritional Comparison of Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) Residue with Edible Seeds and Nuts in Taiwan: A Chromatographic and Spectroscopic Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2022; 2022:9825551. [PMID: 36245564 PMCID: PMC9553689 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9825551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sacha inchi is a source of quality commercial oil in Taiwan. Oil extraction results in sacha inchi residue have not been utilized and not much investigated. Different edible seeds and nuts have different levels of nutrients. This study aims (a) to determine the oil, moisture, ash, protein, carbohydrate, type of fatty acid, resveratrol, and type of sugar in edible seeds and nuts, including sacha inchi residue, and (b) to determine the model to predict the five macronutrients using NIR spectroscopy. The samples used were candlenut, peanut, sesame, sunflower, sacha inchi residue, and black bean. Determination was conducted using NIR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, LC-MS/MS, and HPLC-ELSD. NIR spectroscopy prediction results show that candlenut is rich in oil, and sacha inchi residue is rich in minerals, protein, and moisture. The correct prediction model for oil and moisture is principal component regression, while partial least squares are for ash, protein, and carbohydrates. NMR spectroscopy results showed that all samples were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Sacha inchi residue is rich in omega 3. LC-MS/MS results showed that all samples contained resveratrol, and its highest level was found in sesame. HPLC-ELSD results showed eight types of sugars in the samples. High sucrose was found in sacha inchi residue, sunflower, sesame, and candlenut. The results are expected to provide information on nutrient levels in seeds and nuts to consumers and people who deal with nutrition. Also, results are expected to increase the economic value of sacha inchi residue as a source of diversification of food products in Taiwan.
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Kantrong H, Prasert W, Rodkwan N, Pengpinit W. Influence of Sacha Inchi (
Plukenetia volubilis
L.) Oil and Extrusion Process Parameters on the Quality of Soya Protein‐based Meat Extender: Optimization Approach. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.17140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hataichanok Kantrong
- Institute of Food Research and Product Development Kasetsart University P.O. Box 1043 Kasetsart 10903 Bangkok Thailand
| | - Waraporn Prasert
- Institute of Food Research and Product Development Kasetsart University P.O. Box 1043 Kasetsart 10903 Bangkok Thailand
| | - Natita Rodkwan
- Institute of Food Research and Product Development Kasetsart University P.O. Box 1043 Kasetsart 10903 Bangkok Thailand
| | - Worapol Pengpinit
- Institute of Food Research and Product Development Kasetsart University P.O. Box 1043 Kasetsart 10903 Bangkok Thailand
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Integrated Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis Provides Insight into the Ribosome Inactivating Proteins in Plukenetia volubilis Seeds. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179562. [PMID: 36076961 PMCID: PMC9455912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plukenetia volubilis is a highly promising plant with high nutritional and economic values. In our previous studies, the expression levels of ricin encoded transcripts were the highest in the maturation stage of P. volubilis seeds. The present study investigated the transcriptome and proteome profiles of seeds at two developmental stages (Pv-1 and Pv-2) using RNA-Seq and iTRAQ technologies. A total of 53,224 unigenes and 6026 proteins were identified, with functional enrichment analyses, including GO, KEGG, and KOG annotations. At two development stages of P. volubilis seeds, 8815 unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 4983 unique differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were identified. Omics-based association analysis showed that ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) transcripts had the highest expression and abundance levels in Pv-2, and those DEGs/DAPs of RIPs in the GO category were involved in hydrolase activity. Furthermore, 21 RIP genes and their corresponding amino acid sequences were obtained from libraries produced with transcriptome analysis. The analysis of physicochemical properties showed that 21 RIPs of P. volubilis contained ricin, the ricin_B_lectin domain, or RIP domains and could be divided into three subfamilies, with the largest number for type II RIPs. The expression patterns of 10 RIP genes indicated that they were mostly highly expressed in Pv-2 and 4 transcripts encoding ricin_B_like lectins had very low expression levels during the seed development of P. volubilis. This finding would represent valuable evidence for the safety of oil production from P. volubilis for human consumption. It is also notable that the expression level of the Unigene0030485 encoding type I RIP was the highest in roots, which would be related to the antiviral activity of RIPs. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the physicochemical properties and expression patterns of RIPs in different organs of P. volubilis and lays a theoretical foundation for further research and utilization of RIPs in P. volubilis.
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Effects of Maturity and Thermal Treatment on Phenolic Profiles and In Vitro Health-Related Properties of Sacha Inchi Leaves. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11111515. [PMID: 35684288 PMCID: PMC9182973 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) has been adopted as a novel economic crop with well-studied nutritional and bioactive benefits for human health. Sacha inchi seeds and oil have high commercial value but scant research has focused on its leaves. This study investigated and compared phenolic compositions, antioxidant potentials and in vitro health-related properties of both young and mature sacha inchi leaves after freeze-drying and oven-drying processes. Results showed that p-coumaric acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid and gallic acid were predominantly detected in both young and mature leaves that also exhibited similar total phenolic contents (TPCs), while higher TPCs were detected in freeze-dried than in oven-dried leaves. Mature leaves exhibited higher antioxidant potential than young leaves after freeze-drying, while the opposite results were observed for oven-drying. Overall in vitro health-related activities were higher in mature leaves compared to young leaves regardless of the drying process. Knowledge gained from this study can be used to encourage prospective utilization of sacha inchi leaves as a source of health-promoting compounds. This, in turn, will increase the commercial value of the leaves and provide a wider market variety of sacha inchi products.
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Effects of dietary sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) oil and medicinal plant powder supplementation on growth performance, carcass traits, and breast meat quality of colored broiler chickens raised in Vietnam. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:87. [PMID: 35122524 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02994-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of replacing dietary soybean oil (SBO) with sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) oil (SIO) supplemented or not with medicinal plant powder (MP, 60% cinnamon twig, and 40% star anise fruits) on broiler performance, carcass traits, and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) content of breast meat. A total of 288 Ho × Luong Phuong broiler chickens (age and average body weight: 6 weeks old and 877 ± 13.4 g) were equally divided into three groups (6 replicates of 16 birds each), balanced by BW and sex. Each group was randomly allocated to one of three dietary treatments: a 2% SBO diet (CON), a 2% SIO diet (SI), and a diet supplemented with 2% SIO and 1% MP (SIM). The experiment lasted for 70 days. Broiler performance, carcass traits, and technological meat quality were not affected by the diets (P > 0.05). However, colored broiler chickens fed the SIM diet had increased empty gizzard percentage (P < 0.05) compared to those fed the CON diet. Especially, the n-3 PUFA content of breast meat from broiler chickens fed diets containing SIO was higher than those of birds fed CON diet (P < 0.01). A significant decrease in cholesterol content was observed (P < 0.01) in broilers fed SIM diet compared to those fed CON diet. In conclusion, replacing 2% SBO with 2% SIO and 1% MP supplementation in broiler diets increased n-3 PUFA content and decreased cholesterol content in breast meat, without negative effects on bird performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality. Therefore, a combination of SIO and MP can be used as an effective strategy to ameliorate the meat quality of finishing broiler chickens by enhancing n-3 PUFA content and reducing the cholesterol content of breast meat.
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