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Rodent Models of Audiogenic Epilepsy: Genetic Aspects, Advantages, Current Problems and Perspectives. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112934. [PMID: 36428502 PMCID: PMC9687921 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models of epilepsy are of great importance in epileptology. They are used to study the mechanisms of epileptogenesis, and search for new genes and regulatory pathways involved in the development of epilepsy as well as screening new antiepileptic drugs. Today, many methods of modeling epilepsy in animals are used, including electroconvulsive, pharmacological in intact animals, and genetic, with the predisposition for spontaneous or refractory epileptic seizures. Due to the simplicity of manipulation and universality, genetic models of audiogenic epilepsy in rodents stand out among this diversity. We tried to combine data on the genetics of audiogenic epilepsy in rodents, the relevance of various models of audiogenic epilepsy to certain epileptic syndromes in humans, and the advantages of using of rodent strains predisposed to audiogenic epilepsy in current epileptology.
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Li H, Wang W, Han X, Zhang Y, Dai L, Xu M, Deng J, Ding C, Wang X, Chen C, Yang X, Fang F. Clinical Attributes and Electroencephalogram Analysis of Patients With Varying Alpers' Syndrome Genotypes. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:669516. [PMID: 34690748 PMCID: PMC8526534 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.669516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpers' syndrome is an early inceptive neurodegenerative disorder with a poor prognosis, characterized by developmental regression, intractable epilepsy, and hepatic dysfunction. Candidate genes, such as POLG, PARS2, CARS2, FARS2, NARS2, and GABRB2 are distinguished and registered following research on large cohorts that portray the clinical phenotype in such patients using expanded access to whole-exome sequencing (WES). In this study, we aimed to better understand the electroencephalogram (EEG) characteristics and clinical phenotype of different genotypes of the Alpers' syndrome, which are currently insufficiently studied. We conducted a study on seven patients with Alpers' syndrome who received treatment in Beijing Children's Hospital and had a detailed clinical EEG. Furthermore, a substantial literature search of the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials EMBASE was also conducted, which revealed a total of 22 reported cases between January 2008 to January 2021. We analyzed 29 cases of Alpers' syndrome caused by different gene variants, of which 22 cases were related to POLG gene mutation and 7 cases were related to PARS2, CARS2, FARS2, NARS2, and GABRB2 gene mutation, and found that patients with distinctive pathogenic variants exhibited comparable phenotypes and similar EEG patterns. And we defined EEG characteristics found specifically in Alpers' syndrome. Rhythmic high-amplitude delta with superimposed (poly) spikes (RHADS) is a characteristic EEG finding in the early stages of Alpers' syndrome and is a kind of epileptic phenomenon, which can provide clues for the early diagnosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center For Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Bioland Laboratory Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodi Han
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center For Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center For Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Lifang Dai
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center For Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Manting Xu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center For Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Deng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center For Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Changhong Ding
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center For Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center For Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center For Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Bioland Laboratory Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center For Children's Health, Beijing, China
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Li H, Fang F, Xu M, Liu Z, Zhou J, Wang X, Wang X, Han T. Clinical Assessments and EEG Analyses of Encephalopathies Associated With Dynamin-1 Mutation. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1454. [PMID: 31920647 PMCID: PMC6915043 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epileptic encephalopathy, caused by mutations in the dynamin-1 (DNM1; NM_004408) gene, is a newly identified neurologic disorder in children. Thus far, the full clinical and electroencephalographic features of children with DNM1 mutation-related epileptic encephalopathy have not been established. The aim of this study is to characterize the phenotypic, genetic, and electroencephalographic features of children with DNM1 mutation-related epileptic encephalopathy. Here, we investigated a patient with a novel pathogenic DNM1 variant, who received treatment in Beijing Children's Hospital and had detailed clinical, EEG, and genetic information. Conversely, we performed an extensive literature search in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Chinese BioMedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Database using the term "DNM1" and were able to find 32 cases reported in nine articles (in English) from January 2013 to December 2018. The clinical features of 33 cases with pathogenic DNM1 variants were analyzed and the results showed that patients carrying pathogenic variants in the GTPase or middle domains present with epileptic encephalopathy and severe neurodevelopmental symptoms. Patients carrying pathogenic variants in both domains exhibited comparable phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Manting Xu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Tongli Han
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
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Badalyan OL, Trepilets VM, Trepilets SV. [Clinical experience of using zonisamide in structural focal epilepsy in children with cerebral palsy]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 118:90-97. [PMID: 30698551 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201811810290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of zonisamide as an add-on therapy in structural focal epilepsy in children with cerebral palsy (CP). MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty-four patients (36 boys and 28 girls) with spastic CP and structural focal epilepsy with refractory seizures were followed up. Patients received zonisamide in a dose of 6-8.8 mg/kg/day for ≥6 months. Treatment efficacy was assessed by the reduction of seizures depending on CP form, type of epileptic seizures, combination of zonisamide with other drugs and adverse-effects. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION A reduction of seizures by ≥50% was identified in 60.9% of children, 10.9% showed a better recovery. The best efficacy (35.9%) was demonstrated in the treatment of generalized seizures with focal onset and in the combination with levetiracetam (35.9%). Adverse effects of mild to moderate severity were noted in 26.5% of children. The treatment was discontinued in 7.8%. Therefore, zonisamide is an effective treatment for refractory structural focal epilepsy in children with CP and comorbid pathology, which reduces the frequency of seizures without severe side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- O L Badalyan
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Scientific and Practical Center of Children's Psychoneurology, Department of Health of the City of Moscow, Moscow, Russia
| | - V M Trepilets
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - S V Trepilets
- Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery, Moscow, Russia
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