[Dynamics of the emotional state and physiological parameters of the organism during long-term aqua-thermal impact]

Systematic training in master swimmer athletes increases serum insulin growth factor-1 and decreases myostatin and irisin levels

During ageing, anabolic status is essential to prevent the decrease in quantity and quality of skeletal muscle mass (SMM). Exercise modulates endocrine markers of muscle status. We studied the differences of endocrine markers for muscle status in 62 non-sarcopenic Mexican swimmer adults aged 30-70 y/o, allocated into two groups: the systematic training (ST) group including master athletes with a physical activity level (PAL) >1.6, and the non-systematic training group (NST) composed by subjects with a PAL <1.5. Body composition, diet, biochemical and endocrine markers were analyzed. The ST group showed lower myostatin (MSTN) and irisin (IRI) levels, two strong regulators of SMM. The insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was higher in the ST. This is consistent with most of the evidence in young athletes and resistance training programs, where IGF-1 and IRI seem to play a crucial role in maintaining anabolic status in master athletes.

[The dynamics of hemodynamic, psychophysiological parameters and adaptive potential of men of working age engaged in water-cold hardening]

The article shows the influence of repeated repetition of contrasting temperature effects on hemodynamic, psychophysiological parameters and the adaptive potential of men of working age.

OBJECTIVE

To assess changes of hemodynamic and psychophysiological parameters, as well as the adaptive potential in healthy men of working age under the influence of repeated contrasting temperature exposures, the difference of which is about 70 °C.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Blood pressure, heart rate and Luscher test were measured 20 minutes before and 20 minutes after repeated exposure of contrasting temperature changes (alternation of temperature cycles). The following parameters were calculated: dynamics of pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure, Stroke volume (SV), Cardiac output (CO), the Kerdo vegetative index (KVI). Assessment of adaptive potential (AP) was carried out according to the Baevsky's Stress Index and Robinson index. Also, integral parameters of psychophysiological status were evaluated by the Luscher test.

RESULTS

In the course of the study, it was proved that 20 minutes before repeated contrast temperature exposure, the level of SBP and heart rate was increased (p<0.01), and 20 minutes after the completion of procedures the decrease of SBP level was observed (p<0.05). The CO level before the start of temperature exposure was decreased (p<0.01), and 20 minutes after the finish of the contrasting effects this dynamics was preserved (p<0.01). The AP level before the start of contrasting exposure was 2.79±0.10, and after contrasting exposure it was decreased (p<0.05). The Robinson index (RI) was higher than the established normal values before temperature effects (112.53±6.82), then its decrease was noted (p<0.01). According to Luscher's test, the integral parameters «Heteronomy-autonomy», «Balance of personal properties», «Vegetative coefficient» significantly changed psychophysiological characteristics. The parameter «Total deviation» indicated an average level of unproductive neuropsychic tension (before - 14.71±2.19, after - 14.36±2.26) both before and after repeated temperature exposures. The VIC parameter of the study participants testified to the predominance of parasympathicotonia (before - -2.07±5; after - -7.23±5.62). At the same time, correlations were established only before repeated contrast exposure.

CONCLUSIONS

Repeatedly repeated contrasting temperature effects cause ambiguous reactions of the body. Changes in hemodynamic, psychophysiological parameters and adaptive potential are observed some time before the alternation of cycles of contrasting exposures. Most likely, this reaction of the body is a reaction to the upcoming temperature stress. If the model of stress exposure, when the temperature variation is about 70 °C, occurs regularly and systematically (once a week throughout the entire winter season), in this case, the main recommendation is to control the blood pressure level before the start of contrast exposure as a precautionary measure to prevent the development of adverse cardiovascular reactions.