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Avetisov SE, Rodina ES, Kravchik MV, Kosova JV, Fettser EI, Novikov IA. [Study of the growth temperature of ocular surface microorganisms in norm and in infectious keratitis]. Vestn Oftalmol 2024; 140:34-42. [PMID: 38962977 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma202414003134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Standard bacteriological examinations, which involve culturing microorganisms at 37 °C, are commonly used in clinical practice for diagnosing infectious diseases. However, the growth temperature of microorganisms on the ocular surface (OS) during infectious keratitis (IK) may not coincide with the laboratory standard, which is due to the characteristic features of heat exchange in the eye. PURPOSE This exploratory study examines the distribution and properties of OS microorganisms isolated under different temperature cultivation conditions in patients with IK and healthy volunteers without ophthalmic pathology. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifteen participants were divided into two groups. Group 1 (n=10) consisted of patients with signs of unilateral infectious keratitis, while group 2 (n=5) served as the control group. A novel microbiological method was employed to isolate pure cultures of microorganisms. This method involved cultivating microorganisms at two temperature regimes (37 °C and 24 °C) and subsequently identifying them using biochemical, immunological, and physicochemical techniques, including mass spectrometry. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with lanthanide staining used as the reference method. The temperature status of the ocular surface was assessed using non-contact infrared thermography. RESULTS The study demonstrated the presence of psychrotolerant microorganisms on the ocular surface, which exhibited growth at a relatively low temperature of 24 °C. These psychrotolerant microorganisms were found to be isolated from the ocular surface displaying signs of temperature dysregulation. Among such microorganisms are Acinetobacter lwoffii, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Bacillus licheniformis, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas luteola, Streptococcus spp. CONCLUSION When identifying the causative agent of infectious keratitis, it is crucial to consider the divergence of growth temperature of ocular surface microorganisms. The presence of psychrotolerant microorganisms on the ocular surface, which can effectively grow at room temperature, should be taken into account, especially in cases of temperature dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Avetisov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - E S Rodina
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - M V Kravchik
- Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - J V Kosova
- Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - E I Fettser
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - I A Novikov
- Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
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Safonova TN, Medvedeva ES. [Modern possibilities of studying the composition of meibomian glands secretion]. Vestn Oftalmol 2022; 138:84-89. [PMID: 35234426 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma202213801184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As the main source of various lipids, the meibomian glands are involved in the formation of lipid layer of the tear film and the maintenance of homeostasis of the ocular surface. This process is directly dependent on the chemical composition and thickness of the lipid layer. In addition to lipid components, the meibum also contains various proteins that affect the properties of the tear film. The introduction of various modifications of mass spectrometry into clinical practice is a new diagnostic approach that allows obtaining information about the composition of meibomian glands secretion and tears.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Safonova
- Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
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Leshno A, Stern O, Barkana Y, Kapelushnik N, Singer R, Prat DL, Cohen G, Ben-David G, Abrahami D, Huna-Baron R, Skaat A. Ocular surface temperature differences in glaucoma. Eur J Ophthalmol 2021; 32:1518-1524. [PMID: 34105387 DOI: 10.1177/11206721211023723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accumulating evidence suggests that neuroinflammation and immune response are part of the sequence of pathological events leading to optic nerve damage in glaucoma. Changes in tissue temperature due to inflammation can be measured by thermographic imaging. We investigated the ocular surface temperature (OST) profile of glaucomatous eyes to better understand the pathophysiology of these conditions. METHODS Subjects diagnosed with glaucoma (primary open angle glaucoma [POAG] or pseudo exfoliation glaucoma [PXFG]) treated at the Sam Rothberg Glaucoma Center (11/2019-11/2020.) were recruited. Healthy subjects with no ocular disease served as controls. The Therm-App thermal imaging camera was used for OST acquisition. Room and body temperatures were recorded, and the mean temperatures of the medial cantus, lateral cantus, and cornea were calculated with image processing software. RESULTS Thermographic images were obtained from 52 subjects (52 eyes: 25 POAG and 27 PXFG) and 66 controls (66 eyes). Eyes with glaucoma had a significantly higher OST compared to controls (mean 0.9 ± 0.3°C, p < 0.005). The difference between the two groups remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, intraocular pressure (IOP) and room and body temperatures. Lens status and topical IOP-lowering medication did not significantly affect OST. A subgroup analysis revealed that the OST was higher among eyes with POAG compared to eyes with PXFG, but not significantly. CONCLUSIONS Differences in the OST between glaucomatous and normal eyes strengthens current thinking that inflammation affects the pathophysiology of glaucoma. Longitudinal studies are warranted to establish the prognostic value of thermographic evaluations in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Leshno
- The Sam Rothberg Glaucoma Center, Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,The Sheba Talpiot Medical Leadership Program
| | - Ori Stern
- The Sam Rothberg Glaucoma Center, Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yaniv Barkana
- The Sam Rothberg Glaucoma Center, Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noa Kapelushnik
- The Sam Rothberg Glaucoma Center, Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Reut Singer
- The Sam Rothberg Glaucoma Center, Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daphna Landau Prat
- The Sam Rothberg Glaucoma Center, Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,The Sheba Talpiot Medical Leadership Program
| | - Gal Cohen
- The Sam Rothberg Glaucoma Center, Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gil Ben-David
- The Sam Rothberg Glaucoma Center, Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dor Abrahami
- The Sam Rothberg Glaucoma Center, Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ruth Huna-Baron
- The Sam Rothberg Glaucoma Center, Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alon Skaat
- The Sam Rothberg Glaucoma Center, Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Minatel Riguetto C, Minicucci WJ, Moura Neto A, Tambascia MA, Zantut-Wittmann DE. Value of Infrared Thermography Camera Attached to a Smartphone for Evaluation and Follow-up of Patients with Graves' Ophthalmopathy. Int J Endocrinol 2019; 2019:7065713. [PMID: 31210762 PMCID: PMC6532296 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7065713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is the most common extra-thyroid manifestation of Graves' disease (GD). The Clinical Activity Score (CAS) has been widely used to evaluate GO inflammation severity and response to treatment; however, it is quite subjective. Infrared thermography (IRT) is a portable and low-cost device to evaluate local temperature and assess inflammation. The aim was to evaluate ocular temperature by IRT as an instrument for measuring inflammatory activity in GO and its correlation with CAS. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study involving 136 consecutive GD patients (12 with CAS ≥ 3/7, 62 with CAS < 3 and 62 without apparent GO) with 62 healthy controls. Patients with active ophthalmopathy were prospectively evaluated. Exophthalmometry, CAS, and thermal images from caruncles and upper eyelids were acquired from all subjects. RESULTS All eye areas of thermal evaluation had higher temperatures in GD patients with active ophthalmopathy (caruncles, p<0.0001; upper eyelids, p<0.0001), and it was positively correlated with CAS (r=0.60 and p<0.0001 at caruncles; r=0.58 and p<0.0001 at upper eyelids). No difference in temperature was found between other groups. Patients with active ophthalmopathy were prospectively evaluated after 6 or 12 months of the treatment and a significant difference was found in ophthalmometry (p=0.0188), CAS (p=0.0205), temperature of caruncles (p=0.0120), and upper eyelids (p=0.0066). CONCLUSIONS IRT was an objective and simple tool for evaluation and follow-up of inflammation in GO, allowed evidencing patients with significant inflammatory activity, and had a good correlation with the CAS score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cínthia Minatel Riguetto
- Endocrinology Division, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo 126, 13084-971 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walter José Minicucci
- Endocrinology Division, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo 126, 13084-971 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo Moura Neto
- Endocrinology Division, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo 126, 13084-971 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antonio Tambascia
- Endocrinology Division, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo 126, 13084-971 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Engelbrecht Zantut-Wittmann
- Endocrinology Division, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo 126, 13084-971 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Safonova TN, At'kova EL, Kintyukhina NP, Reznikova LV. [Modern methods of evaluating the morphological and functional state of the eyelids in chronic blepharitis]. Vestn Oftalmol 2018; 134:276-281. [PMID: 30499529 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma2018134051276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The article reviews the literature on methods of evaluating the morphological and functional state of the eyelids in chronic blepharitis. Development of methods continues together with further research on the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Safonova
- Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 11A Rossolimo St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119021
| | - E L At'kova
- Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 11A Rossolimo St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119021
| | - N P Kintyukhina
- Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 11A Rossolimo St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119021
| | - L V Reznikova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Chair of Ophthalmology, 8-2 Malaya Trubetskaya St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
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Respiratory measurement using infrared thermography and respiratory volume monitor during sedation in patients undergoing endoscopic urologic procedures under spinal anesthesia. J Clin Monit Comput 2018; 33:647-656. [PMID: 30426322 DOI: 10.1007/s10877-018-0214-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate changes in respiratory pattern after sedation by simultaneously applying a respiratory volume monitor (ExSpiron1Xi, RVM) and infrared thermography (IRT) to patients undergoing spinal anesthesia during endoscopic urologic surgeries. After spinal anesthesia was performed, the patient was placed in a lithotomy position for surgery. Then, we established the baseline of the RVM, and started monitoring the mouth and nose with the infrared camera. SpO2 was continuously measured throughout these processes. Once the baseline was set, 0.05 mg/kg midazolam was administered for sedation. Apnea was defined as cessation of airflow for ≥ 10 s with respiratory rate of < 6 breaths/min; hypopnea was defined as a decrease in oxygen hemoglobin of > 4%, compared to baseline. We measured the time at which apnea was detected by IRT, the time at which hypopnea was detected by RVM, and the time at which hypoxia was detected by SpO2. Twenty patients (age: 68.9 ± 11.2 years, body mass index: 24.2 ± 2.6 kg/min2) completed the study. Before sedation, the baseline correlation coefficient of respiratory rate detection between RVM and IRT was 0.866. After midazolam administration, apnea was detected in all subjects within the first 5 min by IRT; the median time required to detect apnea was 102.5 [interquartile range (IQR) 25-75%: 80-155] s. Hypopnea was detected in all subjects within the first 5 min by RVM: the median time required to detect hypopnea was 142.5 (IQR 115-185.2) s. The median time required for SpO2 to decrease > 4% from baseline was 160 (IQR 125-205) s. Our results suggest that IRT can be useful for rapid detection of respiratory changes in patients undergoing sedation following spinal anesthesia for endoscopic urologic procedures.
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