[Enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome: etiology, clinical features, diagnostics, and rehabilitation of the patients]

[Clinical significance of radiological methods for diagnosing endolymphatic hydrops in Ménière's disease]

Ménière's disease is a chronic disorder of the inner ear, a permanent sing of which is endolymphatic hydrops. For the diagnosis of Ménière's disease in clinical practice, criteria that are primarily based on the clinical picture. However, instrumental methods for diagnosing Ménière's disease, aimed at identifying endolymphatic hydrops, continue to be developed and improved. Radiation diagnostics contribute significant contribution and aimed at identifying the characteristic signs of Ménière's disease. Recently, it has become possible to visualize endolymphatic hydrops using MRI of the temporal bones. This publication presents an analysis of the current state of this topical aspect of the problem of diagnosing Ménière's disease. The purpose of this review is to conduct a comparative analysis of radiation methods for diagnosing Ménière's disease.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The study included publications in English and Russian found in the PubMed, eLibrary database related to the diagnosis of Meniere's disease.

RESULTS

A comparative analysis of computed tomography of the temporal bones, magnetic resonance imaging of the temporal bones and diagnostic possibilities for detecting signs characteristic of Ménière's disease are presented. The most diagnostically significant method of studying Ménière's disease is identified.

CONCLUSION

MRI of the temporal bones with contrast enhancement is a promising method that can be used to develop an effective treatment algorithm.

[Childhood hearing screening: achievements, difficulties, and possible ways to improve]

Hearing impairment is the most common sensory impairment that is seen among adults and children. The frequency of congenital hearing loss is well-known due to implementation of newborn hearing screening. Hearing may change throughout a lifetime due to different factors and, therefore, the number of hearing impaired children increases with age. Introduction of universal newborn hearing screening has enabled earlier detection of hearing loss including unilateral and minimal disorders. Nevertheless, despite significant progress made in this field, there is still a group of hearing impairments that stay undiagnosed timely. Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorders, late-onset hearing loss, low-frequency and minimal hearing impairment are sometimes missed in newborn hearing screening or they manifest later. These types of hearing disorders are covered in detail in this review as well as possible ways of increasing the effectiveness of early diagnosis.