1
|
Zhang X, Yang L, Wang F, Su Y. Carbon quantum dots for the diagnosis and treatment of ophthalmic diseases. Hum Cell 2024; 37:1336-1346. [PMID: 39093514 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01111-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs), an emerging nanomaterial, are gaining attention in ophthalmological applications due to their distinctive physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. For example, their inherent fluorescent capabilities offer a novel and promising alternative to conventional fluorescent dyes for ocular disease diagnostics. Furthermore, because of the excellent biocompatibility and minimal cytotoxicity, CQDs are well-suited for therapeutic applications. In addition, functionalized CQDs can effectively deliver drugs to the posterior part of the eyeball to inhibit neovascularization. This review details the use of CQDs in the management of ophthalmic diseases, including various retinal diseases, and ocular infections. While still in its initial phases within ophthalmology, the significant potential of CQDs for diagnosing and treating eye conditions is evident.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Harbin Purui Eye Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Ying Su
- Eye Hospital, The first affiliated hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huerta-Aguilar CA, Bazany-Rodríguez IJ, Hansberg-Pastor V, Camacho-Arroyo I, Reyes-Dominguez IA, Cervantes-Avilés PA, Thangarasu P. ZnO-Salen NPs Employed as Chemosensor for Detection of Al 3+ and K + in Aqueous Medium, Developing Human Cell Images. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03913-4. [PMID: 39215912 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03913-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared and characterized by different analytical methods and then they were used to decorate with N, N´-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine (salen) in order to perform as receptor for the metal ions in an aqueous medium. The results show that ZnO-salen selectively detects Al3+ ions in aqueous medium since the intensity of fluorescence has been enhanced significantly. However, the presence of K+ in the medium further intensified the fluorescence emission for the [ZnO-salen-Al3+] system. The above system has been applied to recognize Al3+ and K+ in cells by developing the cell images, for which, the fluorescence image is brightened if a human glioblastoma U251 cell contains [ZnO-salen-Al3+] + K+ ions, consisting of the fluorescence titration. The binding global constant for Al3+ and the subsequent recognition of K+ by ZnO-salen resulted in β2(Al3+) = 6.61 × 103 and β2(K+) = 3.71 × 103 with a detection limit of 36.51 µM for Al3+ and 17.39 µM for K+. In the cell toxicity analysis, the cell viability was over 85% for the ZnO-salen even in the concentration as high as 100 mM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Iván J Bazany-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, CDMX, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Valeria Hansberg-Pastor
- Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, CDMX, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | | | | | - Pandiyan Thangarasu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, CDMX, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kar D, V P, Si S, Panigrahi H, Mishra S. Carbon Dots and Their Polymeric Nanocomposites: Insight into Their Synthesis, Photoluminescence Mechanisms, and Recent Trends in Sensing Applications. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:11050-11080. [PMID: 38497004 PMCID: PMC10938319 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), a novel class of carbon-based nanoparticles, have received a lot of interest recently due to their exceptional mechanical, chemical, and fluorescent properties, as well as their excellent photostability and biocompatibility. CDs' emission properties have already found a variety of potential applications, in which bioimaging and sensing are major highlights. It is widely acknowledged that CDs' fluorescence and surface conditions are closely linked. However, due to the structural complexity of CDs, the specific underlying process of their fluorescence is uncertain and yet to be explained. Because of their low toxicity, robust and wide optical absorption, high chemical stability, rapid transfer characteristics, and ease of modification, CDs have been recognized as promising carbon nanomaterials for a variety of sensing applications. Thus, following such outstanding properties of CDs, they have been mixed and imprinted onto different polymeric components to achieve a highly efficient nanocomposite with improved functional groups and properties. Here, in this review, various approaches and techniques for the preparation of polymer/CDs nanocomposites have been elaborated along with the individual characteristics of CDs. CDs/polymer nanocomposites recently have been highly demanded for sensor applications. The insights from this review are detailed sensor applications of polymer/CDs nanocomposites especially for detection of different chemical and biological analytes such as metal ions, small organic molecules, and several contaminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilip
Kumar Kar
- School of Chemical
Technology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial
Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Praveenkumar V
- Institute of Chemical
Technology (ICT), Indian Oil Campus (IOC), Bhubaneswar, 751013, Odisha, India
| | - Satyabrata Si
- School of Chemical
Technology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial
Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Harekrishna Panigrahi
- School of Chemical
Technology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial
Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Smrutirekha Mishra
- Institute of Chemical
Technology (ICT), Indian Oil Campus (IOC), Bhubaneswar, 751013, Odisha, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rashidi E, Esfandiari N, Ranjbar Z, Alvandi N, Fatahi Z. Designing of a pH-activatable carbon dots as a luminescent nanoprobe for recognizing folate receptor-positive cancer cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:075103. [PMID: 34757959 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac385b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
During recent years, cancer has been recognized as a well-known disorder all over the world. One of the important factors to tackle this problem better than past decades is early diagnosis that takes into practice by state-of-the-art visual equipment for detection cancer cells. Herein, in this research, we synthesized carbon dots with pH-dependent behavior from a green source by hydrothermal method with high quantum yield and blue fluorescence. Folic acid-conjugated carbon dots by an efficient and optimal conjugation method were set upped which determined cancer cells visually. These synthesized and conjugated nanoparticles entered into the cancer cells more comprehensive than normal cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis and could distinguish cancer cells from normal ones by fluorescence imaging. Ultimately, synthesized nanoparticles in this research can be considered as an efficient fluorescent nanoprobe for cancer pre-diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Rashidi
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Esfandiari
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ranjbar
- Institute for Color Science and Technology (ICST), Department of Surface Coatings and Novel Technologies, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikta Alvandi
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Fatahi
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bayda S, Amadio E, Cailotto S, Frión-Herrera Y, Perosa A, Rizzolio F. Carbon dots for cancer nanomedicine: a bright future. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:5183-5221. [PMID: 36132627 PMCID: PMC9419712 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00036e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the main causes of death in the world. Early diagnosis and effective cancer therapies are required to treat this pathology. Traditional therapeutic approaches are limited by lack of specificity and systemic toxicity. In this scenario, nanomaterials could overcome many limitations of conventional approaches by reducing side effects, increasing tumor accumulation and improving the efficacy of drugs. In the past few decades, carbon nanomaterials (i.e., fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and carbon dots) have attracted significant attention of researchers in various scientific fields including biomedicine due to their unique physical/chemical properties and biological compatibility and are among the most promising materials that have already changed and will keep changing human life. Recently, because of their functionalization and stability, carbon nanomaterials have been explored as a novel tool for the delivery of therapeutic cancer drugs. In this review, we present an overview of the development of carbon dot nanomaterials in the nanomedicine field by focusing on their synthesis, and structural and optical properties as well as their imaging, therapy and cargo delivery applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samer Bayda
- Faculty of Sciences, Jinan University Tripoli Lebanon
| | - Emanuele Amadio
- Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice Italy
| | - Simone Cailotto
- Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice Italy
| | - Yahima Frión-Herrera
- Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice Italy
| | - Alvise Perosa
- Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice Italy
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute 33081 Aviano Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rommasi F, Esfandiari N. Liposomal Nanomedicine: Applications for Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2021; 16:95. [PMID: 34032937 PMCID: PMC8149564 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-021-03553-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of cancer, a disease in which rapid and uncontrollable cell growth causes complication and tissue dysfunction, is one of the serious and tense concerns of scientists and physicians. Nowadays, cancer diagnosis and especially its effective treatment have been considered as one of the biggest challenges in health and medicine in the last century. Despite significant advances in drug discovery and delivery, their many adverse effects and inadequate specificity and sensitivity, which usually cause damage to healthy tissues and organs, have been great barriers in using them. Limitation in the duration and amount of these therapeutic agents' administration is also challenging. On the other hand, the incidence of tumor cells that are resistant to typical methods of cancer treatment, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, highlights the intense need for innovation, improvement, and development in antitumor drug properties. Liposomes have been suggested as a suitable candidate for drug delivery and cancer treatment in nanomedicine due to their ability to store drugs with different physical and chemical characteristics. Moreover, the high flexibility and potential of liposome structure for chemical modification by conjugating various polymers, ligands, and molecules is a significant pro for liposomes not only to enhance their pharmacological merits but also to improve the effectiveness of anticancer drugs. Liposomes can increase the sensitivity, specificity, and durability of these anti-malignant cell agents in the body and provide remarkable benefits to be applied in nanomedicines. We reviewed the discovery and development of liposomes focusing on their clinical applications to treat diverse sorts of cancers and diseases. How the properties of liposomal drugs can be improved and their opportunity and challenges for cancer therapy were also considered and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Foad Rommasi
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Esfandiari
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ross S, Wu RS, Wei SC, Ross GM, Chang HT. The analytical and biomedical applications of carbon dots and their future theranostic potential: A review. J Food Drug Anal 2020; 28:677-695. [PMID: 35696139 PMCID: PMC9261808 DOI: 10.38212/2224-6614.1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, carbon dots (C-dots) have gained appreciable interest owing to their unique optical properties, including tunable fluorescence, stability against photobleaching and photoblinking, and strong fluorescence. Simple and low-cost hydrothermal and electrochemical approaches have been widely used in the preparation of biocompatible and high-quality C-dots. Various C-dots have been used for the quantitation of small analytes, mostly based on analyte induced fluorescence quenching. Depending on the nature of precursors, synthetic conditions (such as reaction temperature and time), and surface conjugation, multi-function C-dots can be prepared and used in diagnostics and therapeutics. Their strong fluorescence and photostability, enables use in cell imaging. Their biological activity from the surface residues and capability of generating reactive oxygen species, have allowed many C-dots to become candidates as antibacterial and anticancer reagents. After suitable conjugation, biocompatible and fluorescent C-dots can be used for diagnostics and therapeutics, thus, showing their great potential in the area of theranostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukunya Ross
- Department of Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000,
Thailand
| | - Ren-Siang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617,
Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chun Wei
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617,
Taiwan
| | - Gareth M. Ross
- Department of Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000,
Thailand
| | - Huan-Tsung Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617,
Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, 32023,
Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Caglayan MO, Mindivan F, Şahin S. Sensor and Bioimaging Studies Based on Carbon Quantum Dots: The Green Chemistry Approach. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 52:814-847. [PMID: 33054365 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1828029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Since carbon quantum dots have high photoluminescent efficiency, it has been a desired material in sensor and bioimaging applications. In recent years, the green chemistry approach has been preferred and the production of quantum dots has been reported in many studies using different precursors from natural, abundant, or waste sources. Hydrothermal, chemical oxidation, microwave supported, ultrasonic, solvothermal, pyrolysis, laser etching, solid-state, plasma, and electrochemical methods have been reported in the literature. In this review article, green chemistry strategies for carbon quantum dot synthesis is summarized and compared with conventional methods using methodologic and statistical data. Furthermore, a detailed discussion on sensor and bioimaging applications of carbon quantum dots produced with green synthesis approaches are presented with a special focus on the last decade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Oguzhan Caglayan
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Ferda Mindivan
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Samet Şahin
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ashrafi Tafreshi F, Fatahi Z, Ghasemi SF, Taherian A, Esfandiari N. Ultrasensitive fluorescent detection of pesticides in real sample by using green carbon dots. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230646. [PMID: 32208468 PMCID: PMC7092965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticides, widely used in modern agriculture, could potentially cause environmental pollution and affect human lives. Hence, the development of a highly sensitive sensing element to detect pesticide residues is crucial for food safety and ecosystem protection. Optical methods based on fluorescence properties provide an ideal approach for screening and quantification of these compounds in different medias including water, plant, and nutritional products. The development of fluorescence emitting carbon dot-based sensors for monitoring pesticides has attracted great attention in recent years. In comparison to other fluorophores, carbon dots have more promising optical features, higher quantum yields and better biocompatibility. This article aims to present a novel fluorescent sensing method of diazinon, glyphosate, and amicarbazone using plant-based carbon dots. A comprehensive characterization of carbon dots obtained from cauliflower was performed by methods including UV-visible, FTIR spectroscopy, fluorometry, AFM, DLS, and zeta sizer. Following this step, carbon dots were used to detect pesticides. The fluorescence quenching property of carbon dots has been utilized to identify detection limit of 0.25, 0.5, and 2 ng ml-1 for diazinon, amicarbazone, and glyphosate, respectively. Also, real sample study revealed that the detection of pesticides accompanied by our developed nano-sensor is repeatable and accurate. According to carbon dots specificity determination, the prepared nano sensor does not have the potential to identify "bromacil" and "dialen super" pesticides but the other three mentioned pesticides are detectable. The results confirm that synthesized green carbon dots are well qualified for application in food safety and environmental monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Fatahi
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amirali Taherian
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Esfandiari
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tadesse A, Hagos M, RamaDevi D, Basavaiah K, Belachew N. Fluorescent-Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots Derived from Citrus Lemon Juice: Green Synthesis, Mercury(II) Ion Sensing, and Live Cell Imaging. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:3889-3898. [PMID: 32149215 PMCID: PMC7057337 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report a green and economical hydrothermal synthesis of fluorescent-nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (NCQDs) using citrus lemon as a carbon source. The prepared NCQDs possess high water solubility, high ionic stability, resistance to photobleaching, and bright blue color under ultraviolet radiation with a high quantum yield (∼31%). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) results show that the prepared NCQDs have a narrow size distribution (1-6 nm) with an average particle size of 3 nm. The mercury ion (Hg2+) sensing efficiency of the NCQDs was studied, and the result indicated that the material has high sensitivity, high precision, and good selectivity for Hg2+. The limit of detection (LOD) is 5.3 nM and the limit of quantification (LOQ) is 18.3 nM at a 99% confidence level. The cytotoxicity was evaluated using MCF7 cells, and the cell viabilities were determined to be greater than 88% upon the addition of NCQDs over a wide concentration range from 0 to 2 mg/mL. Based on the low cytotoxicity, good biocompatibility, and other revealed interesting merits, we also applied the prepared NCQDs as an effective fluorescent probe for multicolor live cell imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aschalew Tadesse
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Adama Science and Technology University, Oromia 1888, Ethiopia
| | - Mebrahtu Hagos
- Faculty of Natural and Computational Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia 400, Ethiopia
| | - Dharmasoth RamaDevi
- AU College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam530003, India
| | - Kaloth Basavaiah
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, India
| | - Neway Belachew
- Department of Chemistry, Debrebirahan University, Debre-Berhan 445, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|