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Zhang J, Tian W, Wang F, Liu J, Huang J, Duangmano S, Liu H, Liu M, Zhang Z, Jiang X. Advancements in understanding the role of microRnas in regulating macrophage polarization during acute lung injury. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:1694-1712. [PMID: 37415386 PMCID: PMC10446815 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2230018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a critical and life-threatening illness that causes severe dyspnea, and respiratory distress and is often caused by a variety of direct or indirect factors that damage the alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelial cells, leading to inflammation factors and macrophage infiltration. Macrophages play a crucial role in the progression of ALI/ARDS, exhibiting different polarized forms at different stages of the disease that control the disease outcome. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are conserved, endogenous, short non-coding RNAs composed of 18-25 nucleotides that serve as potential markers for many diseases and are involved in various biological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. In this review, we provide a brief overview of miRNA expression in ALI/ARDS and summarize recent research on the mechanism and pathways by which miRNAs respond to macrophage polarization, inflammation, and apoptosis. The characteristics of each pathway are also summarized to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of miRNAs in regulating macrophage polarization during ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wanyi Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiang Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Suwit Duangmano
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Minghua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xian Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Luzhou People’s Hospital, Luzhou, China
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Mo Y, Chen K. Review: The role of HMGB1 in spinal cord injury. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1094925. [PMID: 36713448 PMCID: PMC9877301 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1094925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) has dual functions as a nonhistone nucleoprotein and an extracellular inflammatory cytokine. In the resting state, HMGB1 is mainly located in the nucleus and regulates key nuclear activities. After spinal cord injury, HMGB1 is rapidly expressed by neurons, microglia and ependymal cells, and it is either actively or passively released into the extracellular matrix and blood circulation; furthermore, it also participates in the pathophysiological process of spinal cord injury. HMGB1 can regulate the activation of M1 microglia, exacerbate the inflammatory response, and regulate the expression of inflammatory factors through Rage and TLR2/4, resulting in neuronal death. However, some studies have shown that HMGB1 is beneficial for the survival, regeneration and differentiation of neurons and that it promotes the recovery of motor function. This article reviews the specific timing of secretion and translocation, the release mechanism and the role of HMGB1 in spinal cord injury. Furthermore, the role and mechanism of HMGB1 in spinal cord injury and, the challenges that still need to be addressed are identified, and this work will provide a basis for future studies.
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Yang Q, Luo Y, Lan B, Dong X, Wang Z, Ge P, Zhang G, Chen H. Fighting Fire with Fire: Exosomes and Acute Pancreatitis-Associated Acute Lung Injury. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:615. [PMID: 36354526 PMCID: PMC9687423 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a prevalent clinical condition of the digestive system, with a growing frequency each year. Approximately 20% of patients suffer from severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) with local consequences and multi-organ failure, putting a significant strain on patients' health insurance. According to reports, the lungs are particularly susceptible to SAP. Acute respiratory distress syndrome, a severe type of acute lung injury (ALI), is the primary cause of mortality among AP patients. Controlling the mortality associated with SAP requires an understanding of the etiology of AP-associated ALI, the discovery of biomarkers for the early detection of ALI, and the identification of potentially effective drug treatments. Exosomes are a class of extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 30-150 nm that are actively released into tissue fluids to mediate biological functions. Exosomes are laden with bioactive cargo, such as lipids, proteins, DNA, and RNA. During the initial stages of AP, acinar cell-derived exosomes suppress forkhead box protein O1 expression, resulting in M1 macrophage polarization. Similarly, macrophage-derived exosomes activate inflammatory pathways within endothelium or epithelial cells, promoting an inflammatory cascade response. On the other hand, a part of exosome cargo performs tissue repair and anti-inflammatory actions and inhibits the cytokine storm during AP. Other reviews have detailed the function of exosomes in the development of AP, chronic pancreatitis, and autoimmune pancreatitis. The discoveries involving exosomes at the intersection of AP and acute lung injury (ALI) are reviewed here. Furthermore, we discuss the therapeutic potential of exosomes in AP and associated ALI. With the continuous improvement of technological tools, the research on exosomes has gradually shifted from basic to clinical applications. Several exosome-specific non-coding RNAs and proteins can be used as novel molecular markers to assist in the diagnosis and prognosis of AP and associated ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yalan Luo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Bowen Lan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Xuanchi Dong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Zhengjian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Peng Ge
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Guixin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Hailong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
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4
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Chen R, Kang R, Tang D. The mechanism of HMGB1 secretion and release. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:91-102. [PMID: 35217834 PMCID: PMC8894452 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00736-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nonhistone nuclear protein that has multiple functions according to its subcellular location. In the nucleus, HMGB1 is a DNA chaperone that maintains the structure and function of chromosomes. In the cytoplasm, HMGB1 can promote autophagy by binding to BECN1 protein. After its active secretion or passive release, extracellular HMGB1 usually acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule, regulating inflammation and immune responses through different receptors or direct uptake. The secretion and release of HMGB1 is fine-tuned by a variety of factors, including its posttranslational modification (e.g., acetylation, ADP-ribosylation, phosphorylation, and methylation) and the molecular machinery of cell death (e.g., apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, alkaliptosis, and ferroptosis). In this minireview, we introduce the basic structure and function of HMGB1 and focus on the regulatory mechanism of HMGB1 secretion and release. Understanding these topics may help us develop new HMGB1-targeted drugs for various conditions, especially inflammatory diseases and tissue damage. A nuclear protein that gets released after cell death or is actively secreted by immune cells offers a promising therapeutic target for treating diseases linked to excessive inflammation. Daolin Tang from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, USA, and colleagues review how cellular stresses can trigger the accumulation of HMGB1, a type of alarm signal protein that promotes the recruitment and activation of inflammation-promoting immune cells. The researchers discuss various mechanisms that drive both passive and active release of HMGB1 into the space around cells. These processes, which include enzymatic modifications of the HMGB1 protein, cell–cell interactions and molecular pathways of cell death, could be targeted by drugs to lessen tissue damage and inflammatory disease caused by HMGB1-induced immune responses
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Tan T, Li J, Luo R, Wang R, Yin L, Liu M, Zeng Y, Zeng Z, Xie T. Recent Advances in Understanding the Mechanisms of Elemene in Reversing Drug Resistance in Tumor Cells: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:5792. [PMID: 34641334 PMCID: PMC8510449 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors are life-threatening, and chemotherapy is one of the common treatment methods. However, there are often many factors that contribute to the failure of chemotherapy. The multidrug resistance of cancer cells during chemotherapy has been reported, since tumor cells' sensitivity decreases over time. To overcome these problems, extensive studies have been conducted to reverse drug resistance in tumor cells. Elemene, an extract of the natural drug Curcuma wenyujin, has been found to reverse drug resistance and sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapy. Mechanisms by which elemene reverses tumor resistance include inhibiting the efflux of ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1(ABCB1) transporter, reducing the transmission of exosomes, inducing apoptosis and autophagy, regulating the expression of key genes and proteins in various signaling pathways, blocking the cell cycle, inhibiting stemness, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and so on. In this paper, the mechanisms of elemene's reversal of drug resistance are comprehensively reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (T.T.); (J.L.); (R.L.); (R.W.); (L.Y.); (M.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Element Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (T.T.); (J.L.); (R.L.); (R.W.); (L.Y.); (M.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Element Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ruhua Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (T.T.); (J.L.); (R.L.); (R.W.); (L.Y.); (M.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Element Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Rongrong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (T.T.); (J.L.); (R.L.); (R.W.); (L.Y.); (M.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Element Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Liyan Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (T.T.); (J.L.); (R.L.); (R.W.); (L.Y.); (M.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Element Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (T.T.); (J.L.); (R.L.); (R.W.); (L.Y.); (M.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Element Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yiying Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (T.T.); (J.L.); (R.L.); (R.W.); (L.Y.); (M.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Element Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zhaowu Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (T.T.); (J.L.); (R.L.); (R.W.); (L.Y.); (M.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Element Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Tian Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (T.T.); (J.L.); (R.L.); (R.W.); (L.Y.); (M.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Element Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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Zhang YG, Zhu X, Lu R, Messer JS, Xia Y, Chang EB, Sun J. Intestinal epithelial HMGB1 inhibits bacterial infection via STAT3 regulation of autophagy. Autophagy 2019; 15:1935-1953. [PMID: 30894054 PMCID: PMC6844505 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1596485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1) is considered as a damage-associated molecular pattern protein. However, little is known about its intracellular role. We studied the mechanism whereby intestinal epithelial HMGB1 contributes to host defense, using cell culture, colonoids, conditional intestinal epithelial HMGB1-knockout mice with Salmonella-colitis, il10-/- mice, and human samples. We report that intestinal HMGB1 is an important contributor to host protection from inflammation and infection. We identified a physical interaction between HMGB1 and STAT3. Lacking intestinal epithelial HMGB1 led to redistribution of STAT3 and activation of STAT3 post bacterial infection. Indeed, Salmonella-infected HMGB1-deficient cells exhibited less macroautophagy/autophagy due to decreased expression of autophagy proteins and transcriptional repression by activated STAT3. Then, increased p-STAT3 and extranuclear STAT3 reduced autophagic responses and increased inflammation. STAT3 inhibition restored autophagic responses and reduced bacterial invasion in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, low level of HMGB1 was correlated with reduced nuclear STAT3 and enhanced p-STAT3 in inflamed intestine of il10-/- mice and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. We revealed that colonic epithelial HMGB1 was directly involved in the suppression of STAT3 activation and the protection of intestine from bacterial infection and injury. Abbreviations: ATG16L1: autophagy-related 16-like 1 (S. cerevisiae); DAMP: damage-associated molecular pattern; HBSS: Hanks balanced salt solution; HMGB1: high mobility group box 1; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; IL1B/Il-1β: interleukin 1 beta; IL10: interleukin 10; IL17/IL-17: interleukin 17; MEFs: mouse embryonic fibroblasts; STAT3: signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; TLR: toll-like receptor; TNF/TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Guo Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiaorong Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rong Lu
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeannette S. Messer
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yinglin Xia
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eugene B. Chang
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Ryskalin L, Gaglione A, Limanaqi F, Biagioni F, Familiari P, Frati A, Esposito V, Fornai F. The Autophagy Status of Cancer Stem Cells in Gliobastoma Multiforme: From Cancer Promotion to Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153824. [PMID: 31387280 PMCID: PMC6695733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor featuring rapid cell proliferation, treatment resistance, and tumor relapse. This is largely due to the coexistence of heterogeneous tumor cell populations with different grades of differentiation, and in particular, to a small subset of tumor cells displaying stem cell-like properties. This is the case of glioma stem cells (GSCs), which possess a powerful self-renewal capacity, low differentiation, along with radio- and chemo-resistance. Molecular pathways that contribute to GBM stemness of GSCs include mTOR, Notch, Hedgehog, and Wnt/β-catenin. Remarkably, among the common biochemical effects that arise from alterations in these pathways, autophagy suppression may be key in promoting GSCs self-renewal, proliferation, and pluripotency maintenance. In fact, besides being a well-known downstream event of mTOR hyper-activation, autophagy downregulation is also bound to the effects of aberrantly activated Notch, Hedgehog, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways in GBM. As a major orchestrator of protein degradation and turnover, autophagy modulates proliferation and differentiation of normal neuronal stem cells (NSCs) as well as NSCs niche maintenance, while its failure may contribute to GSCs expansion and maintenance. Thus, in the present review we discuss the role of autophagy in GSCs metabolism and phenotype in relationship with dysregulations of a variety of NSCs controlling pathways, which may provide novel insights into GBM neurobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Ryskalin
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Fiona Limanaqi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessandro Frati
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Vincenzo Esposito
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
- Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Fornai
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy.
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Han C, Sun B, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Gu Q, Liu F, Zhao N, Wu L. Phosphorylation of STAT3 Promotes Vasculogenic Mimicry by Inducing Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Colorectal Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2017; 16:1209-1219. [PMID: 29333928 PMCID: PMC5762092 DOI: 10.1177/1533034617742312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry refers to the process by which highly invasive cancer cells mimic endothelial cells by forming blood channels. Vasculogenic mimicry is important for the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells in colorectal cancer. STAT3 was initially identified as a mediator of the inflammation-associated acute phase response. The phosphorylation of Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription 3 (p-STAT3) is closely related to tumor invasion and migration. We analyzed the relationship between p-STAT3 and vasculogenic mimicry formation in 65 human colorectal cancer samples, and the results showed that the expression of p-STAT3 is significantly correlated with vasculogenic mimicry, tumor metastasis, Tumor, Lymph Node and Metastasis Stage (TNM Stage), and poor prognosis. It is known that interleukin 6 can induce the phosphorylation of STAT3. We found that using interleukin 6 to induce p-STAT3 activation in colorectal cancer cell lines can result in vasculogenic mimicry and using AG490 to suppress p-STAT3 activation restrained vasculogenic mimicry. Furthermore, the state of p-STAT3 activation can affect epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. By immunofluorescence double staining, we discovered that p-STAT3 expression is more directly correlated with the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition marker vimentin than with the vasculogenic mimicry-related protein VE-cadherin. These data show that activated p-STAT3 upregulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition–related proteins and promotes vasculogenic mimicry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Han
- 1 Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Baocun Sun
- 1 Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,2 Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,3 Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiulan Zhao
- 1 Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,2 Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- 3 Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Gu
- 1 Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,2 Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- 1 Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhao
- 1 Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Wu
- 2 Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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9
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Huang C, Yu Y. Synergistic Cytotoxicity of β-Elemene and Cisplatin in Gingival Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Inhibition of STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:1507-1513. [PMID: 28355175 PMCID: PMC5383012 DOI: 10.12659/msm.903783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cisplatin remains one of the most active agents and is the mainstay of combination chemotherapy regimens against gingival squamous cell carcinoma. However, the efficacy of cisplatin is limited by its high toxicity and the development of drug resistance. β-elemene, isolated from the Chinese herb Rhizoma zedoariahas, is highly effective against malignancies and has low toxicity, but the development of β-elemene sensitizing chemotherapy in targeting the STAT3 signaling pathway remains unexplored in gingival squamous cell carcinoma. The present study was conducted to assess the chemosensitizing effects of β-elemene for enhancing the cytotoxicity of cisplatin in gingival squamous cell carcinoma. Material/Methods The gingival squamous cell carcinoma YD-38 cell line was used. MTT assay, clonogenic assay, annexin V/PI apoptosis assay, Western blot analysis, and xenograft model treatment were carried out in vitro and in vivo. Results β-elemene significantly enhanced proliferative inhibition and cisplatin induced apoptosis in gingival squamous cell carcinoma. Cisplatin combined with β-elemene decreased the expressions of p-STAT3, p-JAK2, and Bcl-2, and increased the expressions of Bax and caspase-3 significantly compared to cisplatin only treatment, as well as in the xenograft model. Conclusions The results indicated that β-elemene promoted the anti-proliferative and apoptotic effect of cisplatin by inhibiting STAT3 and blocking the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway in GSCC in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyi Huang
- Department of Dentistry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yufeng Yu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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