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Nepali S, Cha JY, Ki HH, Lee HY, Kim YH, Kim DK, Song BJ, Lee YM. Chrysanthemum indicum Inhibits Adipogenesis and Activates the AMPK Pathway in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:119-136. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Chrysanthemum indicum (CI) is widely distributed in China and many parts of the tropical world, and has been reported to have antibacterial, antiviral, anti-oxidant and immunomodulatory effects, but no information is available on its effects on high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. This was undertaken to investigate the mechanism responsible for the effect of ethyl acetate fraction of CI (CIEA) on adipogenesis, in vitro and in vivo models of obesity. In the in vitro study, differentiating 3T3-L1 cells were treated with media to initiate differentiation (MDI) in the presence or absence of CIEA with different concentrations, and in the in vivo study, C57BL/6 mice were fed with HFD and administered CIEA daily for six weeks. Garcinia cambogia (GC) was used as the positive control, and was administered in the same manner as CIEA. Results showed CIEA reduced HFD-induced body weight gain, epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), and liver weight. In addition, CIEA significantly decreased serum lipid profiles, including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) and increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) levels. Furthermore, CIEA also reduced leptin levels and increased adiponectin levels in serum, and significantly decreased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor [Formula: see text] (PPAR[Formula: see text]) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EPBs) levels, but increased PPAR[Formula: see text] level and the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in eWATs and in the liver tissues of HFD fed obese mice. Taken together, these results indicate CIEA might be beneficial for preventing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmila Nepali
- Department of Immunology and Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54907, Korea
| | - Ji-Yun Cha
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Hui Ki
- Department of Immunology and Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54907, Korea
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Korea
| | - Hoon-Yeon Lee
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Korea
| | - Young-Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Dae-Ki Kim
- Department of Immunology and Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54907, Korea
| | - Bong-Joon Song
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea
| | - Young-Mi Lee
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Korea
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