Sewage Treatment through Constructed Wetland System Tailed by Nanocomposite Clay Filter: A Clean Green Initiative

Sewage treatment through constructed wetland is an ecofriendly and sustainable approach proven effective worldwide. Constructed wetland with appropriate species is capable of eliminating all pollutants in sewage, except pathogen removal. An additional polishing treatment is required to eliminate pathogen. Optimization of HLR in CWS was executed by applying first order kinetics. Nanocomposite clay filter with economically viable materials was synthesized and disinfection ability was evaluated. A novel approach integrating constructed wetland system tailed by nanocomposite clay filter was designed. Control was setup with constructed wetland system devoid of plants integrated with clay filter devoid of nanoparticles. The constructed wetland system devoid of plants was used as plants play a vital role in the removal of pollutants. The quality of the influent for (n=20) BOD, COD, TKN, TP, TSS, TDS, SO4, Cl, lead and iron were 248, 345, 26, 4.8, 350, 450, 50, 48, 0.2, 5 mg/L respectively. The quality of effluent in the control was 145, 225, 18, 3.8, 185, 345, 31, 30, 0.6, 2 mg/L for BOD,COD, TKN, TP, TSS, TDS, SO4, Cl, lead and iron respectively. While in the test, 10, 30, 2, 1, 30, 128, 13, 12, BDL, BDL mg/L for BOD, COD, TKN, TP,TSS, TDS, SO4, Cl, lead and iron respectively. The inlet concentration of T.C, F.C and E.coli were 42.1x106-6.3x108, 4.9x105-14.4x106 and 7.8x103-3.8x105 respectively. The pathogen reduction in log removal for test and control units were 5.4 and 1.1 for T.C, 4.4 and 1.2 for F.C and 3 and 1 for E.coli.  Thus it is a clean green initiative combating the limitations of disinfection surpassing the existing barriers.

Sewage Treatment through Constructed Wetland System Tailed by Nanocomposite Clay Filter: A Clean Green Initiative

Sewage treatment through constructed wetland is an ecofriendly and sustainable approach proven effective worldwide. Constructed wetland with appropriate species is capable of eliminating all pollutants in sewage, except pathogen removal. An additional polishing treatment is required to eliminate pathogen. Optimization of HLR in CWS was executed by applying first order kinetics. Nanocomposite clay filter with economically viable materials was synthesized and disinfection ability was evaluated. A novel approach integrating constructed wetland system tailed by nanocomposite clay filter was designed. Control was setup with constructed wetland system devoid of plants integrated with clay filter devoid of nanoparticles. The constructed wetland system devoid of plants was used as plants play a vital role in the removal of pollutants. The quality of the influent for (n=20) BOD, COD, TKN, TP, TSS, TDS, SO4, Cl, lead and iron were 248, 345, 26, 4.8, 350, 450, 50, 48, 0.2, 5 mg/L respectively. The quality of effluent in the control was 145, 225, 18, 3.8, 185, 345, 31, 30, 0.6, 2 mg/L for BOD,COD, TKN, TP, TSS, TDS, SO4, Cl, lead and iron respectively. While in the test, 10, 30, 2, 1, 30, 128, 13, 12, BDL, BDL mg/L for BOD, COD, TKN, TP,TSS, TDS, SO4, Cl, lead and iron respectively. The inlet concentration of T.C, F.C and E.coli were 42.1x106-6.3x108, 4.9x105-14.4x106 and 7.8x103-3.8x105 respectively. The pathogen reduction in log removal for test and control units were 5.4 and 1.1 for T.C, 4.4 and 1.2 for F.C and 3 and 1 for E.coli.  Thus it is a clean green initiative combating the limitations of disinfection surpassing the existing barriers.

PRODUÇÃO DE MILHO EM DIFERENTES PROFUNDIDADES DE PLANTIO

O milho (Zea mays L.) é um dos cereais mais utilizados e relevantes, devido às suas propriedades nutricionais, composição química e diversidade de utilização, tanto na alimentação humana quanto animal. Com as constantes inovações no setor agropecuário, buscando-se uma melhor produção e redução de custos, surge um crescente interesse por prover alternativas que maximizem os resultados produtivos do setor. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste experimento foi analisar os resultados e variações da cultura do milho, em relação ao seu desenvolvimento e produtividade, obtida em diferentes profundidades de plantio. O experimento foi implantado em condições de campo, utilizando o delineamento em blocos casualizados, constituídos de 4 tratamentos e 4 repetições, em 4 linhas, espaçadas a 0,55 metros entre linhas e 16 metros de comprimento, totalizando 35,2m² por parcela. Foram empregados quatro tratamentos: 1, 2, 3 e 4, definidos a 1 cm, 3 cm, 5 cm e 7 cm respectivamente. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: índice de velocidade de emergência, diâmetro de colmo, altura da planta e produtividade. Com este estudo, observou-se que o índice de velocidade de emergência sofre influência da profundidade de semeadura, quanto menor, mais rápido a planta emerge. Em relação à produtividade, o resultado foi inverso ao IVE, ou seja, quanto maior a profundidade, melhor o índice produtivo da cultura analisada, ratificado pelo melhor índice de diâmetro do colmo, altura e produção.

Algae turf scrubber and vertical constructed wetlands combined system for decentralized secondary wastewater treatment

Water shortage is a current problem faced by many regions. The deterioration of water bodies driven by the directly discard of untreated wastewater worsens the water shortage and implies in more costly treatments to meet local standards for water quality. In rural areas, the problem is even worse, once conventional centralized treatment plants do not encompass them. Decentralized treatment systems must present low-cost, local availability, standards-meeting efficiency, and simplified operation. The present study examines the combined use of algae turf scrubber and down-flow vertical constructed wetlands for a University's sanitary wastewater treatment. After a hydraulic detention time of 21 days, the unit was able to reach 49%, 48%, 98%, 82%, 99.2%, 70.1%, 44%, 83%, 72%, 86%, 69%, 95%, and 99.9% for conductivity, total soluble solids, turbidity, apparent color, N-NH₃, total nitrogen, P-soluble, total carbon, chemical oxygen demand, inorganic carbon, TOC, Escherichia coli, and total coliforms. In accord to the Brazilian standard ABNT 13969/97, the treated effluent is eligible for reuse in floor and sidewalks washing, garden irrigation, and landscaping purposes.