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Benelli C, Tarraf W, İzgü T, Anichini M, Faraloni C, Salvatici MC, Jouini N, Germanà MA, Danti R, Lambardi M. Long-Term Conservation for the Safeguard of Abies nebrodensis: An Endemic and Endangered Species of Sicily. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1682. [PMID: 38931114 PMCID: PMC11207786 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The combined approaches between ex situ and in situ conservation are of great importance for threatened species in urgent need of protection. This study aims to develop concrete actions to preserve the relic of 30 adult trees of the Sicilian fir (Abies nebrodensis) from extinction using long-term germplasm conservation in liquid nitrogen (LN, -196 °C). Pollen grains were collected, and their moisture content (MC) was measured. Then, viability (2,3,5-tryphenyl tetrazolium chloride, TTC), in vitro germinability, and enzymatic antioxidant activity (ascorbate peroxidase, APX; catalase, CAT) were evaluated before and after cryopreservation. Seeds collected from mature cones underwent X-ray analysis, and only full seeds were used to excise the zygotic embryos (ZEs) for cryopreservation. The MC percentage of ZEs was determined, and then they were plunged in LN with (+PVS2) or without (-PVS2) Plant Vitrification Solution 2; untreated ZEs were used as a control. Viability (TTC test) and in vitro germination were assessed for all ZEs (+PVS2, -PVS2, and control). Embryogenic callus (EC) lines obtained from mature ZEs were cryopreserved applying the 'encapsulation-dehydration' technique. This study has allowed, after optimizing cryopreservation protocols for pollen, ZEs, and EC of A. nebrodensis, to establish the first cryobank of this endangered species in Polizzi Generosa (Palermo, Italy), inside the 'Madonie Regional Park'. The strategy developed for Sicilian fir conservation will pave the way for similar initiatives for other critically endangered conifer species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Benelli
- Institute for BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; (C.B.); (T.İ.); (M.A.); (C.F.); (M.L.)
| | - Waed Tarraf
- Institute for BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; (C.B.); (T.İ.); (M.A.); (C.F.); (M.L.)
| | - Tolga İzgü
- Institute for BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; (C.B.); (T.İ.); (M.A.); (C.F.); (M.L.)
| | - Monica Anichini
- Institute for BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; (C.B.); (T.İ.); (M.A.); (C.F.); (M.L.)
| | - Cecilia Faraloni
- Institute for BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; (C.B.); (T.İ.); (M.A.); (C.F.); (M.L.)
| | - Maria Cristina Salvatici
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (ICCOM)-Electron Microscopy Centre (Ce.M.E.), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy;
| | - Nourhene Jouini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (N.J.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Maria Antonietta Germanà
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (N.J.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Roberto Danti
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Lambardi
- Institute for BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; (C.B.); (T.İ.); (M.A.); (C.F.); (M.L.)
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Ren R, Zhou H, Zhang L, Jiang X, Liu Y. Ca 2+ participates in programmed cell death by modulating ROS during pollen cryopreservation. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1043-1057. [PMID: 35190883 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02836-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
After cryopreservation, the Ca2+ content increased, which affected the intracellular ROS content, then participated in the occurrence of programmed cell death in pollen. Programmed cell death (PCD) is one of the reasons for the decline in pollen viability after cryopreservation. However, the role of calcium ions (Ca2+) in PCD during pollen cryopreservation has not been revealed in the existing studies. In this study, Paeonia lactiflora 'Fen Yu Nu' pollen was used as the research material for investigating the effects of Ca2+ changes on PCD indices and reactive oxygen species (ROS) during pollen cryopreservation. The results showed that after cryopreservation, with the decrease of pollen viability, the Ca2+ content significantly increased. The regulation of Ca2+ content had a significant effect on PCD indices, which showed that the Ca2+ carrier A23187 accelerated the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential level and increased the activity of caspase-3-like and caspase-9-like proteases and the apoptosis rate. The expression levels of partial pro-PCD genes were upregulated, the anti-PCD gene BI-1 was downregulated, and the addition of Ca2+-chelating agent EGTA had the opposite effect. The addition of the Ca2+ carrier A23187 after cryopreservation significantly increased the ROS content of pollen, the addition of the Ca2+-chelating agent EGTA had the opposite effect, and Ca2+ regulators also had significant effects on the contents of ROS production and clearance-related substances. Ca2+ affected intracellular ROS content by acting on the ROS production and clearance system during the cryopreservation of pollen and is thus involved in the occurrence of PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifen Ren
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Municipal Education Commission, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Municipal Education Commission, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Municipal Education Commission, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xueru Jiang
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Municipal Education Commission, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Municipal Education Commission, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Ren R, Zhou H, Zhang L, Jiang X, Liu Y. Cryopreserved-pollen viability is regulated by NO-induced programmed cell death. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:2383-2395. [PMID: 34459961 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02779-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
After cryopreservation, the NO content in pollen increased, inducing programmed cell death as a key reason for reduced viability. Low recovery of biomaterials after cryopreservation is a bottleneck that limits the application of this technology. At present, the mechanism of viability decline after cryopreservation is not fully understood. In this study, the effects of nitric oxide (NO) on programmed cell death (PCD) and its relationship with viability were investigated, using Paeonia lactiflora 'Fen Yu Nu' pollen with significantly decreased viability after cryopreservation. The results showed that: the activity of caspase-3-like and caspase-9-like protease and the apoptosis rate of pollen cells were significantly increased, the expression level of the promoting PCD (pro-PCD) genes was up-regulated, while the expression level of the inhibiting PCD (anti-PCD) genes was down-regulated after preservation in liquid nitrogen (LN); the NO content in pollen cells increased significantly after LN exposure. The correlation analysis showed that NO was significantly correlated with pollen viability and all indicators of PCD. The addition of a NO carrier SNP after LN storage reduced pollen viability, increased endogenous NO content, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential level, activated caspase-3-like and caspase-9-like protease in pollen cells, and increased cell apoptosis rate. The expression levels of pro-PCD genes PDCD2 and ATG8CL were significantly up-regulated, while the expression levels of anti-PCD genes DAD1, BI-1 and LSD1 were significantly down-regulated. The addition of NO scavenger c-PTIO improved pollen viability, and produced the opposite effect of sodium nitroferricyanide (III) dihydrate (SNP), but did not change the mitochondrial membrane potential. These results suggest that NO induced PCD during the cryopreservation of pollen, which was one of the reasons for the significant decrease of pollen viability after cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifen Ren
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Municipal Education Commission, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Municipal Education Commission, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Municipal Education Commission, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xueru Jiang
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Municipal Education Commission, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Municipal Education Commission, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Chen G, Zhang D, Pan J, Yue J, Shen X. Cathepsin B-like cysteine protease ApCathB negatively regulates cryo-injury tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis and Agapanthus praecox. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 308:110928. [PMID: 34034876 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cell death is an inevitably cryo-injury in cell and tissue cryopreservation. The research on programmed cell death (PCD) in plant cryopreservation is still in its infancy. In this study, the survival rate of Agapanthus praecox embryogenic callus was significantly improved when the vitrification solution was added with 20 μM E-64, which is an inhibitor of cathepsin B. For further investigating the relation between cathepsin B and cryo-injury, the coding gene of cathepsin B, ApCathB was isolated and characterized. A subcellular localization assay showed that ApCathB was located in cytomembrane. Heterologous overexpression of ApCathB reduced the recovery rate during Arabidopsis seedlings cryopreservation from 29.56 % to 16.46 %. Transgenic seedlings lost most of cell viability in hypocotyl after dehydration and lead to aggravated cryo-injury. The reduced survival rate of ApCathB-overexpressing embryogenic callus of A. praecox further confirmed its negatively function in cryo-injury tolerance. In addition, the survival of ApCathB-overexpressing lines was almost rescued by E-64. TUNEL detection showed intensified signal and ROS was burst, especially for H2O2. Furthermore, VPE, Metacaspase 1, Cyp15a and AIF genes related to cell death regulation were remarkably up-regulated in ApCathB-overexpressing embryogenic callus during cryopreservation. Additionally, the expression level of genes regulating cell degradation was also elevated, indicating accelerated cell death caused by ApCathB-overexpressing. Taken together, this work verified that ApCathB negatively regulated the cryo-injury tolerance and cell viability through mediating the PCD event in plant cryopreservation. Significantly, cathepsin B has potential to be a target to improve survival rate after cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Chen
- School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Di Zhang
- School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Jian Pan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Jianhua Yue
- College of Horticulture, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, 464100, China.
| | - Xiaohui Shen
- School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Ren R, Li Z, Jiang X, Liu Y. The ROS-associated programmed cell death causes the decline of pollen viability recovered from cryopreservation in Paeonia lactiflora. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:941-952. [PMID: 32296871 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02540-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
After cryopreservation, the occurrence of apoptosis-like programmed cell death events induced by the accumulation of ROS reduces pollen viability. Cryopreservation, as a biotechnological means for long-term preservation of pollen, has been applied to many species. However, after cryopreservation, the viability of pollen significantly decreases via a mechanism that is not completely clear. In this study, the pollen of Paeonia lactiflora 'Zi Feng Chao Yang', which exhibits significantly reduced viability after liquid nitrogen (LN2) storage, was used to study the relationship among pollen viability, programmed cell death (PCD) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The apoptosis rate was increased significantly in pollen with decreased viability after cryopreservation, and the changes in ROS generation and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were consistent with the apoptosis rate. Correlation analysis results showed that the apoptosis rate is positively correlated with ROS generation and H2O2 content. In addition, ascorbic acid (AsA), glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid reductase (APX) levels were significantly correlated with ROS and H2O2. After LN2 preservation for 8 months, the exogenous antioxidants AsA and GSH at appropriate concentrations significantly decreased H2O2 content, inhibited PCD indicator levels, and increased cryopreserved pollen viability. These observations suggest that PCD occurred in pollen during LN2 preservation for 1-8 months and was induced by the accumulation of ROS in pollen after cryopreservation, thus explaining the main reasons for the reduction in pollen viability after cryopreservation in LN2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifen Ren
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Municipal Education Commission, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zedi Li
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Municipal Education Commission, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xueru Jiang
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Municipal Education Commission, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Municipal Education Commission, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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