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Pinilla-González V, Montecinos-Barrientos B, Martin-Kommer C, Chichiarelli S, Saso L, Rodrigo R. Exploring antioxidant strategies in the pathogenesis of ALS. Open Life Sci 2024; 19:20220842. [PMID: 38585631 PMCID: PMC10997151 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system is essential for maintaining homeostasis and controlling the body's physiological functions. However, its biochemical characteristics make it highly vulnerable to oxidative damage, which is a common factor in neurodegenerative diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ALS is a leading cause of motor neuron disease, characterized by a rapidly progressing and incurable condition. ALS often results in death from respiratory failure within 3-5 years from the onset of the first symptoms, underscoring the urgent need to address this medical challenge. The aim of this study is to present available data supporting the role of oxidative stress in the mechanisms underlying ALS and to discuss potential antioxidant therapies currently in development. These therapies aim to improve the quality of life and life expectancy for patients affected by this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Pinilla-González
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago8380000, Chile
| | | | - Clemente Martin-Kommer
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago8380000, Chile
| | - Silvia Chichiarelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi-Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185Rome, Italy
| | - Ramón Rodrigo
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago8380000, Chile
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2
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Paydarnia P, Mayeli M, Shafie M, Agah E, Hasani SA, Jazani MR, Sarraf P. Alterations of the serum and CSF ferritin levels and the diagnosis and prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. eNeurologicalSci 2021; 25:100379. [PMID: 34869924 PMCID: PMC8626833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2021.100379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ALS diagnostic challenges necessitate more robust diagnostic and prognostic methods. A potential biomarker in this regard is the alterations of ferritin levels in the serum and CSF of patients compared to controls. Methods The CSF and serum ferritin levels were measured in 50 ALS cases and 50 control patients with predefined exclusion criteria. The ELISA method was utilized for laboratory measurement and was statistically analyzed using the SPSS. Results Heightened serum ferritin levels in cases were not statistically significant. However, CSF ferritin levels were significantly higher in ALS patients (P < 0.001). Serum ferritin levels were significantly negatively correlated with the disease duration (P = 0.015) and were significantly positively correlated with the disease progression rate (DPR) (P = 0.012). Conclusion Heightened CSF ferritin levels can be used for the diagnosis of ALS. The correlation between the serum ferritin levels with the DPR and its correlation with the disease duration suggests potential prognostic utilities. Elevated serum ferritin level in patients with ALS is insignificant. CSF ferritin levels are significantly higher in ALS patients. Serum ferritin levels are negatively correlated with the disease duration. Serum ferritin levels are positively correlated with the disease progression rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parastou Paydarnia
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Mayeli
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,NeuroTRACT Association, Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahan Shafie
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,NeuroTRACT Association, Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elmira Agah
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyede Anis Hasani
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,NeuroTRACT Association, Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rashidi Jazani
- Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Sarraf
- Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Neurology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Kim Y, Connor JR. The roles of iron and HFE genotype in neurological diseases. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 75:100867. [PMID: 32654761 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Iron accumulation is a recurring pathological phenomenon in many neurological diseases including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and others. Iron is essential for normal development and functions of the brain; however, excess redox-active iron can also lead to oxidative damage and cell death. Especially for terminally differentiated cells like neurons, regulation of reactive oxygen species is critical for cell viability. As a result, cellular iron level is tightly regulated. Although iron accumulation related to neurological diseases has been well documented, the pathoetiological contributions of the homeostatic iron regulator (HFE), which controls cellular iron uptake, is less understood. Furthermore, a common HFE variant, H63D HFE, has been identified as a modifier of multiple neurological diseases. This review will discuss the roles of iron and HFE in the brain as well as their impact on various disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsung Kim
- Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - James R Connor
- Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Hershey, PA, USA.
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Niida-Kawaguchi M, Kakita A, Noguchi N, Kazama M, Masui K, Kato Y, Yamamoto T, Sawada T, Kitagawa K, Watabe K, Shibata N. Soluble iron accumulation induces microglial glutamate release in the spinal cord of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuropathology 2019; 40:152-166. [PMID: 31883180 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies on sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SALS) demonstrated iron accumulation in the spinal cord and increased glutamate concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid. To clarify the relationship between the two phenomena, we first performed quantitative and morphological analyses of substances related to iron and glutamate metabolism using spinal cords obtained at autopsy from 12 SALS patients and 12 age-matched control subjects. Soluble iron content determined by the Ferrozine method as well as ferritin (Ft) and glutaminase C (GLS-C) expression levels on Western blots were significantly higher in the SALS group than in the control group, while ferroportin (FPN) levels on Western blots were significantly reduced in the SALS group as compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in aconitase 1 (ACO1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα)-converting enzyme (TACE) levels on Western blots between the two groups. Immunohistochemically, Ft, ACO1, TACE, TNFα, and GLS-C were proven to be selectively expressed in microglia. Immunoreactivities for FPN and hepcidin were localized in neuronal and glial cells. Based on these observations, it is predicted that soluble iron may stimulate microglial glutamate release. To address this issue, cell culture experiments were carried out on a microglial cell line (BV-2). Treatment of BV-2 cells with ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) brought about significant increases in intracellular soluble iron and Ft expression levels and conditioned medium glutamate and TNFα concentrations. Glutamate concentration was also significantly increased in conditioned media of TNFα-treated BV-2 cells. While the FAC-driven increases in glutamate and TNFα release were completely canceled by pretreatment with ACO1 and TACE inhibitors, respectively, the TNFα-driven increase in glutamate release was completely canceled by GLS-C inhibitor pretreatment. Moreover, treatment of BV-2 cells with hepcidin resulted in a significant reduction in FPN expression levels on Western blots of the intracellular total protein extracts. The present results provide in vivo and in vitro evidence that microglial glutamate release in SALS spinal cords is enhanced by intracellular soluble iron accumulation-induced activation of ACO1 and TACE and by increased extracellular TNFα-stimulated GLS-C upregulation, and suggest a positive feedback mechanism to maintain increased intracellular soluble iron levels, involving TNFα, hepcidin, and FPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoko Niida-Kawaguchi
- Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Noriko Noguchi
- Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Miku Kazama
- Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Masui
- Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kato
- Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yamamoto
- Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Sawada
- Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kitagawa
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Watabe
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, Mitaka, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Shibata
- Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Halon-Golabek M, Borkowska A, Herman-Antosiewicz A, Antosiewicz J. Iron Metabolism of the Skeletal Muscle and Neurodegeneration. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:165. [PMID: 30949015 PMCID: PMC6436082 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies clearly indicate that the endocrine function of the skeletal muscle is essential for a long and healthy life. Regular exercise, which has been shown to stimulate the release of myokines, lowers the risk of many diseases, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, emphasizing the role of skeletal muscle in proper functioning of other tissues. In addition, exercise increases insulin sensitivity, which may also impact iron metabolism. Even though the role of iron in neurodegeneration is well established, the exact mechanisms of iron toxicity are not known. Interestingly, exercise has been shown to modulate iron metabolism, mainly by reducing body iron stores. Insulin signaling and iron metabolism are interconnected, as high tissue iron stores are associated with insulin resistance, and conversely, impaired insulin signaling may lead to iron accumulation in an affected tissue. Excess iron accumulation in tissue triggers iron-dependent oxidative stress. Further, iron overload in the skeletal muscle not only negatively affects muscle contractility but also might impact its endocrine function, thus possibly affecting the clinical outcome of diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss possible mechanisms of iron dependent oxidative stress in skeletal muscle, its impact on muscle mass and endocrine function, as well as on neurodegeneration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Halon-Golabek
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Andzelika Borkowska
- Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Herman-Antosiewicz
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jedrzej Antosiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
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Petillon C, Hergesheimer R, Puy H, Corcia P, Vourc'h P, Andres C, Karim Z, Blasco H. The Relevancy of Data Regarding the Metabolism of Iron to Our Understanding of Deregulated Mechanisms in ALS; Hypotheses and Pitfalls. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:1031. [PMID: 30697143 PMCID: PMC6341213 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.01031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the loss of motor neurons. Its etiology remains unknown, but several pathophysiological mechanisms are beginning to explain motor neuronal death, as well as oxidative stress. Iron accumulation has been observed in both sporadic and familial forms of ALS, including mouse models. Therefore, the dysregulation of iron metabolism could play a role in the pathological oxidative stress in ALS. Several studies have been undertaken to describe iron-related metabolic markers, in most cases focusing on metabolites in the bloodstream due to few available data in the central nervous system. Reports of accumulation of iron, high serum ferritin, and low serum transferrin levels in ALS patients have encouraged researchers to consider dysregulated iron metabolism as an integral part of ALS pathophysiology. However, it appears complicated to suggest a general mechanism due to the diversity of models and iron markers studied, including the lack of consensus among all of the studies. Regarding clinical study reports, most of them do not take into account confusion biases such as inflammation, renal dysfunction, and nutritional status. Furthermore, the iron regulatory pathways, particularly involving hepcidin, have not been thoroughly explored yet within the pathogenesis of iron overload in ALS. In this sense, it is also essential to explore the relation between iron overload and other ALS-related events, such as neuro-inflammation, protein aggregation, and iron-driven cell death, termed ferroptosis. In this review, we point out limits of the designs of certain studies that may prevent the understanding of the role of iron in ALS and discuss the relevance of the published data regarding the pathogenic impact of iron metabolism deregulation in this disease and the therapeutics targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hervé Puy
- Centre de Recherches sur l'Inflammation, Equipe "Hème, Fer et Maladies Inflammatoires", UMR 1149/ERL CNRS 8252, Université Paris Diderot Paris 7, UFR de Médecine Site Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Corcia
- INSERM, U1253, Université de Tours, Tours, France.,Centre SLA, Service de Neurologie, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Patrick Vourc'h
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France.,INSERM, U1253, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Christian Andres
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France.,INSERM, U1253, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Zoubida Karim
- Centre de Recherches sur l'Inflammation, Equipe "Hème, Fer et Maladies Inflammatoires", UMR 1149/ERL CNRS 8252, Université Paris Diderot Paris 7, UFR de Médecine Site Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Blasco
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France.,INSERM, U1253, Université de Tours, Tours, France
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Emerging and Dynamic Biomedical Uses of Ferritin. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11040124. [PMID: 30428583 PMCID: PMC6316788 DOI: 10.3390/ph11040124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferritin, a ubiquitously expressed protein, has classically been considered the main iron cellular storage molecule in the body. Owing to the ferroxidase activity of the H-subunit and the nucleation ability of the L-subunit, ferritin can store a large amount of iron within its mineral core. However, recent evidence has demonstrated a range of abilities of ferritin that extends well beyond the scope of iron storage. This review aims to discuss novel functions and biomedical uses of ferritin in the processes of iron delivery, delivery of biologics such as chemotherapies and contrast agents, and the utility of ferritin as a biomarker in a number of neurological diseases.
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8
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Povedano M, Saez M, Martínez-Matos JA, Barceló MA. Spatial Assessment of the Association between Long-Term Exposure to Environmental Factors and the Occurrence of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in Catalonia, Spain: A Population-Based Nested Case-Control Study. Neuroepidemiology 2018; 51:33-49. [PMID: 29852480 DOI: 10.1159/000489664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is believed that an interaction between genetic and non-genetic factors may be involved in the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). With the exception of exposure to agricultural chemicals like pesticides, evidence of an association between environmental risk factors and ALS is inconsistent. Our objective here was to investigate the association between long-term exposure to environmental factors and the occurrence of ALS in Catalonia, Spain, and to provide evidence that spatial clusters of ALS related to these environmental factors exist. METHODS We carried out a nested case-control study constructed from a retrospective population-based cohort, covering the entire region. Environmental variables were the explanatory variables of interest. We controlled for both observed and unobserved confounders. RESULTS We have found some spatial clusters of ALS. The results from the multivariate model suggest that these clusters could be related to some of the environmental variables, in particular agricultural chemicals. In addition, in high-risk clusters, besides corresponding to agricultural areas, key road infrastructures with a high density of traffic are also located. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that some environmental factors, in particular those associated with exposure to pesticides and air pollutants as a result of urban traffic, could be associated with the occurrence of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mònica Povedano
- Functional Motoneurona Unit (UFMNA), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Saez
- Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), University of Girona, Girona, Spain.,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan-Antonio Martínez-Matos
- Functional Motoneurona Unit (UFMNA), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Antònia Barceló
- Functional Motoneurona Unit (UFMNA), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), University of Girona, Girona, Spain.,CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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Blasco H, Vourc'h P, Pradat PF, Gordon PH, Andres CR, Corcia P. Further development of biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2016; 16:853-68. [PMID: 27275785 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2016.1199277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an idiopathic neurodegenerative disease usually fatal in less than three years. Even if standard guidelines are available to diagnose ALS, the mean diagnosis delay is more than one year. In this context, biomarker discovery is a priority. Research has to focus on new diagnostic tools, based on combined explorations. AREAS COVERED In this review, we specifically focus on biology and imaging markers. We detail the innovative field of 'omics' approach and imaging and explain their limits to be useful in routine practice. We describe the most relevant biomarkers and suggest some perspectives for biomarker research. Expert commentary: The successive failures of clinical trials in ALS underline the need for new strategy based on innovative tools to stratify patients and to evaluate their responses to treatment. Biomarker data may be useful to improve the designs of clinical trials. Biomarkers are also needed to better investigate disease pathophysiology, to identify new therapeutic targets, and to improve the performance of clinical assessments for diagnosis and prognosis in the clinical setting. A consensus on the best management of neuroimaging and 'omics' methods is necessary and a systematic independent validation of findings may add robustness to future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Blasco
- a UMR INSERM U930 , Université François-Rabelais de Tours , Tours , France.,b Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire , Hôpital Bretonneau, CHRU de Tours , Tours , France
| | - P Vourc'h
- a UMR INSERM U930 , Université François-Rabelais de Tours , Tours , France.,b Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire , Hôpital Bretonneau, CHRU de Tours , Tours , France
| | - P F Pradat
- c Département des Maladies du Système Nerveux, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris , Hôpital de la Salpêtrière , Paris , France.,d Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, INSERM , Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale , Paris , France
| | - P H Gordon
- e Neurology Unit, Northern Navajo Medical Center , Shiprock , NM , USA
| | - C R Andres
- a UMR INSERM U930 , Université François-Rabelais de Tours , Tours , France.,b Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire , Hôpital Bretonneau, CHRU de Tours , Tours , France
| | - P Corcia
- a UMR INSERM U930 , Université François-Rabelais de Tours , Tours , France.,b Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire , Hôpital Bretonneau, CHRU de Tours , Tours , France.,f Centre SLA , Service de Neurologie et Neurophysiologie Clinique, CHRU de Tours , Tours , France
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