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Lee CY, Lai HY, Chen MM, Lee CH. Mapping scoping reviews in neurosurgery: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e080878. [PMID: 38719324 PMCID: PMC11086454 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The realm of neurosurgery is currently witnessing a surge in primary research, underscoring the importance of adopting evidence-based approaches. Scoping reviews, as a type of evidence synthesis, offer a broad perspective and have become increasingly vital for managing the ever-expanding body of research in swiftly evolving fields. Recent research has indicated a rising prevalence of scoping reviews in healthcare literature. In this context, the concept of a 'review of scoping reviews' has emerged as a means to offer a higher level synthesis of insights. However, the field of neurosurgery appears to lack a comprehensive integration of scoping reviews. Therefore, the objective of this scoping review is to identify and evaluate the extent of scoping reviews within neurosurgery, pinpointing research gaps and methodological issues to enhance evidence-based practices in this dynamic discipline. METHODS The method framework of Arksey and O'Malley will be used to conduct the scoping review. A thorough literature search will be performed on Medline, Scopus and Web of Science to find eligible studies using the keywords related to neurosurgery, scoping review and its variants. Two reviewers will independently revise all of the full-text articles, extract data and evaluate the study extent. A narrative overview of the findings from included studies will be given. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This review will involve secondary analysis of published literature, and therefore ethics approval is not required. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist will be used to guide translation of findings. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and presented in conferences via abstract and presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yi Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yi Lai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Mi-Mi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsin Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Proton and Radiation Therapy Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Ukachukwu AEK, Ogundeji OD, Abu-Bonsrah N, Still MEH, Trillo-Ordonez Y, Oboh EN, Nischal SA, Deng DD, Ugorji C, Seas A, Badejo OA, Malomo TA, Nwaribe EE, Oyemolade TA, Okere OE, Oboh E, Waguia-Kouam R, Rahman R, Asemota I, Reddy R, von Isenburg M, Haglund MM, Fuller AT, Adeleye AO. The Scope, Trends, and Challenges of Neurosurgical Research in Nigeria: A Bibliometric Review. World Neurosurg 2024; 185:e86-e98. [PMID: 37931875 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.10.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates the scope, trends, and challenges of neurosurgical research in Nigeria since inception of the specialty in 1962. METHODS A bibliometric review of the neurosurgical literature from Nigeria was performed. Variables extracted included year and journal of publication, article topic, article type, research type, study design, article focus area, and limitations. Descriptive and quantitative analyses were performed for all variables. Trends of research publications were described in three periods: pioneering (1962-1981), recession (1982-2001), and resurgent (2002-2021). RESULTS Of the 1023 included articles, 10.0% were published in the pioneering period, 9.2% in the recession period, and 80.8% in the resurgent period. Papers were predominantly published in World Neurosurgery (4.5%) and Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice (4.0%). A total of 79.9% of the 4618 authors were from Nigerian institutions; 86.3% of the articles covered clinical research and were mainly focused on service delivery and epidemiology (89.9%). The most prominent topics were traumatic brain injury (25.8%) and central nervous system malignancy (21.4%). Only 4.4% of the publications received funding, mostly from agencies in the United States (31.7%). Barriers to neurosurgical research included lack of clinical databases (18.0%), increasing burden of disease (12.5%), and diagnostic challenges (12.4%). CONCLUSIONS Neurosurgical research in Nigeria continues to grow due to increased training, workforce, and infrastructural improvements. Addressing the major challenges through establishment of research databases, development of evidence-based management guidelines, and increasing research training, funding and opportunities can increase research capacity in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvan-Emeka K Ukachukwu
- Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Olaniyi D Ogundeji
- Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nancy Abu-Bonsrah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Megan E H Still
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yesel Trillo-Ordonez
- Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ehita N Oboh
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Shiva A Nischal
- Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Durham, North Carolina, USA; University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Di D Deng
- Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chiazam Ugorji
- Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andreas Seas
- Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Duke University Pratt School of Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Oluwakemi A Badejo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Toluyemi A Malomo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Ena Oboh
- Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Raphia Rahman
- Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Isaac Asemota
- Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ramya Reddy
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Megan von Isenburg
- Duke University Medical Center Library and Archives, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael M Haglund
- Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Duke University Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anthony T Fuller
- Duke University Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Duke University Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amos O Adeleye
- Department of Neurosurgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Begley SL, Pelcher I, Schulder M. Topic Reviews in Neurosurgical Journals: An Analysis of Publication Trends. World Neurosurg 2023; 179:171-176. [PMID: 37648204 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.08.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topic review articles have become increasingly popular, even as the neurosurgical community looks to peer-reviewed journals as a source of discovery in basic and clinical science. In this study we quantify the prevalence of topic review articles in top neurosurgery journals. METHODS The top 20 neurosurgery journals were defined by Google Scholar metrics. The PubMed database quantified the number of topic reviews compared with the total number of articles published; data were analyzed for trends between 1945 and 2022. RESULTS All 20 journals have published topic reviews since the start of records on PubMed. Total publications have increased from <500 before 1980 to >8000 in 2022. Topic reviews have increased from <1% before 1980, to 2% by 2000, and to 3%-4% since 2010. The linear trend line equation for the total percentage of reviews in all journals shows a small increase in topic reviews per year. Three journals decreased review publication whereas 4 have reached prevalence >10%. The prevalence of topic reviews increased significantly from the first (2.13) to the last (4.76) year of publication (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS The increasing prevalence of topic reviews is seen in most neurosurgery journals, reflecting supply and demand. Although there are benefits to these articles, they do not contribute novel data. Actions such as defining and labeling this publication type in journals and databases will improve the transparency of research methods. Academic neurosurgeons should further expand their knowledge and not become focused only on introspection into and review of neurosurgical understanding and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina L Begley
- Department of Neurosurgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, New York, USA.
| | - Isabelle Pelcher
- Department of Neurosurgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Michael Schulder
- Department of Neurosurgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, New York, USA
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Takroni R, Sharma S, Reddy K, Zagzoog N, Aljoghaiman M, Alotaibi M, Farrokhyar F. Randomized controlled trials in neurosurgery. Surg Neurol Int 2022; 13:379. [PMID: 36128088 PMCID: PMC9479513 DOI: 10.25259/sni_1032_2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have become the standard method of evaluating new interventions (whether medical or surgical), and the best evidence used to inform the development of new practice guidelines. When we review the history of medical versus surgical trials, surgical RCTs usually face more challenges and difficulties when conducted. These challenges can be in blinding, recruiting, funding, and even in certain ethical issues. Moreover, to add to the complexity, the field of neurosurgery has its own unique challenges when it comes to conducting an RCT. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the history of neurosurgical RCTs, focusing on some of the most critical challenges and obstacles that face investigators. The main domains this review will address are: (1) Trial design: equipoise, blinding, sham surgery, expertise-based trials, reporting of outcomes, and pilot trials, (2) trial implementation: funding, recruitment, and retention, and (3) trial analysis: intention-to-treat versus as-treated and learning curve effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwan Takroni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sunjay Sharma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kesava Reddy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nirmeen Zagzoog
- Department of Neurosurgery, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Majid Aljoghaiman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mazen Alotaibi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Forough Farrokhyar
- Department of Health, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Blanco-Teherán C, Quintana-Pájaro L, Narvaez-Rojas A, Martínez-Pérez R, García-Ballestas E, Moscote Salazar L, Prada-Soto S, Lozada-Martínez I. Evidence-based medicine in neurosurgery: why and how? J Neurosurg Sci 2021; 66:49-53. [PMID: 34342191 DOI: 10.23736/s0390-5616.21.05331-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Since its inception, medical training and practice are based primarily on the clinical experience provided by the mentors of each of the medical schools. In the 1990s, the first steps were taken for the construction of what we now know as evidence-based medicine. Evidence-based medicine is the set of studies, methods, and principles for the prevention of medical diseases, management guidelines, and algorithms used in sources of evidence. Neurosurgery based on evidence has emerged thanks to advances in neuroscience and information technology that allows the globalization of current scientific information. The results of important reviews on the levels of evidence in neurosurgery are low in percentages of high-quality evidence in this field of medicine. Based on the above, the objective of this manuscript is to describe the application of evidence in neurosurgery, the current state of the art in evidence-based medicine, and the steps needed to create evidence of the best quality in neurosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexis Narvaez-Rojas
- Department of General Surgery, Carlos Roberto Huembes Hospital, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, Managua, Nicaragua
| | | | | | - Luis Moscote Salazar
- Center for Biomedical Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia.,Medical and Surgical Research Center, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia.,Colombian Clinical Research Group in Neurocritical Care, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia.,Latin American Council of Neurocritical Care, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Silvia Prada-Soto
- Medical and Surgical Research Center, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Ivan Lozada-Martínez
- Medical and Surgical Research Center, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia - .,Colombian Clinical Research Group in Neurocritical Care, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia.,Latin American Council of Neurocritical Care, Cartagena, Colombia
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Dechambenoit G, Moreau JJ, Roche PH, Cornu P. Sustainable neurosurgical training around the globe. A review and outline. Neurochirurgie 2021; 67:599-605. [PMID: 33753129 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sharing an equal and quality neurosurgical training across the globe without exclusion may seem utopian. However, such training is possible through educational opportunities and the ongoing digital revolution. The aim is to present the current state of neurosurgery training and education methods indicating strengths, weaknesses and opportunities. The thoughts, comments and suggestions of the authors are based on their academic experiences, training missions around the world and particularly in low- and middle-income countries by pointing out the French experience. The learning must be interactive and programmed over time, integrating varied courses and activities. Virtual reality and neurosurgical simulation need to be developed. The content of the teaching including e-learning must be evidence-based and peer-reviewed. Pedagogical training of trainers is fundamental. It is critical to evaluate the training under real working conditions. The optimization of human resources should create economies of scale that would attenuate the financial burden. The commitment of the teams, tutoring are success factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dechambenoit
- Neurochirurgie, CMCO Côte d'Opale Route de Desvres, 62280 Saint Martin Boulogne, France.
| | - J-J Moreau
- Département Universitaire d'Enseignement Numérique en Santé, Faculté de Médecine, 2, rue Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges cedex, France.
| | - P-H Roche
- Neurochirurgie Hôpital Nord, Pôle NEUROSCIENCES, Hôpital Nord, chemin des Bourrely, 13915 Marseille cedex 20, France.
| | - P Cornu
- Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.
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Esene IN. Commentary: Pearls for Interpreting Neurosurgical Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: Lessons From a Collaborative Effort. Neurosurgery 2020; 87:E594-E595. [DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyaa376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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8
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Harbaugh RE. How the science of practice will improve evidence-based care. Neurosurg Focus 2020; 48:E7. [PMID: 32357324 DOI: 10.3171/2020.2.focus202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This review article analyzes the present evidence-based medicine (EBM) algorithm, compares it to the science of practice (SOP) algorithm, and demonstrates how the SOP can evolve from a quality assurance and quality improvement tool into a clinical research tool. Using appropriately constructed prospective observational databases (PODs), the SOP algorithm can be used to draw causal inferences from nonrandomized data, perform innovative comparative effectiveness research, and generate reliable information that can be used to guide treatment decisions.
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Lu VM, Graffeo CS, Perry A, Link MJ, Meyer FB, Dawood HY, Mekary RA, Smith TR. Pearls for Interpreting Neurosurgical Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: Lessons From a Collaborative Effort. Neurosurgery 2020; 87:435-441. [DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyaa027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses in the neurosurgical literature have surged in popularity over the last decade. It is our concern that, without a renewed effort to critically interpret and appraise these studies as high or low quality, we run the risk of the quality and value of evidence-based medicine in neurosurgery being misinterpreted. Correspondingly, we have outlined 4 major domains to target in interpreting neurosurgical systematic reviews and meta-analyses based on the lessons learned by a collaboration of clinicians and academics summarized as 4 pearls. The domains of (1) heterogeneity, (2) modeling, (3) certainty, and (4) bias in neurosurgical systematic reviews and meta-analyses were identified as aspects in which the authors’ approaches have changed over time to improve robustness and transparency. Examples of how and why these pearls were adapted were provided in areas of cranial neuralgia, spine, pediatric, and neuro-oncology to demonstrate how neurosurgical readers and writers may improve their interpretation of these domains. The incorporation of these pearls into practice will empower neurosurgical academics to effectively interpret systematic reviews and meta-analyses, enhancing the quality of our evidence-based medicine literature while maintaining a critical focus on the needs of the individual patients in neurosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Avital Perry
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michael J Link
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Fredric B Meyer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Hassan Y Dawood
- Computational Neuroscience Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rania A Mekary
- Computational Neuroscience Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- School of Pharmacy, MCPHS University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy R Smith
- Computational Neuroscience Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Gorayeb RP, Forjaz MJ, Ferreira AG, Duarte GNS, Machado T, Ferreira JJ. Electronic search strategies fail to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in neurosurgery. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2019; 184:105446. [PMID: 31377675 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2019.105446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard studies to evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. Although they are frequently identified through open searches in electronic databases, no studies have evaluated how easy it is to identify RCTs in neurosurgery using electronic search strategies. The present study evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of different search strategies applied to commonly used databases to identify RCTs in neurosurgery. The total number of RCTs in neurosurgery published between 1960 and 2013 was determined through a detailed search involving open keyword searches in PubMed, Cochrane Library and Center for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD) databases, a PubMed search based on clinical entity-related keywords and hand-searches on the reference list of identified articles. The sensitivity and specificity were calculated for the open keyword searches on PubMed, the Cochrane Library and the CRD database and for the Cochrane's HSSS, based on the total number of the identified RCTs. Compared to the total of 1102 RCTs identified, PubMed open search yielded 4660 articles, among which 365 were RCTs (sensitivity: 33.1%; specificity: 7.8%). Cochrane open search yielded 621 among which 36 were RCTs (sensitivity: 3.2%; specificity: 5.8%) and CRD open search returned 78 articles, among which 4 were RCTs (sensitivity: 0.4% sensitivity; specificity: 5.1%). The Cochrane HSSS retrieved 10702 results, among which 340 were RCTs (sensitivity: 30.9%; specificity: 3.2%). Most RCTs in neurosurgery cannot be identified by commonly used search strategies, which emphasizes the need to improve their indexing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Panico Gorayeb
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Maria João Forjaz
- National School of Public Health, Institute of Health Carlos III and REDISSEC, Biscay, Spain
| | | | - Gonçalo N S Duarte
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tiago Machado
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joaquim José Ferreira
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal; CNS - Campus Neurológico Sénior, Torres Vedras, Portugal
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