The Association between PAI-1 Gene Promoter Polymorphism and Serum Serpin E1, MDA, and Hs-CRP Levels in Coronary Artery Disease

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Polymorphisms and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease: Evidence From Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis

A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to find out if there was association between Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene polymorphisms (- 844 G > A and - 675 4G > 5G) and susceptibility to coronary artery disease (CAD). Search of electronic databases was performed and the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were exerted to evaluate the pooled association between the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and risk of CAD. For - 675 4G > 5G SNP, dominant (OR = 0.90), recessive (OR = 0.90), allelic (OR = 0.91), homozygous (OR = 0.84), and heterozygous (OR = 0.96) models were significantly associated with decreased risk of CAD. Moreover, all five genetic models were associated significantly with decreased CAD risk in the Causation and Arab populations. The results in Asians were marginally significant in recessive, allelic, and homozygote models. The male gender was found to be a risk factor in individuals with PAI-1 4G > 5G SNP in the dominant model (OR = 0.89), recessive model (OR = 0.91), allelic model (OR = 0.92), homozygous model (OR = 0.86), and heterozygous model (OR = 0.91). The results of pooled ORs for overall populations and subgroup analysis by ethnicity reject any association between PAI-1 gene - 844 G > A polymorphism and CAD risk under all genetic comparisons. The results of this meta-analysis indicated that PAI-1 4G > 5G SNP was associated with decreased risk of CAD in the overall population as well as in the Asians, Caucasians, and Arab populations. However, the PAI-1 gene - 844 G > A polymorphism had no significant association with susceptibility to CAD.

Study of rs1137101 polymorphism of leptin receptor gene with serum levels of selenium and copper in the patients of non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) in an Iranian population

OBJECTIVE

NSTEMI is a type of myocardial infarction (MI) causing partial but progressive occlusion of cardiac coronary vessels. The aim of this study was to investigate rs1137101 polymorphism of soluble leptin receptor (sLEPR) as well as circulatory selenium and copper levels in NSTEMI patients and their usefulness in analyzing susceptibility to NSTEMI.

METHODS

We collected sera and whole blood of 80 NSTEMI patients and 80 healthy individuals using cTnI levels plus electrocardiography as the "gold standard". Polymorphism analysis was done after DNA extraction by high-resolution melt PCR, selenium and copper levels by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and sLEPR by ELISA.

RESULTS AND DISCUTION

There was Hardy-Weinberg (HWE) equilibrium for both patient and control loci (χ2 = 0.368434509 and 0.341447368, respectively). The frequencies of A/A, A/G, and G/G genotypes were 18 (22%), 37 (46%), and 25 (31%) for patients, and 30 (38%), 36 (45%), and 14 (18%) for healthy controls, respectively. The frequencies of A and G alleles were 73 (46%) and 87 (54%) for patients and 96 (60%) and 64 (40%) for control groups. There was correlation between allele G and sLEPR level and Body Mass Index (BMI). Selenium levels were lower in patient group than control group (66.307 ± 11.013 against 87.488 ± 11.839 μg/L; p < 0.001) but copper concentrations were higher (1.8105 ± 0.358 against 1.366 ± 0.454 mg/L; p < 0.001). sLEPR levels were also higher in patient than control group (30.568 ± 3.290 against 23.740 ± 5.457 ng/dL; p < .001). Low selenium and high copper concentration had positive diagnostic value for disease.

CONCLUSION

We find for the first time that there is a significant association between rs1137101 polymorphism and susceptibility to NSTEMI. There is also statistically meaningful association between decrease in serum selenium and increase in serum copper levels with susceptibility to NSTEMI.