1
|
Vanitha PR, Somashekaraiah R, Divyashree S, Pan I, Sreenivasa MY. Antifungal activity of probiotic strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MYSN7 against Trichophyton tonsurans. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1192449. [PMID: 37389341 PMCID: PMC10303898 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1192449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to assess the probiotic attributes and antifungal activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) against the fungus, Trichophyton tonsurans. Among the 20 isolates screened for their antifungal attributes, isolate MYSN7 showed strong antifungal activity and was selected for further analysis. The isolate MYSN7 exhibited potential probiotic characteristics, having 75 and 70% survival percentages in pH3 and pH2, respectively, 68.73% tolerance to bile, a moderate cell surface hydrophobicity of 48.87%, and an auto-aggregation percentage of 80.62%. The cell-free supernatant (CFS) of MYSN7 also showed effective antibacterial activity against common pathogens. Furthermore, the isolate MYSN7 was identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum by 16S rRNA sequencing. Both L. plantarum MYSN7 and its CFS exhibited significant anti-Trichophyton activity in which the biomass of the fungal pathogen was negligible after 14 days of incubation with the active cells of probiotic culture (106 CFU/ml) and at 6% concentration of the CFS. In addition, the CFS inhibited the germination of conidia even after 72 h of incubation. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the lyophilized crude extract of the CFS was observed to be 8 mg/ml. Preliminary characterization of the CFS showed that the active component would be organic acids in nature responsible for antifungal activity. Organic acid profiling of the CFS using LC-MS revealed that it was a mixture of 11 different acids, and among these, succinic acid (9,793.60 μg/ml) and lactic acid (2,077.86 μg/ml) were predominant. Additionally, a scanning electron microscopic study revealed that CFS disrupted fungal hyphal structure significantly, which showed scanty branching and bulged terminus. The study indicates the potential of L. plantarum MYSN7 and its CFS to control the growth of T. tonsurans. Furthermore, in vivo studies need to be conducted to explore its possible applications on skin infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. R. Vanitha
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India
- Maharani's Science College for Women, Mysuru, India
| | | | - S. Divyashree
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India
| | - Indranil Pan
- Department of Biosciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - M. Y. Sreenivasa
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Divyashree S, Shruthi B, Vanitha P, Sreenivasa M. Probiotics and their postbiotics for the control of opportunistic fungal pathogens: A review. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 38:e00800. [PMID: 37215743 PMCID: PMC10196798 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2023.e00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
During past twenty years the opportunistic fungal infections have been emerging, causing morbidity and mortality. The fungi belonging to Aspergillus, Mucor, Rhizopus, Candida, Fusarium, Penicillium, Dermatophytes and others cause severe opportunistic fungal infections. Among these Aspergillus and Candida spp cause majority of the diseases. The continuum of fungal infections will prolong to progress in the surroundings of the growing inhabitants of immunocompromised individuals. Presently many chemical-based drugs were used as prophylactic and therapeutic agents. Prolonged usage of antibiotics may lead to some severe effect on the human health. Also, one of the major threats is that the fungal pathogens are becoming the drug resistant. There are many physical, chemical, and mechanical methods to prevent the contamination or to control the disease. Owing to the limitations that are observed in such methods, biological methods are gaining more interest because of the use of natural products which have comparatively less side effects and environment friendly. In recent years, research on the possible use of natural products such as probiotics for clinical use is gaining importance. Probiotics, one of the well studied biological products, are safe upon consumption and are explored to treat various fungal infections. The antifungal potency of major groups of probiotic cultures such as Lactobacillus spp, Leuconostoc spp, Saccharomyces etc. and their metabolic byproducts which act as postbiotics like organic acids, short chain fatty acids, bacteriocin like metabolites, Hydrogen peroxide, cyclic dipeptides etc. to inhibit these opportunistic fungal pathogens have been discussed here.
Collapse
|
3
|
Kosgey JC, Jia L, Fang Y, Yang J, Gao L, Wang J, Nyamao R, Cheteu M, Tong D, Wekesa V, Vasilyeva N, Zhang F. Probiotics as antifungal agents: Experimental confirmation and future prospects. J Microbiol Methods 2019; 162:28-37. [PMID: 31071354 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fungal burden throughout the world is very high and it keeps escalating due to increasing numbers of immunocompromised individuals. In contrast, the drugs used in management of fungal infections are so few some with high toxicity. Furthermore, highly resistant fungal pathogens are emerging for example Candida auris, Candida glabrata, Candida gullemondii and Aspergillus species among others. Thus now, more than ever, there is a need for combined efforts and an all round search for possible solutions to curb these problems. Therefore, the role of probiotics in management of fungal infections is indispensable. In fact, the antimicrobial activity of probiotics has been screened with promising results against microbial pathogens. Although, recent reports indicated that probiotics may also contribute to protect against fungal infections, the research done in checking antifungal activity of probiotics has used varied technology. This calls for harmonization of the methods used to screen and confirm the antimicrobial activity of probiotics and other candidate microorganisms. We therefore sought to address issues of disparity in probiotic research and their outcomes. Thus this paper is in order as it comprehensively reviews' publications, provides a summary of the methods and future prospects of probiotics as antifungal agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janet Cheruiyot Kosgey
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; WU Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; School of biological and life sciences, Technical University of Kenya, 52428-00200, Kenya
| | - Lina Jia
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; WU Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yong Fang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; WU Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Jianxun Yang
- WU Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; Department of Dermatology, The 2nd Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; Electron Microscopy Center, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Jielin Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Rose Nyamao
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; WU Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Martin Cheteu
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; WU Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Dandan Tong
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Vitalis Wekesa
- School of biological and life sciences, Technical University of Kenya, 52428-00200, Kenya; Flamingo Horticulture, Dudutech Division, P.O Box 1927, 20117, Naivasha, Kenya
| | - Natalia Vasilyeva
- Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology, Department of Microbiology, North-Western State Medical University named after Machnikov, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Fengmin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; WU Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
| |
Collapse
|