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Lee JJ, Kim BW, Kong SY, Park GJ, Chai HS, Kim YM, Park HJ, Kim H, Lee SW, Kim SC. Age-specific characteristics of road traffic injuries among children and adolescents in South Korea. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2023:1-6. [PMID: 37216479 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2023.2212308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are the leading cause of mortality among children and adolescents. This study aimed to identify and compare the age-specific epidemiology, clinical characteristics and factors related to severe RTIs among children and adolescents who had RTIs. METHODS This multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted using data collected between January 2011 and December 2018 in the Emergency Department-based Injury In-depth Surveillance registry in South Korea. A total of 66,632 participants younger than 19 years who presented with RTIs to emergency departments (EDs) were classified under three age groups: preschoolers (age 0-6 years, n = 18,694), elementary school student (age 7-12 years, n = 21,251), and middle and high school student (age 13-18 years, n = 26,687). Data on demographic and injury-related factors were analyzed, and multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the factors related to severe RTIs, which were defined as the Excess Mortality Ratio-based Injury Severity Score ≥16. RESULTS RTIs among children and adolescents were more common in boys (71.0%), during weekdays (39.7%), in the summer (31.1%), and between 12 noon and 6 pm (47.9%). The most common type of road users were passengers (preschoolers, 46.4%) and cyclists (age 7-12 years and age 13-18 years, 50.1% and 36.2%, respectively). The proportion of head injury was highest in the preschoolers group (57.3%). The length of ED stay, Excess Mortality Ratio-adjusted Injury Severity Score, and the proportion of intensive care unit admission increased with age. Nighttime (0-6 am), vulnerable road users (motorcyclists, bicyclists, and pedestrians), and use of emergency medical services were significantly associated with severe injury. CONCLUSIONS The three age groups of patients younger than 19 years with RTIs differed in the types of road user, proportions of injured body regions, and clinical outcomes. In an effort to reduce RTIs to children and adolescents, age-specific focused intervention should be considered. Additionally, the injury severity was found to be associated with nighttime occurrence, vulnerable road users, ED visit through emergency medical services, and nonuse of safety devices across all age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ju Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Woo Kim
- Department of Paramedic Science, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Kong
- Strategic Research, Laerdal Medical, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Gwan-Jin Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Seok Chai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jin Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Woo Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Chul Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
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Hashemi Juzdani M, Morgan CH, Schwebel DC, Tabibi Z. Children's Road-Crossing Behavior: Emotional Decision Making and Emotion-Based Temperamental Fear and Anger. J Pediatr Psychol 2020; 45:1188-1198. [PMID: 32951057 PMCID: PMC7850000 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsaa076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Child pedestrian injuries represent a global public health burden. To date, most research on psychosocial factors affecting children's risk of pedestrian injury focused on cognitive aspects of children's functioning in traffic. Recent evidence suggests, however, that emotional aspects such as temperament-based fear and anger/frustration, as well as executive function-based emotional decision making, may also affect children's safety in traffic. This study examined the role of emotions on children's pedestrian behavior. Three hypotheses were considered: (a) emotion-based temperament factors of fear and anger/frustration will predict children's risky decisions and behaviors; (b) emotional decision making will predict risky pedestrian decisions and behaviors; and (c) children's pedestrian decision making will mediate relations between emotion and risky pedestrian behavior. The role of gender was also considered. METHODS In total, 140 6- to 7-year-old children (M = 6.7 years, SD = 0.39; 51% girls) participated. Parent-report subscales of Child Behavior Questionnaire measured temperamental fear and anger/frustration. The Hungry Donkey Task, a modified version of Iowa Gambling Task for children, measured children's emotional decision making, and a mobile virtual reality pedestrian environment measured child pedestrian behavior. RESULTS Greater anger/frustration, lesser fear, and more emotional decision making all predicted poorer pedestrian decision making. The mediational model demonstrated that pedestrian decision making, as assessed by delays entering safe traffic gaps, mediated the relation between emotion and risky pedestrian behavior. Analyses stratified by gender showed stronger mediation results for girls than for boys. CONCLUSIONS These results support the influence of emotions on child pedestrian behavior and reinforce the need to incorporate emotion regulation training into child pedestrian education programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Casie H Morgan
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | | | - Zahra Tabibi
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
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