Part 2. Environmental Factors And Individual Features In System Of Evaluation Of Human Genome Instability. Additional Capability Of The Test The Technique For Cytogenetic Analysis

Effect of Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme Gene Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism on genome instability in children living in Russian Arctic

Main risks of arterial hypertension manifest in childhood. Children living in the Far North are especially susceptible to this. There is a need for an inexpensive, non-invasive and simple diagnosis of the risk of childhood pathologies. It was previously found that the genotype DD of the in/del polymorphic marker of the ACE gene is found in people at risk of developing cardiovascular pathologies. Buccal micronucleus cytome assay and genetic analysis were used in the work. In total, 77 schoolchildren from the city of Apatity, aged 15-17 years old, were examined. We have shown that carriers of the D allele have a tendency to an increase in the frequency of cells with micronuclei. In the case of homozygous I/I variant, the frequency of occurrence of cells with karyopycnosis is significantly higher than in carriers of allele D. Polymorphic marker in/del of the ACE gene is associated with apoptotic changes in the cells of the studied children. The in/del polymorphic marker of the ACE gene can be used as a prognostic marker of the processes of genome destabilization at the early stages of development of the human body.

Cytogenetic status of blood lymphocytes in schoolchildren living middle and high latitudes

Intensive industrial development of the northern regions of the Russian Federation is primarily associated with the extraction and processing of natural resources, which leads to environmental pollution and makes the tasks of sanitary and hygienic monitoring urgent. Rapid methods are convenient for the rapid diagnosis of the genetic well-being of the environment, one of which is the micronucleus test in combination with the cytokinetic block cytochalasin B. mitosis. At the moment, there are scanty data on the inter-latitudinal comparison of the results of cytogenetic studies on cells of various human tissues, which greatly complicates the comparison of the results obtained in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation with data from more southern regions. The purpose of this study is to identify and compare division abnormalities in cells of peripheral blood lymphocytes in two groups of older schoolchildren living in middle and high latitudes. The study was carried out in the city of Serpukhov, Moscow region (54 ° 54 '56 "N, 37 ° 24' 40" E) and the city of Apatity, Murmansk region (67 ° 34'03 "N, 33 ° 23'36 ″ E). A total of 40 children aged 16-18 were examined - 20 children each from the city of Serpukhov and from the city of Apatity. The micronucleus test was carried out in accordance with the international protocol. Cytogenetic analysis of schoolchildren's peripheral blood lymphocytes using the micronucleus test showed that the spontaneous number of cells with micronuclei is comparable in middle and high latitudes, and approaches the upper limit of the mean population norm. Therefore, when comparing the data of the micronucleus test on the cells of peripheral blood lymphocytes of the studied groups, it is permissible not to take into account the latitude of residence.