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Asadi N, Tappeh KH, Mohebbi I, Yousefi E, Khademvatan S. Screening of Cystic Echinococcosis and Toxocariasis in Urmia Municipal Workers, Northwest Iran. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:220-229. [PMID: 32516106 DOI: 10.2174/1871526520666200609121400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Echinococcus granulosus and Toxocara spp., the causative agents of hydatid cyst and toxocariasis in humans and animals, are zoonotic infections with medical and veterinary significance respectively. AIM Herein, we aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of toxocariasis and cystic echinococcosis in Urmia municipal workers (gardeners and sweepers) in 2018 using ELISA assay. OBJECTIVE There is no precise report on the seroprevalence of toxocariasis and cystic echinococcosis in Urmia municipal workers using ELISA assay. Therefore, this study found an opportunity to investigate this subject. METHODS A total of 220 blood samples were obtained from municipal workers with an average age of 41.31 ± 9.42. Commercial anti-Toxocara canis and hydatid cyst ELISA kits were used to assess the seroprevalence rates. RESULTS Approximately, 14.5% and 2.3% of individuals were seropositive for toxocariasis and hydatidosis, respectively. Consuming unboiled milk and/or raw/uncooked meat and rural conditions are risk factors for toxocariasis. Regarding hydatidosis, consuming unwashed vegetables was the only statistically significant risk factor. Toxocara infection (p = 0.01), but not hydatid cyst (p = 0.05), is more prevalent among sweepers than municipal gardeners. CONCLUSION Due to the occupational condition of municipal workers, they are exposed to many infectious agents; thus, more researches should be done on these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Asadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center & Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Khosrow Hazrati Tappeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center & Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Iraj Mohebbi
- Social Determinants of Health Center, Occupational Medicine Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Elham Yousefi
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Khademvatan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center & Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Salimi Khorashad A, Shahraki M, Rahmati Balaghaleh M, Abdolahi Khabisi S, Rala S, Shafiei R, Mirahmadi H. Seroprevalence of Toxocara spp. in children (3-13 years old) in Zahedan, Southeast of Iran. J Parasit Dis 2020; 45:449-453. [PMID: 34295044 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-020-01320-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Child Toxocariasis (CT) is one of the most important helminthic parasitic diseases in Iran. The current study was aimed to determine the seroprevalence of toxocariasis in children in Zahedan, southeast of Iran. In this cross-sectional study, serum samples of 373 children aged 3-13 years old referred to health centers in Zahedan were collected randomly with criteria based on the parameters that were used in earlier studies and examined for anti-Toxocara antibody using a commercial ELISA kit. Of the 373 recruited subjects, 206 (55.2%) were male and 167 (44.8%) were female. Most of the subjects (36.5%) were in the age group 3-4 years old. Anti-Toxocara antibodies were detected in the sera of five out of 373 individuals, corresponding to a seroprevalence rate of 1.3%. A significant correlation was found between the incidence of disease and eosinophilia, a history of contact with dogs or cats, as well as the consumption of raw vegetables and drinking of contaminated water. There was no significant correlation between prevalence and gender or age. The finding of this study revealed that the prevalent CT is relatively low in Zahedan region. The rate of CT infection in the southeast of Iran was lower than the rate in other parts of Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Salimi Khorashad
- Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistance Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Majid Shahraki
- Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistance Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mansour Rahmati Balaghaleh
- Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistance Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Abdolahi Khabisi
- Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistance Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Sangeetha Rala
- Tampere University of Applied Sciences, Kuntokatu 3, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Reza Shafiei
- Vector-Borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Hadi Mirahmadi
- Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistance Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Rezaiemanesh MR, Afzalaghaee M, Hamidi S, Eshaghzadeh A, Paydar M, Hejazi SH. Prevalence of toxocariasis and its related risk factors in humans, dogs and cats in northeastern Iran: a population-based study. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2020; 113:399-409. [PMID: 30892638 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trz011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxocariasis is one of the most common zoonotic infections in dogs and cats. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of anti-Toxocara antibodies and identify the epidemiological and clinical features and related risk factors of toxocariasis in the general population along with the prevalence of this infection in dogs and cats in northeast Iran. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, anti-Toxocara antibodies from 1150 urban and rural participants were examined using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, the stool specimens of 538 dogs and 236 cats were tested using the formalin-ether concentration technique. Sociodemographic data and related risk factors were collected using a structured questionnaire and the data on clinical manifestations were obtained from personal health records. RESULTS Anti-Toxocara antibodies were detected in 7.2% (83/1150) of the study population. Risk factors for seropositivity based on multivariable analysis were younger age (p=0.019), living in rural areas (p=0.048), occupations with high exposure risk to toxocariasis (p=0.001), contact with dogs or cats (p=0.003), contact with soil (p=0.001), history of geophagy (p=0.001) and the consumption of raw or undercooked liver (p=0.001). The prevalence of symptoms such as asthma, shortness of breath, blurred vision, abdominal pain and epilepsy were significantly higher in seropositive individuals compared with seronegative ones. Toxocara eggs were found in 15.1% (81/538) of dogs and 34.7% (82/236) of cats. A significant relationship was found between infection in dogs and cats and age, type, place of residence and anthelmintic consumption. CONCLUSIONS Identification of anti-Toxocara antibodies in the general population and the presence of confirmed infections in dogs and cats indicates exposure to Toxocara infection as a public health problem in northeast Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Rezaiemanesh
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Monavar Afzalaghaee
- Social Determinant of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara Hamidi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Ameneh Eshaghzadeh
- Health Network Laboratory of Roshtkhar, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad Iran
| | - Maryam Paydar
- Social Determinant of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Hejazi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran.,Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Erfani A, Pouryousef A, Arefkhah N, Shahriarirad R, Rastegarian M, Zeighami A, Mikaeili F, Hosseini SY, Sarkari B. Seroprevalence of toxocariasis and its related risk factors among municipal street sweepers in Shiraz District in Fars Province, southern Iran. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2019.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Aghamolaie S, Seyyedtabaei SJ, Behniafar H, Foroutan M, Saber V, Hanifehpur H, Mehravar S, Rostami A. Seroepidemiology, modifiable risk factors and clinical symptoms of Toxocara spp. infection in northern Iran. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2020; 113:116-122. [PMID: 30407595 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/try118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxocariasis is one of the most important and widespread neglected tropical infectious diseases. We designed a cross-sectional study to assess the seroepidemiological aspects of toxocariasis among the general population in northern Iran. A total of 630 rural subjects were enrolled to participate in the study. The presence of anti-Toxocara immunoglobulin G (IgG) was tested using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A structured questionnaire was also used to evaluate the potential risk factors and related clinical signs/symptoms. The presence of anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies was detected in 148 of the 630 rural subjects (23.5% [95% confidence interval {CI} 21.8 to 25.1]). By multivariate analysis, age (odds ratio [OR] 2.89 [95% CI 1 to -8.3], p=0.04), eating improperly washed vegetables (OR 4.05 [95% CI 2.47 to 6.64], p<0.001), contact with dogs (OR 3.31 [95% CI 2.13 to 5.12], p<0.001) and exposure to soil (OR 3.56 [95% CI 2.13 to 5.13], p<0.001) were significantly associated with the seroprevalence of Toxocara. The clinical study also demonstrated that the seroprevalence of Toxocara infection was significantly associated with asthma (OR 3.78 [95% CI 1.63 to 8.75], p<0.001) and ophthalmic disorder (OR 1.83 [95% CI 1.04 to 3.21], p=0.034). The findings proved that residents of rural communities in tropical regions may be heavily exposed to Toxocara spp. We highly recommend more investigations in high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Aghamolaie
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Javad Seyyedtabaei
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Behniafar
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Foroutan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vafa Saber
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hooman Hanifehpur
- Department of Biological Control and Vaccine, Food and Drug Administration, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Mehravar
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Rostami
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Immunoregulation Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Toxocara Infection in Asthmatic Children: A Case-Control Study in Karaj District, Iran. ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.82370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Sarkari B, Alirezaei R, Layegh Gigloo A, Rezaei Z, Mikaeili F, Bahreini MS, Fararouei M. Seroprevalence and risk factors for Toxocara
infection among children in a rural community in Fars province, southern Iran. Parasite Immunol 2018; 40:e12582. [DOI: 10.1111/pim.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bahador Sarkari
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology; School of Medicine; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
| | - Roya Alirezaei
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology; School of Medicine; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
| | - Akram Layegh Gigloo
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology; School of Medicine; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
| | - Zahra Rezaei
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology; School of Medicine; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
| | - Fataneh Mikaeili
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology; School of Medicine; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
| | - Mohammad Saleh Bahreini
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology; School of Medicine; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
| | - Mohammad Fararouei
- Department of Epidemiology; School of Health; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz Iran
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Miladi H, Didehdar M, Hajihossein R, Rafiei F, Eslamirad Z. Evaluating correlation between serum liver enzymes and toxocariasis: a case control study. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(16)61068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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