[Mass-spectrometric MRM analysis of FDA-verified proteins in the blood plasma of healthy volunteers]

Proteomic Spectrum of Serum Exosomes in Ischemic Stroke Patients Is Associated with Cognitive Impairment in the Post-Stroke Period

Ischemic stroke (IS) and subsequent neuropsychiatric disorders are among the leading causes of disability worldwide. Several strategies have been previously proposed to utilize exosomes for assessing the risk of IS-related diseases. The aim of this work was to evaluate serum exosomal proteins in IS patients during the chronic post-stroke period and to search for their associations with the development of post-stroke mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Comparative quantitative proteomic analysis of serum exosomes of patients without post-stroke MCI (19 patients mean age 52.0 ± 8.1 years) and patients with post-stroke MCI (11 patients, mean age 64.8 ± 5.6 years) revealed significant differences in the levels of 62 proteins out of 186 identified. Increased levels of the proteins associated with immune system and decreased levels of the proteins involved in lipid metabolism were observed in the patients with MCI compared to the patients without MCI in the chronic post-stroke period. The obtained data suggest that the higher level of immune system activation in the patients during a relatively long period after IS may be one of the risk factors for the development of post-stroke cognitive disorders and suggest participation of exosomal transport in these processes.

Blood Plasma Proteome: A Meta-Analysis of the Results of Protein Quantification in Human Blood by Targeted Mass Spectrometry

A meta-analysis of the results of targeted quantitative screening of human blood plasma was performed to generate a reference standard kit that can be used for health analytics. The panel included 53 of the 296 proteins that form a “stable” part of the proteome of a healthy individual; these proteins were found in at least 70% of samples and were characterized by an interindividual coefficient of variation <40%. The concentration range of the selected proteins was 10−10−10−3 M and enrichment analysis revealed their association with rare familial diseases. The concentration of ceruloplasmin was reduced by approximately three orders of magnitude in patients with neurological disorders compared to healthy volunteers, and those of gelsolin isoform 1 and complement factor H were abruptly reduced in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Absolute quantitative data of the individual proteome of a healthy and diseased individual can be used as the basis for personalized medicine and health monitoring. Storage over time allows us to identify individual biomarkers in the molecular landscape and prevent pathological conditions.