1
|
Abou-Samra A, McTavish S, Whitehair R, Shildkrot YE. Hit and Run: Bilateral Massive Intraocular Lymphomatous Infiltration after CAR-T Therapy. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2024; 32:1444-1447. [PMID: 36952531 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2023.2191713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We report a case of bilateral intraocular infiltration of DLBCL after CAR-T therapy. METHODS Retrospective case report. RESULTS A 62-year-old Caucasian male with medical history of high-grade DLBCL presented with papillitis and vitritis upon completion of CAR-T therapy. Thorough infectious and diagnostic work-ups were performed. Diagnostic vitreous tap revealed intraocular lymphoma. The patient received external beam radiotherapy to both orbits with dramatic improvement in disc edema and vitritis. However, subsequent MRI showed development of intracranial metastatic disease, and the patient died within the same month. CONCLUSION Atypical intraocular metastasis of DLBCL may occur following CAR-T therapy and may indicate secondary changes in immunosurveillance within immune-privileged sites such as the eye.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Abou-Samra
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sloane McTavish
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Rachel Whitehair
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sadhar B, Yarkoni AG, Patel KK, Mantopoulos D, Milman T, Shields CL, Fine HF. Vitreoretinal Lymphoma Masquerading as Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2024; 55:467-470. [PMID: 38752916 DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20240410-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
The following is a case of vitreoretinal lymphoma masquerading as central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). A 74-year-old man presented with blurred vision in the left eye with unilateral subretinal fluid in the setting of exogenous corticosteroid use, which was diagnosed as CSCR and resolved with corticosteroid cessation. He later experienced a similar self-limited episode in the right eye. Subsequently, he developed bilateral vitritis with yellow-white subretinal pigment epithelial infiltrates. Vitreous biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of large B-cell lymphoma. Vitreoretinal lymphoma can masquerade as a number of ocular pathologies, including CSCR. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2024;55:467-470.].
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee KE, Kim YJ. Bilateral Multiple Retinal Detachments Associated with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Masquerading as Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2023; 31:7-10. [PMID: 34520312 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2021.1952275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We report a case of intraocular involvement in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma masquerading as Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. METHODS A 48-year-old woman presented with blurred vision in both eyes, fever, and hearing disturbance and underwent a complete ophthalmologic and systemic evaluation. RESULTS Ophthalmologic examination showed bilateral exudative retinal detachment and signs of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. However, considering her generalized symptoms, systemic evaluation was performed before administering systemic steroid pulse therapy. In a systemic investigation, the patient was diagnosed with intraocular involvement in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. After systemic chemotherapy, her bilateral visual acuity improved to 20/25 and the bilateral serous retinal detachment resolved. CONCLUSION In cases with prominent systemic symptoms, comprehensive systemic evaluation should be performed to rule out severe systemic conditions, such as malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ko Eun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jeon Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
He LF, Zhang JD, Chen XX, Wei RL. Epidemiology and survival outcomes of patients with primary intraocular lymphoma: a population-based analysis. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:486. [PMID: 36514001 PMCID: PMC9749366 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02702-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary intraocular lymphoma (PIOL) is a rare malignancy with a poor prognosis, but its optimal therapy remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to analyze the epidemiology and survival outcomes of PIOL patients based on a population-based cancer registry in the United States. METHODS Patients diagnosed with PIOL between 1992 and 2018 were identified from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results program. The patients were divided into two groups: those aged < 60 years and ≥ 60 years. We used the chi-squared test to analyze the differences between the two groups. Descriptive analyses were performed to analyze epidemiological characteristics and treatment. The likely prognostic factors were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS The overall incidence of PIOL was 0.23/1,000,000, which was steadily increasing from 1992 to 2018, with an annual percentage change of 2.35. In total, 326 patients (mean age, 66.1 years) with PIOL were included in this study, 72.1% were aged ≥ 60 years, 84.4% were White, and 60.4% were female. The most common pathological type was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), but in patients aged < 60 years, extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue was the most common. The disease-specific survival rates were 74.2% and 61.5% 5 and 10 years after diagnosis, respectively. Survival analysis found that surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy did not lead to better prognosis. CONCLUSIONS PIOL is a rare disease with poor prognosis, and its incidence has been increasing for nearly 30 years. It usually affects people aged ≥ 60 years, and DLBCL is the most common pathological type of PIOL. Patients aged < 60 years and with non-DLBCL type have improved survival. Survival of PIOL has improved in recent years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-feng He
- grid.413810.fDepartment of Ophthalmology, Changzheng Hospital of Naval Medicine University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-di Zhang
- grid.413810.fDepartment of Ophthalmology, Changzheng Hospital of Naval Medicine University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-xin Chen
- grid.413810.fDepartment of Ophthalmology, Changzheng Hospital of Naval Medicine University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui-li Wei
- grid.413810.fDepartment of Ophthalmology, Changzheng Hospital of Naval Medicine University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang M, Zhang T, Yan B, Huang Y. Value of Combined Diagnosis for Choroidal Lymphoma: A Case Report. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:8835-8845. [PMID: 36421348 PMCID: PMC9689627 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29110695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraocular lymphoma (IOL) comprises a group of malignant tumours originating from lymphohematopoietic tissues that have a poor prognosis. These tumours predominantly occur in the vitreous and retina but are rarely found in the choroid. A few case reports and case series of choroidal lymphoma (CL) have been reported in the literature. CL is prone to misdiagnosis and incorrect treatment because it often mimics other intraocular diseases such as uveitis. This may seriously affect localisation of the primary lesion and delay treatment, which may even affect the patient's survival. Herein, we report a case of CL and propose the combination of characteristic ophthalmic imaging with systemic imaging and aqueous humour detection to establish a robust basis for the early diagnosis of CL.
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang L, Lankry P, Rabinovitch D, Gallo R, Laiginhas R, Iyer P, Shulman S, Trivizki O. An Elderly Man with Atypical Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome. Case Rep Ophthalmol 2022; 13:892-896. [PMID: 36466057 PMCID: PMC9710463 DOI: 10.1159/000526583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A rare occurrence of an atypical case of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) in a 75-year-old man without viral prodrome or white dots on fundus that presented with acute, severe left eye visual loss, which returned to baseline without treatment in several weeks. Multimodal imaging, including fluorescein angiography (FA), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), indocyanine green angiography (ICG), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) demonstrated classical presentation of MEWDS with wreath-like lesions and inflammatory foci in the retinal pigment epithelium that correlated among modalities. Possible underlying systemic disorders were ruled out through extended work up. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to show atypical MEWDS in an elderly man with classic changes on FA, FAF, ICG, and OCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Polina Lankry
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, University of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David Rabinovitch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, University of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ryan Gallo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Rita Laiginhas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Prashanth Iyer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Shiri Shulman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, University of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Omer Trivizki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, University of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Patil S, Colby K, Lazzaro D. MALT Lymphoma Presenting with Peripheral Ulcerative Keratitis. Int Med Case Rep J 2022; 15:485-490. [PMID: 36120701 PMCID: PMC9477148 DOI: 10.2147/imcrj.s361865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sachi Patil
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Correspondence: Sachi Patil, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA, Tel +1 (631)-793-2594, Email
| | - Kathryn Colby
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Douglas Lazzaro
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
van Rooij JLM, Tokarska KA, ten Dam-van Loon NH, Wessels PH, Seute T, Minnema MC, Snijders TJ. Central Nervous System Progression in Primary Vitreoretinal Lymphoma with Bilateral and Unilateral Involvement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2967. [PMID: 35740632 PMCID: PMC9221335 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL) is either unilateral or bilateral at initial presentation. Progression to a central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma is regularly observed and these patients seem to have an inferior survival. Knowledge of the predictive value of laterality for CNS progression may facilitate risk stratification and the development of more effective treatment strategies, and eventually, improve outcomes. The objective of this analysis is to estimate the risk of CNS progression for patients with bilateral versus unilateral involvement of PVRL. METHODS Systematic literature search for studies on CNS progression in PVRL with bilateral and unilateral involvement according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We assessed the risk of bias and the methodological quality of studies using the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool. Risk ratios of CNS progression in PVRL with bilateral and unilateral involvement were calculated and combined via a meta-analysis. RESULTS Twenty-five small-sized (total n = 371 cases) studies were included. The majority of the studies were at medium to high risk of bias. Results suggest no significant difference in CNS progression between bilateral and unilateral PVRL, with a pooled relative risk ratio of 1.12 (95% confidence interval 0.89-1.41). CONCLUSIONS CNS progression is common in PVRL. From the limited available evidence, there is no significant difference in CNS progression between bilateral and unilateral PVRL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josephus L. M. van Rooij
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.L.M.v.R.); (K.A.T.); (T.S.)
| | - Klaudia A. Tokarska
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.L.M.v.R.); (K.A.T.); (T.S.)
| | | | - Peter H. Wessels
- Department of Neurology, St Antonius Hospital Utrecht/Nieuwegein, 3430 EM Nieuwegein, The Netherlands;
| | - Tatjana Seute
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.L.M.v.R.); (K.A.T.); (T.S.)
| | - Monique C. Minnema
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Tom J. Snijders
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.L.M.v.R.); (K.A.T.); (T.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
A Comprehensive Update on Retinal Vasculitis: Etiologies, Manifestations and Treatments. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092525. [PMID: 35566655 PMCID: PMC9101900 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal vasculitis is characterized by inflammatory involvement of retinal arterioles, venules and/or capillaries and can be associated with a myriad of systemic and ophthalmic diseases. In this review, we have comprehensively discussed the etiologies, clinical manifestations, and presentations of retinal vasculitis. We have also included newer advances in imaging in retinal vasculitis such as OCTA and widefield imaging.
Collapse
|
10
|
Exploring the FGF/FGFR System in Ocular Tumors: New Insights and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073835. [PMID: 35409195 PMCID: PMC8998873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular tumors are a family of rare neoplasms that develop in the eye. Depending on the type of cancer, they mainly originate from cells localized within the retina, the uvea, or the vitreous. Even though current treatments (e.g., radiotherapy, transpupillary thermotherapy, cryotherapy, chemotherapy, local resection, or enucleation) achieve the control of the local tumor in the majority of treated cases, a significant percentage of patients develop metastatic disease. In recent years, new targeting therapies and immuno-therapeutic approaches have been evaluated. Nevertheless, the search for novel targets and players is eagerly required to prevent and control tumor growth and metastasis dissemination. The fibroblast growth factor (FGF)/FGF receptor (FGFR) system consists of a family of proteins involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including cancer. Indeed, tumor and stroma activation of the FGF/FGFR system plays a relevant role in tumor growth, invasion, and resistance, as well as in angiogenesis and dissemination. To date, scattered pieces of literature report that FGFs and FGFRs are expressed by a significant subset of primary eye cancers, where they play relevant and pleiotropic roles. In this review, we provide an up-to-date description of the relevant roles played by the FGF/FGFR system in ocular tumors and speculate on its possible prognostic and therapeutic exploitation.
Collapse
|
11
|
Huang YT, Lin CJ, Liao PL, Hsu MY, Chang CH, Tien PT, Lai CT, Hsia NY, Bair H, Chen HS, Chiang CC, Tsai YY. The incidence of uveitis after systemic lymphoma in Taiwan: An 18-year nationwide population-based cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e28881. [PMID: 35212287 PMCID: PMC8878792 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although uveitis can be an intraocular presentation of systemic lymphoma, it may be associated with direct lymphomatous infiltration and immune-mediated alterations. There have been no published studies describing the incidence of uveitis after systemic lymphoma. We conducted a nationwide cohort study to investigate the incidence of uveitis after systemic lymphoma diagnosis in Taiwan. Data were collected from the Taiwan National Health Insurance system and included patients newly diagnosed with systemic lymphoma between 2000 and 2017. We observed the risk of uveitis among study population since the index date until December 2017. The 1:8 of systemic lymphoma patient and paired comparison was identified by time distribution matching and individual paired with sex and age. Subsequent propensity score matching (PSM) was used to select the 1:1 of systemic lymphoma patient and paired comparison by greedy algorism with caliper of 0.05. The multiple Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to compare the developmental risk of uveitis (time-to-uveitis) between the systemic lymphoma and non-systemic lymphoma, while controlling for selected covariates. After time distribution matching, we selected 6846 patients with systemic lymphoma, and 54,768 comparisons. Among patients with systemic lymphoma groups, there were more men than women (52.94% vs 47.06%) and the mean age was 53.32 ± 21.22 years old. Systemic lymphoma incidence rates (per 10,000 person-months) of uveitis were 1.94 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.60-2.35) in the systemic lymphoma cohort and 1.52 (95% CI, 1.42-1.63) in the non-systemic lymphoma cohort. Compared with the non-systemic lymphoma cohort, adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of developing uveitis were 1.24 (95% CI, 1.00-1.52) in people with systemic lymphoma. But not significant in after PSM, aHR of developing uveitis were 1.17 (95% CI, 0.90-1.53). This 18-year nationwide population-based cohort study in Taiwan, showed that the risk of uveitis in patients' systemic lymphoma was not significantly higher than non-systemic lymphoma after PSM. In elderly and rheumatic patients with intraocular inflammation, it is important to first exclude uveitis masquerade syndrome, which could be a harbinger of intraocular involvement from systemic lymphoma. Further large-scale prospective clinical studies to investigate whether systemic lymphoma influences the incidence of uveitis are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Te Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ju Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lun Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Yen Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsien Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changhua Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Tai Tien
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ting Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ning-Yi Hsia
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Henry Bair
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Huan-Sheng Chen
- An-Shin Dialysis Center, NephroCare Ltd., Fresenius Medical Care, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Chiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yu Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ahmed H, James A, Enghelberg M. Successful Use of Intravitreal Bevacizumab and Methotrexate in a Case of Neovascularization of the Iris and Pseudohypopyon Secondary to Recurrent Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Cureus 2022; 14:e22578. [PMID: 35371675 PMCID: PMC8958145 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
13
|
Jang HR, Lim KH, Lee K. Primary central nervous system lymphoma presenting as a single choroidal lesion mimicking metastasis: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:1291-1295. [PMID: 35211562 PMCID: PMC8855172 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i4.1291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary choroidal lymphoma is usually an indolent B-cell lymphoma and rarely progresses to extraocular sites. Herein, we report a case of primary choroidal lymphoma diagnosed as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBL), which progressed to the brain parenchyma after 4 mo.
CASE SUMMARY A 78-year-old man presented with diminution of vision in his right eye. A choroidal lesion suspected of metastatic lesion was observed in the right eye by ophthalmologic examination. To discover the primary tumor, imaging investigations were performed but no malignant lesion was detected. After 4 mo, the patient returned to the clinic presenting with neurological symptoms. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed an abnormal contrast-enhancing mass in the left cerebellum. A stereotactic biopsy was performed, and DLBL was confirmed. The patient received the high dose methotrexate-based chemotherapy and he achieved complete remission.
CONCLUSION Primary choroidal lymphoma is usually known to have a benign clinical course without systemic involvement. We present a rare case of primary choroidal lymphoma diagnosed as DLBL that progressed to the brain parenchyma within months.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Ryeong Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24289, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Hyoung Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24289, South Korea
| | - Kyungyul Lee
- Department of Pathology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24289, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Galletero Pandelo L, Rodríguez Vidal C, Artaraz J, Martínez-Alday N, Fonollosa A. Vitreous and Optic Nerve Infiltration of an Adrenal B Lymphoma. Case Rep Ophthalmol 2021; 12:915-920. [PMID: 34950020 PMCID: PMC8647120 DOI: 10.1159/000520338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to report a case of vitreous and optic nerve infiltration of a primary adrenal B lymphoma. Case Report An 81-year-old patient consulted for decrease in vision in the left eye and pain with ocular movements during the last week. The patient was being treated with chemotherapy for an adrenal gland diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. On examination, vitritis was seen in both eyes and optic disc edema in his left eye. After an extensive study based on orbital and brain magnetic resonance imaging and vitreous cytology, an ocular infiltration by systemic B lymphoma was confirmed. A treatment based on intravitreal methotrexate was carried out, achieving the regression of the vitreous infiltration and resolution of the optic disc edema. Systemic B lymphoma metastasizing ocular structures is extremely infrequent. The manifestations may mimic an inflammatory disease. Ophthalmologists should be aware of these manifestations and consider among the masquerade syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Galletero Pandelo
- Department of Ophthalmology, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, University of the Basque Country, Baracaldo, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez Vidal
- Department of Ophthalmology, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, University of the Basque Country, Baracaldo, Spain
| | - Joseba Artaraz
- Department of Ophthalmology, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, University of the Basque Country, Baracaldo, Spain
| | - Nerea Martínez-Alday
- Department of Ophthalmology, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, University of the Basque Country, Baracaldo, Spain
| | - Alex Fonollosa
- Department of Ophthalmology, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, University of the Basque Country, Baracaldo, Spain.,Bilbao Ophthalmological Institute, Bilbo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hassan M, Halim MS, Afridi R, Nguyen NV, Nguyen QD, Sepah YJ. Evaluating optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings as potential biomarkers in central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma with or without ocular involvement. Int J Retina Vitreous 2021; 7:70. [PMID: 34819169 PMCID: PMC8611969 DOI: 10.1186/s40942-021-00345-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) findings as biomarkers in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) with or without ocular involvement. METHODS This study was a cross-sectional study and patients with a confirmed diagnosis of PCNSL with or without ocular involvement were included. Patient cohort finder tool was used to identify patients with lymphoma using ICD-10 codes (C82-C88), from January 2004 to October 2017. A total of 14,820 patients were identified. Procedure code (92134) for optical coherence tomography (OCT) was then applied to identify patients who had underdone OCT imaging at ophthalmology clinic. Clinic charts of 460 patients with lymphoma and available OCT were reviewed to identify patients with confirmed diagnosis of PCNSL and divided into two groups (Group 1: with and Group 2: without ocular involvement). OCT scans of patients in both study groups were analyzed for the presence of (1) Hyperreflective deposits in choroid, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), outer and inner retina; (2) RPE thickening; (3) Vitreous debris; (4) Intraretinal fluid; (5) Ellipsoid zone disruption by masked graders. Chi-square was used to analyze the difference between the groups. RESULTS Twenty-two eyes (11 patients) with PCNSL were included this study (Group 1: 6 eyes and Group 2: 16 eyes). Mean age of subjects was 65 years. Five patients (45.45%) were female. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups for the presence of hyperreflective deposits in choroid, RPE, outer and inner retina, and presence of RPE thickening, intraretinal fluid, and ellipsoid zone disruption. Vitreous debris was found more commonly in group 1 subjects (83%) than group 2 (31.25%) (p = 0.029). All subjects in both groups showed hyperreflective deposits in the RPE demonstrating RPE infiltration. However, RPE thickening was noted only in 3 patients (Group1: 1 and Group2: 2). CONCLUSIONS OCT finding of hyperreflective deposits present in eyes with lymphoma secondary to PCNSL are also observed in eyes with PCNSL without ocular disease. However, the vitreous deposits are more commonly found in eyes with ocular disease. These hyperreflective deposits can serve as biomarkers for early detection of ocular involvement by PCNSL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hassan
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, 2370 Watson Court, Palo Alto, CA, 94303, USA
| | - Muhammad Sohail Halim
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, 2370 Watson Court, Palo Alto, CA, 94303, USA.,Ocular Imaging Research and Reading Center, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Rubbia Afridi
- Ocular Imaging Research and Reading Center, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Nam V Nguyen
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, 2370 Watson Court, Palo Alto, CA, 94303, USA.,Ocular Imaging Research and Reading Center, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Quan Dong Nguyen
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, 2370 Watson Court, Palo Alto, CA, 94303, USA
| | - Yasir J Sepah
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, 2370 Watson Court, Palo Alto, CA, 94303, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kaya M, Öner FH, Lebe B, Özkal S, Men S, Saatci AO. Challenges in the Diagnosis of Intraocular Lymphoma. Turk J Ophthalmol 2021; 51:317-325. [PMID: 34702874 PMCID: PMC8558694 DOI: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2021.50607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraocular lymphomas are among the rare malignancies that present with a wide variety of clinical manifestations. Differential diagnosis can be very troublesome due to its mimicking nature, insidious disease onset, and partial treatment response to steroids. The most important step in diagnosis is a high index of suspicion. Signs of the disease are now easier to detect using multimodal imaging techniques. In this case series, we reviewed the clinical characteristics of two women aged 70 and 71 years and a 72-year-old man with intraocular lymphoma and described their multimodal imaging findings in detail. Bilateral eye involvement was present in all three cases at our first ophthalmological examination. While the disease first presented with ocular involvement in two of the three cases, ocular involvement was detected seven years after initial heart involvement in one patient. All three patients had diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (one diagnosed with retinal biopsy, one with conjunctival biopsy, and the remaining with stereotactic brain biopsy). Intraocular lymphoma should be diagnosed and treated using a multidisciplinary approach, and we share our experience in this case series.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Kaya
- Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ferit Hakan Öner
- Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Banu Lebe
- Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Sermin Özkal
- Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Men
- Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ali Osman Saatci
- Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, İzmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wei C, Zhang L, Zhang W, Zhou D. Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma Occurring Primarily in the Eyes and with Central Nervous System Relapse. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:6579-6583. [PMID: 34447273 PMCID: PMC8384145 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s326414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A 56-year-old man complaining of blurred vision was referred to the ophthalmologist. He was initially diagnosed with uveitis and showed no response to steroid treatment. Diagnostic vitrectomy and skin lesion biopsy performed later confirmed the diagnosis of extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL), nasal type. Despite sufficient systemic chemotherapy, the patient developed central nervous system (CNS) relapse 3 months after achieving systemic remission. The diagnosis and treatment of this patient required multidisciplinary teamwork between ophthalmologists, pathologists, and hematologists. This report focused on the diagnostic planning and optimal treatment strategy for this patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wei
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Daobin Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Berkowitz ST, Brock AL, Reichstein DA. Chorioretinal Biopsy-Proven Ocular Sarcoidosis in a Patient with a History of B-Cell Lymphoma. Case Rep Ophthalmol 2021; 12:438-445. [PMID: 34054498 PMCID: PMC8136327 DOI: 10.1159/000512694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this report is to describe biopsy-proven ocular sarcoidosis (OS) in a 67-year-old patient with a history of sarcoidosis and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Nonspecific posterior chorioretinal lesions in a patient with prior malignancy necessitated chorioretinal biopsy to rule out metastatic lymphoma. The association between sarcoidosis and malignancy remains unclear and can complicate management of similar patients with nonspecific posterior segment findings. Chorioretinal biopsy may, therefore, be required to rule out malignancy in patients with a leading history.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean T Berkowitz
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Di Y, Xu HY, Ye JJ, Li MD. Clinical features and treatment outcomes of intraocular lymphoma: a single-center experience in China. Int J Ophthalmol 2021; 14:574-581. [PMID: 33875950 PMCID: PMC8025169 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2021.04.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, treatments, and outcomes of intraocular lymphoma. METHODS In this retrospective study, 16 patients (28 eyes) with intraocular lymphoma were recruited in the Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, from 2004 to 2019. All patients underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations. Vitreous specimens of 13 patients were sent for cytopathology examination and other adjunctive diagnostic procedures. Three patients were diagnosed with intraocular lymphoma according to analysis of the histopathological results of systemic lymphoma by one clinician. Twenty-three eyes were treated with intravitreal administration of methotrexate, 4 eyes could not receive ocular treatment due to life-threatening lymphoma, and 1 eye did not require ocular treatment because the fundus lesions regressed after systematic chemotherapy. RESULTS In 28 eyes, 25 eyes were diagnosed with vitreoretinal lymphoma, and 3 eyes were diagnosed with ciliary body lymphoma, all of which were non-Hodgkin diffuse large B cell lymphomas. The final visual acuity improved in 15 eyes (54%), remained unchanged in 5 eyes (18%), and decreased in 8 eyes (29%). Anterior segment inflammation disappeared or reduced in 8 and 5 eyes, respectively; and 15 eyes had no anterior segment reaction. Twenty eyes had mild vitreous opacity, 1 eye had mild vitritis, and 7 eyes had pars plana vitrectomy combined with silicone oil tamponade. Fundus lesions disappeared in 9 eyes and were relieved in 5 eyes; 4 eyes showed no changes, and the remaining 10 eyes' fundus were normal. CONCLUSION The clinical manifestations of intraocular lymphoma are diverse, and the misdiagnosis rate is high. Cytopathological analysis of vitreous is one of the gold standards for the diagnosis. Immunohistochemistry, gene rearrangement and flow cytometric immunophenotypic analysis can improve the diagnostic rate. Ocular chemotherapy or radiotherapy regimens may preserve visual acuity, and a multidisciplinary team can provide individualized treatment for the patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Di
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hai-Yan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jun-Jie Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Meng-Da Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tanaka R, Kaburaki T, Taoka K, Karakawa A, Tsuji H, Nishikawa M, Yatomi Y, Shinozaki-Ushiku A, Ushiku T, Araki F. More Accurate Diagnosis of Vitreoretinal Lymphoma Using a Combination of Diagnostic Test Results: A Prospective Observational Study. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2021; 30:1354-1360. [PMID: 33793360 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2021.1873394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To establish diagnostic criteria for vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) using cytology and laboratory tests from vitreous samples: interleukin (IL)-10/IL-6 ratio, immunoglobulin (Ig) H gene rearrangement, and clonal B-cells on flow cytometry. METHODS Fifty-six patients with and 39 without VRL were included. We assessed the sensitivity and specificity of each test and those of diagnostic criteria based on combinations of these tests. RESULTS The sensitivity values for malignant cytology, IL-10/IL-6 > 1, IgH gene rearrangement, and flow cytometry were 0.554, 0.821, 0.732, and 0.625 with specificity of 1.000, 1.000, 0.846, and 0.974, respectively. When the diagnostic criteria were set at malignant cytology or at two or more of of four tests (atypical cells, IL-10/IL-6 > 1, IgH gene rearrangement, and flow cytometry), the sensitivity and specificity values for accurate diagnosis were 0.929 and 1.00, respectively. CONCLUSION Malignant cytology or positive results for two or more of four tests may be adequate for VRL diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rie Tanaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Kaburaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuki Taoka
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Karakawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Tsuji
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of JFCR, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masako Nishikawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuo Ushiku
- Department of Pathology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Araki
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Colaço R, Portela M, Costa I, Guedes M, Mota A. Radiotherapy as Salvage Treatment in Intraocular Lymphoma: A Case Report. Case Rep Oncol 2021; 14:184-189. [PMID: 33776701 PMCID: PMC7983581 DOI: 10.1159/000512216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A 67-year-old previously healthy woman presented with progressive visual impairment including bitemporal hemianopsia. A brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed a contrast-enhancing mass in the optic chiasm, spreading along the left optic tract. The patient underwent a transcranial biopsy of the left optical tract that yielded a diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. CT scans of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis, PET-CT, and bone marrow biopsy revealed no evidence of systemic lymphoma. Thus, the final diagnosis was of primary central nervous system lymphoma of the optic chiasm. Systemic treatment was initiated with full response. Six months after the end of the treatment, recurrence at cerebellum parenchyma and left tentorium was recorded. A new systemic treatment achieved full response. A second recurrence was noted in an optical coherence tomography of the right eye, 2 years after the initial diagnosis. The patient was treated with intravitreal methotrexate with initial success, but eventual failure after 10 months. Intravitreal rituximab was used with no effect. The patient was then referred to radiotherapy and underwent external beam radiotherapy with VMAT. There were no acute toxicities to report. After the radiotherapy treatment, at 1-year follow-up, the patient has no evidence of disease. Long-term toxicities were recorded and are considered manageable. The present case emphasizes the role of ocular irradiation as an option in the management of intraocular lymphoma patients, including in the salvage setting, with an acceptable ocular toxicity profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raul Colaço
- Radiotherapy Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia Francisco Gentil E.P.E, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mariana Portela
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital de Egas Moniz Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental E.P.E, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ilda Costa
- Neurology Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia Francisco Gentil E.P.E, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Guedes
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital de Egas Moniz Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental E.P.E, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - António Mota
- Radiotherapy Department, Instituto Português de Oncologia Francisco Gentil E.P.E, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hearne E, Netzer OT, Lightman S. Learning points in intraocular lymphoma. Eye (Lond) 2021; 35:1815-1817. [PMID: 33731889 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-021-01500-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Oren Tomkins Netzer
- Lady Davis Carmel Medical Centre, Haifa, Israel.,Ruth and Bruch Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sue Lightman
- UCL/Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK. .,University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jurenová D, Plesníková P, Lysková D, Babál P, Kobzová D, Furdová A. INTRAOCULAR LYMPHOMA WITH RETROBULBAR INFILTRATION. A CASE REPORT. CESKA A SLOVENSKA OFTALMOLOGIE : CASOPIS CESKE OFTALMOLOGICKE SPOLECNOSTI A SLOVENSKE OFTALMOLOGICKE SPOLECNOSTI 2021; 77:304-310. [PMID: 35081721 DOI: 10.31348/2021/37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Subjective and objective symptoms following intraocular lymphoma could lead to a misdiagnosis at the beginning of the disease, which is the cause for the delay in an effective treatment. The most common manifestation of lymphoma is an inflammatory disease affecting the uvea. A multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis is required. Suspicion based on the ophthalmological examinations has to be verified by histology. We present a case report of a 78-year-old patient examined at our clinic, with progressive loss of vision in the left eye over 6 months, suspected of retinal detachment. Objectively the visual acuity was counting fingers in front of the left eye. Intraocular pressure changed from normotensive to hypertensive values during regular examinations. We realised imaging exams, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance, which proved an intraocular tumour with retrobulbar infiltration and retinal detachment. The patient was indicated for enucleation, which enabled assignment of a histological type of intraocular B-Non-Hodgkin lymphoma from marginal zone B-cells. We sent the patient to a haematologist-oncologist for management of the subsequent treatment and we prescribed an individual prosthesis to the patient after the enucleation. The patient remains under observation; no surgical treatment, chemotherapy or radiotherapy have been used for 15 months after the enucleation. The enucleation was both a diagnostic and treatment modality.
Collapse
|
24
|
Mohd Fauzi Yap MFB, Mohd Zain A, Tumian NR, Palaniappan S, Nasaruddin RA, Md Din N. Optic Nerve Infiltration in Systemic Metastatic Retinal Lymphoma (SMRL): Multimodal Imaging and Challenges in Diagnosis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2020; 29:479-484. [PMID: 32967510 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2020.1800050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A 45-year-old man was diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma stage IV which was confirmed by celiac lymph node biopsy. He subsequently completed six cycles of R-CHOP chemotherapy. Six months later, he presented with panuveitis OU with positive relative afferent pupillary defect OD. OCT revealed hyper-reflective lesions and irregularity of the retinal pigment epithelium OU. Fundus fluorescein angiogram shows hyper-auto fluorescence and granular changes on the retina. A month later, he developed swollen optic disc OD and hemorrhagic retinitis OU and treated as presumed CMV retinitis. Anti-TB was started after a positive Mantoux test. He finally consented for a vitreous biopsy which showed atypical lymphoid cells highly suggestive for vitreoretinal lymphoma and subsequently received intravitreal methotrexate OU.Conclusion: Optic nerve infiltration in systemic metastatic retinal lymphoma may have initial occult signs but with profound visual loss. Ocular infections like CMV retinitis and tuberculosis may mask and delay the diagnosis in immunocompromised patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayesha Mohd Zain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Rafeah Tumian
- Haematology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sivakumar Palaniappan
- Haematology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rona Asnida Nasaruddin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norshamsiah Md Din
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhou HP, Tanaka R, Kaburaki T. Multidisciplinary Diagnostic Approach in Intraocular Lymphoma Featuring Pseudo-hypopyon: Case Series and Literature Review. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2020; 29:490-495. [PMID: 32965144 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2020.1815796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diagnosis of intraocular lymphoma (IOL) is usually achieved by histopathological analysis. However, it may lead to inconclusive results due to the scarcity of malignant cells obtained by biopsy, hence leading to delayed diagnosis. We report two cases of IOL with pseudo-hypopyon, a rare feature of IOL, as their initial ocular feature, diagnosed using a multidisciplinary diagnostic approach. Common clinical features of IOL with pseudo-hypopyon were also investigated. METHODS Retrospective case series and literature review. RESULTS Two cases of IOL, a 78-year-old female and a 59-year-old male, whom had been diagnosed with systemic B-cell lymphoma developed pseudo-hypopyon and visual impairment during the course of their chemotherapy. Diagnosis of IOL was achieved from anterior chamber aspiration samples with supplementary diagnostic tools including flow cytometric immunophenotyping, interleukin and IgH gene rearrangement analysis in addition to the conventional histopathological analysis. Generally, pseudo-hypopyon was more commonly seen in secondary IOL and may associate with hyphema and high intraocular pressure. CONCLUSION Pseudo-hypopyon is a rare feature of IOL, more commonly seen in secondary IOL, which can be accompanied by hyphema and high intraocular pressure. Supplementary diagnostic tools such as flow cytometric immunophenotyping, interleukin analysis, and immunogloblin H gene rearrangement analysis are useful for supporting the diagnosis of IOL with pseudo-hypopyon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Peng Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Rie Tanaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Kaburaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama-shi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Clinical Features of Primary and Systemic Metastatic Intraocular Lymphomas in Spanish Patients. J Ophthalmol 2019; 2019:6327041. [PMID: 31737358 PMCID: PMC6816004 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6327041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To describe and compare clinical findings in different subtypes of biopsy-proven intraocular lymphomas (IOLs). Design Retrospective, observational case series. Methods The clinical and pathologic features in IOLs at the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona from 1995 to 2018 were retrospectively studied. Results Twenty-one patients, 12 men (57%), median age 60 (interquartile range, IQR: 18 years), and a median follow-up of 30 (IQR 60) months were included. Eleven patients had primary vitreo-retinal lymphoma (PVRL, 52%), 4 had primary uveal lymphoma (PUL, 19%), and 6 had systemic metastatic retinal lymphomas (SMRLs, 28%). Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was the main IOL subset in PVRL (91%) and in SMRL (83%), whereas extranodal marginal zone lymphoma was the only type in PUL (100%). Survival rate was 44% in PVRL and 20% in SMRL at 5 years (p=0.047). One patient had flow cytometry of two different vitreous humour samples. With them, flow cytometry was performed in a total of 11 samples, yielding 7 positive samples. Conclusions and Relevance Even though PVRL is the most frequent IOL subtype, our findings suggest that PUL and SMRL should be considered as potential IOL causes. Overall survival was poor in PVRL and even shorter in SMRL patients.
Collapse
|
27
|
Matsuo T, Tanaka T. Are there primary intraocular lymphomas that do not develop into central nervous system lymphomas? J Clin Exp Hematop 2019; 59:168-174. [PMID: 31611509 PMCID: PMC6954168 DOI: 10.3960/jslrt.19019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary intraocular lymphomas frequently develop into central nervous system lymphomas and vice versa. This study reviewed 22 consecutive patients with primary intraocular lymphoma diagnosed by immunostaining of vitrectomy cell blocks, and examined whether they developed central nervous system lymphoma. Seventeen patients developed central nervous system lymphoma: 3 patients developed intraocular and central nervous system lymphoma simultaneously, 9 patients developed central nervous system lymphoma 1 month to 5 years (median, 3 months) after intraocular lymphoma, and 5 patients developed central nervous system lymphoma preceding the diagnosis of intraocular lymphoma by 3 months to 9 years and 8 months (median, 1.5 years). In contrast, 5 patients did not develop central nervous system lymphoma: 2 patients did not develop local recurrence or central nervous system lymphoma in the follow-up period of 5 years and 11 years, respectively, after vitrectomy alone without additional local or systemic treatment. The remaining 3 patients with intraocular lymphoma had insufficient follow-up periods to determine the prognosis. The results of CD5 immunostaining of vitrectomy specimens were found in pathology reports of 8 patients: 3 patients with CD5-positive large cells and 4 patients with CD5-negative large cells developed central nervous system lymphoma. In summary, only a small number of patients did not develop central nervous system lymphoma based on long-term follow-up after vitrectomy alone. CD5 was not a marker of central nervous system involvement in this study population.
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhu W, Li D, Xiao L. Upregulation of valosin-containing protein (VCP) is associated with poor prognosis and promotes tumor progression of orbital B-cell lymphoma. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:243-253. [PMID: 30643422 PMCID: PMC6312057 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s182118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the relationship between VCP expression and the prognosis of orbital B-cell lymphoma patients and the influence of downregulation of VCP on the apoptosis and invasion abilities of lymphoma cells. Methods We recruited 66 orbital B-cell lymphoma patients. VCP expression in 66 samples of orbital B-cell lymphoma was determined by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal VCP antibodies. Based on VCP-expression levels detected by immunohistochemistry, we chose ten cases of orbital tumor paraffin tissue from the patients. Total RNA was extracted and differences in VCP gene-expression levels compared among patients using quantitative reverse-transcription (qRT) PCR. We used siRNA to knock down VCP in the lymphoma cell lines Raji and SUDHL4. qRT-PCR and Western blot were applied to detect VCP mRNA and protein expression, respectively. SUDHL48 assays were applied to investigate cell proliferation. Hoechst 33258 staining and flow-cytometry analysis were applied to investigate cell apoptosis. Transwell assays were applied to investigate invasive ability. Survival analysis was used to evaluate prognostic values. Results Expression levels of VCP were correlated with the stage, tumor grade, and recurrence rate of patients. VCP mRNA-expression levels were consistent with VCP-expression levels in orbital B-cell lymphoma tissue. Moreover, survival analysis revealed that lower VCP-expression levels were correlated with longer overall survival of orbital B-cell lymphoma patients. Down-regulation of VCP with siRNA did not inhibit cell proliferation. However, it dramatically increased apoptosis and suppressed the invasion of B-cell lymphoma cells. Conclusion VCP expression played an important role in the progression of orbital B-cell lymphoma. VCP could be a useful marker for predicting the prognosis of orbital B-cell lymphoma patients. VCP may be a potential therapeutic target for orbital B-cell lymphoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Di Li
- Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine of China, China Rehabilitation Science Institute, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Xiao
- Institute of Orbital Disease, General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing, China,
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Orbital tumors in children are characterised by a wide histological diversity due to the architectural complexity of the orbit. Several classifications may be proposed according to their location, histologic type and malignant or benign character. The most common clinical manifestation is the leukocoria. Diagnostic delay of these tumors, even if they are benign, may affect prognosis and lead to a loss of vision and/or a morphological deformation. Imaging plays an important role in positive diagnosis, in the differentiation between benign processes and potentially malignant processes, in the assessment of local and loco-regional staging and in follow-up monitoring under treatment. This study aimed to highlight the radiological features of primary intra-orbital tumors in children which are, in general, different from those of adults, by conducting a retrospective study of 40 medical records whose data were collected in the Division of Pediatric Radiology at the Mohammed VI University Hospital in Marrakech, Morocco over a period of 4 years (2014-2017).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dounia Basraoui
- Département de Radiologie, Hôpital Mère et Enfant, Centre d'Enseignement Mohammed VI, Faculté de Médecine de Marrakech, Université Cadi Ayad, Marrakech, Maroc
| | - Fadwa Jaafari
- Département de Radiologie, Hôpital Mère et Enfant, Centre d'Enseignement Mohammed VI, Faculté de Médecine de Marrakech, Université Cadi Ayad, Marrakech, Maroc
| | - Hicham Jalal
- Département de Radiologie, Hôpital Mère et Enfant, Centre d'Enseignement Mohammed VI, Faculté de Médecine de Marrakech, Université Cadi Ayad, Marrakech, Maroc
| |
Collapse
|