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Alsulaiman HM, AlThaqib R, Maktabi AMY, Alkatan HM, Elkhamary SM, Schellini SA. An advanced case of pediatric ciliary body medulloepithelioma with detailed literature review. Int J Surg Case Rep 2024; 115:109242. [PMID: 38245941 PMCID: PMC10830520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE Medulloepithelioma is the second most common primary intraocular malignant tumor in children but is often diagnosed late, which worsens the prognosis. CASE PRESENTATION We are reporting a 6-year-old boy presenting with a ciliary body (CB) teratoid malignant medulloepithelioma (TMM), which was missed at the initial presentation. We added our case to the 97 previously reported cases in our literature review that were confirmed by cytological or histopathological examination. DISCUSSION Medulloepithelioma has a wide age range at presentation with a mean of 5.3 ± 4.1 years, and slight male predominance (M: F ratio of 1.15). Clinically, the main symptoms/ signs are reduced visual acuity, lens changes, or a pupil "mass." Almost all reported medulloepitheliomas were unilateral (98 %). Histopathologically, non-teratoid malignant medulloepithelioma (NTMM) (35.7 %) and TMM (34.5 %) were the commonest. Enucleation was the main treatment modality because of the large tumor size of 72.7 %. A combination of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy was used in 15.1 % and brachytherapy for small lesions in 14.1 %. Orbital exenteration was needed in 3 cases because of orbital invasion. CONCLUSION A CB medulloepithelioma tumor can be easily missed, diagnosed late, with less chance for globe salvaging. The malignant types are more common and may result in orbital invasion, requiring even more extensive surgery. Therefore, when facing a child with lens changes, a pupil "mass," or raised intraocular pressure, pediatricians and general ophthalmologists must have an earlier suspicion and be aware of this rare entity to improve outcomes and reduce loss of vision or other disease-related morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad M Alsulaiman
- Oculoplastic department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan AlThaqib
- Oculoplastic department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azza M Y Maktabi
- Pathology and laboratory Medicine department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind M Alkatan
- Ophthalmology and Pathology departments, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sahar M Elkhamary
- Radiology department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Diagnostic Radiology department, Mansoura University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
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A Case Report of Management of Medulloepithelioma of the Ciliary Body and Iris without Recurrence over an Observation Period of Twenty Years. Case Rep Ophthalmol Med 2023; 2023:1508341. [PMID: 36741547 PMCID: PMC9897911 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1508341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraocular medulloepithelioma is a rare embryonal tumor that is believed to arise from the epithelium of the medullary tube. We report a 37-year-old female with medulloepithelioma presented at the age of 17 with a one-month history of left-sided visual deterioration and visible iris lesion. Birth history and medical and family histories were insignificant. The left eye revealed a vascularized iris mass. Further examination revealed a grey-white ciliary body mass and a subluxated lens with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 0.5. The patient underwent partial lamellar corneo-sclerouvectomy. The histological and electron microscopic findings revealed medulloepithelioma. To reduce the risk of recurrence of the probable malignant tumor, she was treated with Ruthenium plaque therapy about six weeks following surgical removal. Pars plana vitrectomy and lensectomy with laser photocoagulation of the peripheral retina were performed at the removal of the brachytherapy plaque. She regained her BCVA of 1.0 in her left eye 3.5 months following pars plana vitrectomy. At 20-year follow-up, no tumor recurrence was seen and her BCVA remained 1.0.
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Hu YG, Wang JJ, Ge X, Pei C, Ma JM. Bilateral medulloepithelioma of the ciliary body: a case report. Int J Ophthalmol 2023; 16:474-475. [PMID: 36935790 PMCID: PMC10009597 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2023.03.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Guang Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jin-Jin Wang
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xin Ge
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Cheng Pei
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jian-Min Ma
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100005, China
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Pike S, Iyengar R, Peng CC, Chevez-Barrios P, Brown B, Shah R, Biegel J, Yellapantula V, Nagiel A, Reiser BJ, Xu L, Berry JL. Malignant teratoid intraocular ciliary body medulloepithelioma in a 5-year-old male with corresponding somatic copy number alteration profile of aqueous humor cell-free DNA. Ophthalmic Genet 2022; 43:855-861. [PMID: 36314385 PMCID: PMC9877122 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2022.2138457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraocular, ciliary body, medulloepithelioma (CBME) is a rare tumor of the nonpigmented ciliary body epithelium, typically presenting in childhood. We describe a case of CBME. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ocular examination and imaging guided diagnostic and treatment decisions. Aqueous humor (AH) liquid biopsy was collected from the affected eye at eventual enucleation. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was employed to determine somatic copy number alterations (SCNA) in AH cell-free DNA (cfDNA). Tumor sample was analyzed using various assays to evaluate for oncogenic mutations and SCNAs. Histopathology determined diagnosis. RESULTS A 5-year-old male with glaucoma and cataract in the left eye (OS) experienced worsening left eye pain and redness. There was no light perception OS and the eye was hypotonus. Anterior segment exam showed complete cataract and rubeosis iridis. Ocular B-scan ultrasound OS revealed an intraocular lesion with calcifications and retinal detachment. Orbital MRI suggested left globe hypercellularity. An infiltrative lesion involving the ciliary body was seen in the left eye on examination under anesthesia. Left eye enucleation was performed in the setting of pain, blindness, and tumor, with anterior chamber paracentesis for AH liquid biopsy collection. SCNA profile of AH cfDNA demonstrated loss of copy of chromosomes 4, 6, and 9. Tumor was negative for clinically significant mutations or SCNAs. Histopathology diagnosed malignant teratoid CBME. CONCLUSIONS We present a case of CBME and include the unique SCNA profile of AH cfDNA from the enucleated eye. This case suggests utility of AH liquid biopsy in distinguishing between differential diagnoses for intraocular mass lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Pike
- The Vision Center, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA,USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rahul Iyengar
- The Vision Center, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA,USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chen-Ching Peng
- The Vision Center, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA,USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Brianne Brown
- The Vision Center, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rachana Shah
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute Retinoblastoma Program, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jaclyn Biegel
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Venkata Yellapantula
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Nagiel
- The Vision Center, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA,USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bibiana Jin Reiser
- The Vision Center, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA,USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Liya Xu
- The Vision Center, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA,USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jesse L. Berry
- The Vision Center, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA,USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Leal de Araújo J, Arruda ACAM, Santos NTA, Dias GF, Nery TFL, Del Piero F, Ploeg R, Porter BF, Langohr IM. Ocular teratoid medulloepithelioma in a northern red-shouldered macaw: case report and literature review. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 33:600-604. [PMID: 33568016 DOI: 10.1177/1040638721994601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 4-mo-old northern red-shouldered macaw (Diopsittaca nobilis) was admitted to the veterinary hospital of the Arruda Câmara Zoo, in the State of Paraiba, Brazil, for investigation of an orbital mass. Given rapid progression and lack of response to treatment, the bird was euthanized, and an autopsy was performed. Histologically, the mass consisted of a retrobulbar invasive tumor characterized by tubular and rosette-like structures, with interspersed heteroplastic tissues, such as aggregates of neuroglial cells and islands of hyaline cartilage. The tumor was immunopositive for pancytokeratin, GFAP, NSE, and S100. These findings were compatible with an ocular teratoid medulloepithelioma, a neoplasm best described in humans but also reported rarely in young cockatiels and African Grey parrots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeann Leal de Araújo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Areia, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Alice C A M Arruda
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Areia, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Nayadjala T A Santos
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Areia, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Glenison F Dias
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculdade Nova Esperança-FAMENE, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Thiago F L Nery
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Parque Zoobotânico Arruda Câmara, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Fabio Del Piero
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Richard Ploeg
- Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brian F Porter
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Ingeborg M Langohr
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
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Chaudhary S, Regmi V, Shah S, Adhikari P. Subconjunctival Mass as Rare Presentation of Even Rarer Intraocular Medulloepithelioma: A Case Report. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 59:77-80. [PMID: 34508461 PMCID: PMC7893384 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.5269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Medulloepithelioma is a rare childhood embryonal tumor arising from the non-pigmented ciliary epithelium of the pars plicata. We report a case of an 11-year-old male who presented with painless loss of vision of the right eye for the last three years and progressively increasing mass on the superior aspect of the globe for the last three months. On ocular examination, a firm, non-tender mass of 4cm × 3cm was noted in the superior aspect of the globe. CT-Scan of the orbit was suggestive of a foreign body with a haemorrhage or infection. The patient underwent enucleation with minimal manipulation. Histopathological examination of the enucleated globe revealed medulloepithelioma. The intraocular medulloepithelioma presentation is often late and masquerading, which may lead to extraocular extension and metastasis and ultimately unfavorable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Chaudhary
- Department of Ophthalmology, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan-18, Sunsari, Nepal
| | - Vinayak Regmi
- Department of Ophthalmology, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan-18, Sunsari, Nepal
| | - Sangeeta Shah
- Department of Ophthalmology, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan-18, Sunsari, Nepal
| | - Purbesh Adhikari
- Department of Pathology, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan-18, Sunsari, Nepal
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